A Super Lion (GB/CB/1912) design

This is my latest attempt at a Super Lion design (the GB/CB/1912) with 10-15in guns and a 30-knot speed. One lesson I learned is that this ship has to be large to have the necessary characteristics:

GB/CB/1912 Super Lion, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1912 (Engine 1917)

Displacement:
 37,318 t light; 39,860 t standard; 43,687 t normal; 46,749 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (787.00 ft / 780.00 ft) x 102.00 ft x (31.25 / 33.07 ft)
 (239.88 m / 237.74 m) x 31.09 m  x (9.53 / 10.08 m)

Armament:
      10 - 15.00" / 381 mm 42.0 cal guns - 1,950.01lbs / 884.51kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1912 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
   1 x Twin mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      16 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 31.99lbs / 14.51kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1912 Model
   12 x Single mounts on centreline, forward deck aft
  4 raised mounts
   4 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 20,012 lbs / 9,077 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 580.00 ft / 176.78 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 200.00 ft / 60.96 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Upper: 7.00" / 178 mm 580.00 ft / 176.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 114 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
  2.00" / 51 mm 580.00 ft / 176.78 m 31.25 ft / 9.53 m
 Beam between torpedo bulkheads 58.00 ft / 17.68 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 8.00" / 203 mm  10.0" / 254 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
 For and Aft decks: 3.00" / 76 mm
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 10.00" / 254 mm, Aft 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 158,499 shp / 118,240 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 8,500nm at 16.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,889 tons

Complement:
 1,510 - 1,964

Cost:
 £3.568 million / $14.274 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,616 tons, 6.0 %
    - Guns: 2,616 tons, 6.0 %
 Armour: 12,436 tons, 28.5 %
    - Belts: 3,746 tons, 8.6 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,341 tons, 3.1 %
    - Armament: 3,572 tons, 8.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,295 tons, 7.5 %
    - Conning Towers: 481 tons, 1.1 %
 Machinery: 5,810 tons, 13.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,456 tons, 37.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,369 tons, 14.6 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   62,575 lbs / 28,383 Kg = 37.1 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 8.8 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
 Metacentric height 6.7 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 16.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.86
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.615 / 0.622
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.65 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.93 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 24.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Forward deck: 25.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 18.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Quarter deck: 33.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  24.01 ft / 7.32 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 132.8 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 195.7 %
 Waterplane Area: 59,008 Square feet or 5,482 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1,015 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.99
  - Longitudinal: 1.19
  - Overall: 1.00
 Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
 Excellent accommodation and workspace room

A biography of William Hovgaard from MIT

MIT has a biography of the Danish naval architect William Hovgaard, who taught at MIT for an extended period.

My "classic" design for the Ger/CB/1906

This Springsharp design is faithful to my original concept and specification for the Ger/CB/1906 battlecruisers. The design is centered around a short, thin belt that is inclined outwards and topped by a 3in deck. The turrets and barbettes are 6in thick. The speed is the original 33 knots. By agreement, all of our designs from this period had oil fuel and direct-drive turbines. We also allowed the anachronistic outward angled belt. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CB/1906, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1906 (Engine 1916)

Displacement:
 24,440 t light; 25,366 t standard; 27,704 t normal; 29,574 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (803.00 ft / 800.00 ft) x 85.00 ft x (25.60 / 26.97 ft)
 (244.75 m / 243.84 m) x 25.91 m  x (7.80 / 8.22 m)

Armament:
      8 - 12.00" / 305 mm 45.0 cal guns - 850.00lbs / 385.55kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1906 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 31.99lbs / 14.51kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1906 Model
   6 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
   6 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 7,184 lbs / 3,259 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 425.00 ft / 129.54 m 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
   Main Belt inclined 16.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
  1.50" / 38 mm 425.00 ft / 129.54 m 25.60 ft / 7.80 m
 Beam between torpedo bulkheads 62.00 ft / 18.90 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
 For and Aft decks: 3.00" / 76 mm
 Forecastle: 0.00" / 0 mm  Quarter deck: 2.00" / 51 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 164,934 shp / 123,041 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 6,500nm at 16.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 4,207 tons

Complement:
 1,073 - 1,395

Cost:
 £2.404 million / $9.615 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,346 tons, 4.9 %
    - Guns: 1,346 tons, 4.9 %
 Armour: 5,848 tons, 21.1 %
    - Belts: 1,313 tons, 4.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 604 tons, 2.2 %
    - Armament: 1,604 tons, 5.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,209 tons, 8.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 118 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 6,145 tons, 22.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,101 tons, 40.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,264 tons, 11.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   37,316 lbs / 16,926 Kg = 43.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
 Metacentric height 4.9 ft / 1.5 m
 Roll period: 16.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.74
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.23

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.557 / 0.564
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.41 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Aft deck: 19.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Quarter deck: 31.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard:  26.35 ft / 8.03 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 129.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 240.0 %
 Waterplane Area: 47,769 Square feet or 4,438 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 160 lbs/sq ft or 782 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.18
  - Overall: 1.00
 Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
 Excellent accommodation and workspace room
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily