GB/CA/1921, Great Britain Armoured Cruiser laid down 1921 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
24,231 t light; 25,234 t standard; 26,899 t normal; 28,230 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(760.07 ft / 755.00 ft) x 88.00 ft x (26.00 / 26.99 ft)
(231.67 m / 230.12 m) x 26.82 m x (7.92 / 8.23 m)
Armament:
9 - 10.00" / 254 mm 50.0 cal guns - 529.32lbs / 240.10kg shells, 120 per gun
Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1921 Model
3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
1 raised mount - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm 50.0 cal guns - 88.07lbs / 39.95kg shells, 150 per gun
Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1921 Model
8 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
4 raised mounts - superfiring
6 - 4.70" / 119 mm 45.0 cal guns - 52.35lbs / 23.75kg shells, 150 per gun
Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1921 Model
6 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
6 raised mounts
24 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 1.97lbs / 0.89kg shells, 150 per gun
Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1921 Model
6 x 2 row quad mounts on sides, evenly spread
6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 6,534 lbs / 2,964 kg
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks
Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 173,434 shp / 129,382 Kw = 34.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 17.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,996 tons
Complement:
1,049 - 1,365
Cost:
£5.593 million / $22.373 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,632 tons, 6.1 %
Armour: 7,509 tons, 27.9 %
- Belts: 2,386 tons, 8.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 418 tons, 1.6 %
- Armament: 1,904 tons, 7.1 %
- Armour Deck: 2,646 tons, 9.8 %
- Conning Tower: 155 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 4,807 tons, 17.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,284 tons, 38.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,668 tons, 9.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
39,909 lbs / 18,103 Kg = 79.8 x 10.0 " / 254 mm shells or 4.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 5.0 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.53
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
an extended bulbous bow and small transom stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.545 / 0.551
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.58 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.60 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 9.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 32.00 ft / 9.75 m, 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 28.00 ft / 8.53 m, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 26.37 ft / 8.04 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 105.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 220.6 %
Waterplane Area: 47,286 Square feet or 4,393 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 159 lbs/sq ft or 775 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.34
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
This is a forum for discussion of topics relating to the Dreadnought era, prior to the ascendency of naval aviation. We will be discussing history, ship design, and naval wargaming.
Sunday, March 30, 2008
A GB/CA/1921 design
This is another attempt at a fast, British 1921-style heavy armoured cruiser. The ship has 9-10in/50, 16-5.5in/50 QF, 6-4.7in AA, and 24-2pdr AA guns. The armour basis is 8in. This is the Springsharp report:
Saturday, March 22, 2008
I was interested to read about A.P. Tulley's research
John W. Fox, on the NavWarGames Yahoo Group, pointed out a good article by A.P. Tulley about how the mystery surrounding the loss of the Japanese battleship Kongo was solved. My research is about the 1650's and the Dutch navy, but I can relate to Tully's persistence in solving the mystery about the Kongo's loss. Not many writers even realized that there was a mystery.
Wednesday, March 19, 2008
A Belted Cruiser: the GB/CA/1905
I have been thinking a lot about 1880's design standards. One thread of development in that period were belted cruisers. They had a relatively thick, but narrow belt of armour. That was the main protection, although there would have been some deck armour, as well. My design has 8-9.2in/50 BLR and 16-4in QF guns. The belt is just 10ft wide, but is 8in thick. The speed is a more modern 25 knots. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/CA/1905, Great Britain Belted Cruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1910)
Displacement:
10,209 t light; 10,764 t standard; 12,948 t normal; 14,694 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(492.00 ft / 485.00 ft) x 65.00 ft x (25.00 / 27.71 ft)
(149.96 m / 147.83 m) x 19.81 m x (7.62 / 8.45 m)
Armament:
8 - 9.20" / 234 mm 50.0 cal guns - 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 150 per gun
Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1905 Model
2 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
2 x Twin mounts on sides amidships
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 150 per gun
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1905 Model
16 x Single mounts on sides amidships
8 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 3,552 lbs / 1,611 kg
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 124 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armoured deck - multiple decks: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks
Forecastle: 2.00" / 51 mm Quarter deck: 2.00" / 51 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 5.00" / 127 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 42,596 shp / 31,776 Kw = 25.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 16.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,930 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
606 - 788
Cost:
£0.996 million / $3.985 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 909 tons, 7.0 %
Armour: 3,453 tons, 26.7 %
- Belts: 1,275 tons, 9.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 361 tons, 2.8 %
- Armament: 919 tons, 7.1 %
- Armour Deck: 838 tons, 6.5 %
- Conning Tower: 59 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 1,936 tons, 15.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,912 tons, 30.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,738 tons, 21.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
20,351 lbs / 9,231 Kg = 52.3 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 3.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
Metacentric height 3.5 ft / 1.1 m
Roll period: 14.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.76
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.37
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has low quarterdeck ,
a ram bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.575 / 0.589
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.02 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 25.00 %, 26.00 ft / 7.92 m, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Aft deck: 13.00 %, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Quarter deck: 32.00 %, 16.00 ft / 4.88 m, 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Average freeboard: 21.64 ft / 6.60 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 108.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 169.9 %
Waterplane Area: 22,523 Square feet or 2,092 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 120 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 119 lbs/sq ft or 583 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.19
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Wednesday, March 12, 2008
A fast Italian cruiser: It/CL/1942
I wanted my 1942 Italian light cruiser to be pretty fast, but to have some protection. I wanted more than the Capitani Romani class. I have 9-5.3in DP guns, 8-57mm AA guns, 12-37mm AA guns, and 8-21in TT. The speed is 37 knots. The ship can theoretically survive one torpedo hit. This is the Springsharp report:
It/CL/1942, Italy Light Cruiser laid down 1942 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
7,691 t light; 7,935 t standard; 8,604 t normal; 9,139 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(586.59 ft / 580.00 ft) x 55.00 ft x (20.00 / 20.87 ft)
(178.79 m / 176.78 m) x 16.76 m x (6.10 / 6.36 m)
Armament:
9 - 5.30" / 135 mm 50.0 cal guns - 78.00lbs / 35.38kg shells, 150 per gun
Dual purpose guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1942 Model
3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
1 raised mount - superfiring
8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 6.00lbs / 2.72kg shells, 0 per gun
Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1942 Model
4 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
4 raised mounts
12 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 1.75lbs / 0.79kg shells, 150 per gun
Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1942 Model
6 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 771 lbs / 350 kg
8 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.509 t each, 12.073 t total
In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 2.00" / 51 mm 380.00 ft / 115.82 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
0.60" / 15 mm 380.00 ft / 115.82 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armoured deck - single deck: 1.00" / 25 mm For and Aft decks
Forecastle: 1.00" / 25 mm Quarter deck: 1.00" / 25 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 2.00" / 51 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 117,970 shp / 88,006 Kw = 37.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 16.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,204 tons
Complement:
446 - 580
Cost:
£4.771 million / $19.084 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 231 tons, 2.7 %
- Guns: 219 tons, 2.5 %
- Torpedoes: 12 tons, 0.1 %
Armour: 1,077 tons, 12.5 %
- Belts: 372 tons, 4.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 169 tons, 2.0 %
- Armament: 116 tons, 1.3 %
- Armour Deck: 402 tons, 4.7 %
- Conning Tower: 18 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,822 tons, 32.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,561 tons, 41.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 913 tons, 10.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
8,846 lbs / 4,012 Kg = 118.8 x 5.3 " / 135 mm shells or 1.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 2.6 ft / 0.8 m
Roll period: 14.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.10
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
an extended bulbous bow and large transom stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.472 / 0.480
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.55 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 49
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 9.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 29.00 ft / 8.84 m, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 25.00 ft / 7.62 m, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Aft deck: 34.00 %, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m, 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Quarter deck: 16.00 %, 19.00 ft / 5.79 m, 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 22.38 ft / 6.82 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 181.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 196.6 %
Waterplane Area: 21,544 Square feet or 2,001 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 94 lbs/sq ft or 457 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.17
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Thursday, March 06, 2008
An Atlanta-style light cruiser
I wanted to see what an Atlanta-style fast light cruiser would be like. I call my design the "US/CL/1940 AA". My ship has 16-5in/38 DP guns and has a 34 knot speed:
US/CL/1940 AA, United States Light Cruiser laid down 1940 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
7,687 t light; 7,951 t standard; 8,625 t normal; 9,165 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(546.43 ft / 540.00 ft) x 54.00 ft x (20.50 / 21.43 ft)
(166.55 m / 164.59 m) x 16.46 m x (6.25 / 6.53 m)
Armament:
12 - 5.00" / 127 mm 38.0 cal guns - 58.00lbs / 26.31kg shells, 150 per gun
Dual purpose guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1940 Model
4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 double raised mounts
4 - 5.00" / 127 mm 38.0 cal guns - 58.00lbs / 26.31kg shells, 150 per gun
Dual purpose guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1940 Model
2 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
12 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 150 per gun
Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1940 Model
2 x Quad mounts on sides, aft deck forward
2 raised mounts - superfiring
1 x Quad mount on centreline, aft deck aft
Weight of broadside 952 lbs / 432 kg
8 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.501 t each, 12.009 t total
In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 355.00 ft / 108.20 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
0.60" / 15 mm 355.00 ft / 108.20 m 20.50 ft / 6.25 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armoured deck - single deck: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks
Forecastle: 2.00" / 51 mm Quarter deck: 2.00" / 51 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 5.00" / 127 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 88,421 shp / 65,962 Kw = 34.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 16.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,214 tons
Complement:
446 - 581
Cost:
£3.858 million / $15.432 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 214 tons, 2.5 %
- Guns: 202 tons, 2.3 %
- Torpedoes: 12 tons, 0.1 %
Armour: 1,952 tons, 22.6 %
- Belts: 700 tons, 8.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 162 tons, 1.9 %
- Armament: 288 tons, 3.3 %
- Armour Deck: 757 tons, 8.8 %
- Conning Tower: 45 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 2,115 tons, 24.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,406 tons, 39.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 938 tons, 10.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
11,828 lbs / 5,365 Kg = 189.2 x 5.0 " / 127 mm shells or 1.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.02
Metacentric height 2.1 ft / 0.6 m
Roll period: 15.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.56
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.03
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
an extended bulbous bow and large transom stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.505 / 0.513
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.50 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 49
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 9.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 20.00 %, 28.00 ft / 8.53 m, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forward deck: 30.00 %, 24.00 ft / 7.32 m, 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Aft deck: 35.00 %, 21.00 ft / 6.40 m, 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Quarter deck: 15.00 %, 18.00 ft / 5.49 m, 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 21.40 ft / 6.52 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 140.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 176.3 %
Waterplane Area: 20,299 Square feet or 1,886 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 125 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 97 lbs/sq ft or 473 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.93
- Longitudinal: 2.02
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent