Germany, Ger/CB/1905 design study D1 Battlecruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
25,967 t light; 26,930 t standard; 29,423 t normal; 31,418 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
600.00 ft / 600.00 ft x 95.00 ft x 29.00 ft (normal load)
182.88 m / 182.88 m x 28.96 m x 8.84 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
12 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 95 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm, Conning tower: 11.00" / 279 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 92,993 shp / 69,373 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,488 tons
Complement:
1,123 - 1,460
Cost:
£2.757 million / $11.028 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 3.5 %
Armour: 7,893 tons, 26.8 %
- Belts: 3,075 tons, 10.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 493 tons, 1.7 %
- Armament: 2,129 tons, 7.2 %
- Armour Deck: 1,970 tons, 6.7 %
- Conning Tower: 226 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 7,045 tons, 23.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,003 tons, 34.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,456 tons, 11.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
28,887 lbs / 13,103 Kg = 33.4 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 3.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
Metacentric height 6.2 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 16.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.46
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.06
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.623
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.32 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.49 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (70 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (16.00 ft / 4.88 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Stern: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Average freeboard: 22.38 ft / 6.82 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 131.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 165.6 %
Waterplane Area: 42,591 Square feet or 3,957 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 167 lbs/sq ft or 813 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.59
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
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Saturday, January 15, 2005
A German battlecruiser design study that is really a fast battleship
I realized that this design study that I did, probably in the early 1970's, was similar to a fast battleship. The ship is from about 1905, with 11in side armor and a 2.5in deck. The armament is 8-12in and 12-6in guns. The speed was intended to be 28.6 knots (or even more), but all I could reasonably get from Springsharp was 27 knots. That is still an interesting ship. That is because the length is only 600 feet. That is much better than my British battlecruiser with a 9in armor basis and 31 knots, which ballooned to something like 45,000 tons. Hopefully there are no data entry problems distorting the result!
I just did an experiment to see what it would take to drive a battlecruiser at 31 knots in 1905
I was determined to see what would be needed to drive a battlecruiser at 31 knots in 1905. I found out that the cost was unacceptable, due to the machinery limitations of the day. I suspected that I could greatly increase armor, however. I found out that the best that I could do, using an "all or nothing" scheme was a 9in armor basis. To do that requires a huge ship (in 1905). If anyone would have built ships to the design, they would be super-ships. There are fast, well-armed, and moderately well protected, for what they are.
GB/CB/1905 design study C1, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
40,301 t light; 41,617 t standard; 47,056 t normal; 51,408 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
794.00 ft / 794.00 ft x 102.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
242.01 m / 242.01 m x 31.09 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (3 mounts), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (9 mounts), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 97 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 190,809 shp / 142,344 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 9,792 tons
Complement:
1,596 - 2,076
Cost:
£4.296 million / $17.184 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 2.2 %
Armour: 8,891 tons, 18.9 %
- Belts: 3,111 tons, 6.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 638 tons, 1.4 %
- Armament: 2,256 tons, 4.8 %
- Armour Deck: 2,885 tons, 6.1 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 14,455 tons, 30.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,929 tons, 33.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,755 tons, 14.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
42,281 lbs / 19,178 Kg = 48.9 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.26
Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
Roll period: 15.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.45
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.29
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.656
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.78 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.18 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m (33.00 ft / 10.06 m aft of break)
- Mid (73 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Stern: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Average freeboard: 30.21 ft / 9.21 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 144.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 227.5 %
Waterplane Area: 62,383 Square feet or 5,796 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 174 lbs/sq ft or 848 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.31
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Frank Fox had argued for a armament of 8-12in guns
I just tried out an 8-12in gunned GB/CB/1905 with a 6in belt. The best speed I could get was 28 knots. The size is 35,293, normal displacement. By adjusting dimensions, I could probably do better. Hull strength is the issue. I am sure that my friend Cliff would really enjoy trying out Springsharp.
GB/CB/1905 design study C1, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
29,611 t light; 30,692 t standard; 35,293 t normal; 38,973 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
234.70 m / 234.70 m x 25.91 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (3 mounts), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
Main guns limited to end-on fire
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (9 mounts), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 107,644 shp / 80,303 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,282 tons
Complement:
1,286 - 1,673
Cost:
£3.040 million / $12.160 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 2.9 %
Armour: 7,132 tons, 20.2 %
- Belts: 2,032 tons, 5.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 638 tons, 1.8 %
- Armament: 2,038 tons, 5.8 %
- Armour Deck: 2,424 tons, 6.9 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 8,155 tons, 23.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,299 tons, 37.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,681 tons, 16.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
44,112 lbs / 20,009 Kg = 51.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 4.8 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 86 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.16
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.72
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.699
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m (33.00 ft / 10.06 m aft of break)
- Mid (73 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Stern: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Average freeboard: 30.21 ft / 9.21 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 126.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 237.3 %
Waterplane Area: 52,413 Square feet or 4,869 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 163 lbs/sq ft or 794 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.42
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
I was just looking at my alternate design for the GB/CB/1905 battlecruises
I was looking at what I had proposed to my friend Cliff for the GB/CB/1905 battlecruisers. This is a ship that would be more acceptable to Frank Fox and D.K. Brown than what Cliff wanted to have. This ship has 6-12in/45 guns with the same 9-6in/50 QF guns mounted on deck. The armor, in this case, is a 6in belt, 16ft high, a 2.5in deck, and 10in turret faces and 8in barbettes for the 12in guns. I was only able to achieve 29 knots in Springsharp, but that is still not too bad for 1905. When you realize that the Invincibles also had a 6 gun broadside, this looks pretty good, except that the cost would have been unacceptable. The size ballooned all out of proportion, but the resulting ship is a good seaboat and has good stability. I realized that the belt was too short, so that grew to 500 ft long. Springsharp is still complaining, but I am happy, as the light and standard displacement aren't so out of line. Mostly, the range I specified is driving up the normal and maximum displacements.
GB/CB/1905 design study B1, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
29,113 t light; 30,087 t standard; 34,666 t normal; 38,329 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
234.70 m / 234.70 m x 25.91 m x 7.92 m
Armament:
6 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (3x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
9 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 6,156 lbs / 2,792 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 123,075 shp / 91,814 Kw = 29.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,242 tons
Complement:
1,269 - 1,651
Cost:
£2.971 million / $11.883 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 770 tons, 2.2 %
Armour: 6,654 tons, 19.2 %
- Belts: 2,033 tons, 5.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 638 tons, 1.8 %
- Armament: 1,528 tons, 4.4 %
- Armour Deck: 2,454 tons, 7.1 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 9,324 tons, 26.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 12,366 tons, 35.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,553 tons, 16.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
40,932 lbs / 18,566 Kg = 47.4 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.19
Metacentric height 5.4 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 15.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 83 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.79
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.66
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.713
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m (33.00 ft / 10.06 m aft of break)
- Mid (73 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Stern: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Average freeboard: 30.21 ft / 9.21 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 135.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 243.4 %
Waterplane Area: 53,069 Square feet or 4,930 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 151 lbs/sq ft or 738 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.36
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
I just entered the specs for the Ger/BB/1915 CDV design, and made data entry errors that made it look like "it worked"
The Ger/BB/1915 CDV is a tubby coast defense battleship ("V" means vessel). The ship has 4-18in and 16-4in guns, with 4-23.6in TT above water. The ship has only a 10in armor basis, but a 10in deck, as well. Back 30-some years ago, we were enamoured with coast defense battleships. I entered the data, but neglected to give the belt length or height, as well as the anti-torpedo bulkhead. With little protection, except for a 10in deck (like a heavily protected cruiser), the design worked pretty well. To get sufficient hull strength, after entering the data, the ship ballooned to 36,448 tons, normal displacement. The drawing has a profile like a 1920's pocket battleships, with a single funnel, tower mast,and single, German-looking turrets, forward and aft. To obtain passable seakeeping ability, I had to reduce the beam to 112 feet, instead of the original 118 ft. You expect a coast defense battleship to accept some wetness forward, but I am pleased with how the design developed.
Ger/BB/1915 CDV design study A1, Germany Coast Defense Battleship laid down 1915
Displacement:
34,239 t light; 35,480 t standard; 36,448 t normal; 37,222 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
650.00 ft / 650.00 ft x 112.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
198.12 m / 198.12 m x 34.14 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
4 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (2x2 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 12,176 lbs / 5,523 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 75
4 - 23.6" / 599.44 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 88 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 10.00" / 254 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 91,579 shp / 68,318 Kw = 26.00 kts
Range 3,600nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,742 tons
Complement:
1,318 - 1,714
Cost:
£4.309 million / $17.236 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,522 tons, 4.2 %
Armour: 15,503 tons, 42.5 %
- Belts: 2,721 tons, 7.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 452 tons, 1.2 %
- Armament: 1,786 tons, 4.9 %
- Armour Deck: 10,308 tons, 28.3 %
- Conning Tower: 237 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 3,469 tons, 9.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,744 tons, 37.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,209 tons, 6.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
57,869 lbs / 26,249 Kg = 19.8 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 9.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 7.7 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 17.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.00
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.649
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 25.50 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 60
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Mid (0 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 20.11 ft / 6.13 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 149.8 %
Waterplane Area: 55,718 Square feet or 5,176 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 194 lbs/sq ft or 946 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.39
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Another try for the Ger/CB/1906
I found my drawing of a more refined Ger/CB/1906 drawing, done more than 30 years after the original (this was dated August 31, 2002). I thought that I should try again to see what could be done with the design. The concept was for a very fast, well-armed, but lightly armored ship. What I could do was 30 knots, at the cost of a huge increase in displacement. My new drawing is of a ship with a much higher freeboard, which is very helpful in fast ship. Springsharp says: "Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform. Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather." I doubt that 33 knots is achievable, without increasing dimensions. She has become quite full, since I refused to increase dimensions (800ft x 85ft x 26ft).
Ger/CB/1906b1, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1906
Displacement:
30,908 t light; 31,977 t standard; 35,815 t normal; 38,885 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
800.00 ft / 800.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
243.84 m / 243.84 m x 25.91 m x 7.92 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1906 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
Main guns limited to end-on fire
8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1906 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 7,776 lbs / 3,527 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 87 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 7.00" / 178 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 140,760 shp / 105,007 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,908 tons
Complement:
1,301 - 1,692
Cost:
£3.178 million / $12.712 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 972 tons, 2.7 %
Armour: 6,932 tons, 19.4 %
- Belts: 1,321 tons, 3.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 574 tons, 1.6 %
- Armament: 1,823 tons, 5.1 %
- Armour Deck: 3,049 tons, 8.5 %
- Conning Tower: 164 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 9,140 tons, 25.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,864 tons, 38.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,906 tons, 13.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
42,790 lbs / 19,409 Kg = 49.5 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 4.8 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 83 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.13
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.66
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.709
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.41 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Mid (73 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m (24.00 ft / 7.32 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Stern: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Average freeboard: 31.46 ft / 9.59 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 134.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 258.6 %
Waterplane Area: 54,942 Square feet or 5,104 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 160 lbs/sq ft or 780 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.45
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Friday, January 14, 2005
My first cut at the 1915 large battleship
My first design study for the German 1915 large battleship to be built in numbers was too short, but I was able to make the design work in Springsharp pretty well. The ship carried 9-18in/45 and 12-5in QF guns and was 65,000 tons. Due to the vagaries of Springsharp, I was able to drive the ship at 27 knots, not 20 knots. The biggest issue was getting sufficient stability. I had to reduce the draft by almost 4 feet and decrease armor. To actually get stability to 1.0, I had to increase the speed. 700 feet is really too short for a ship with 9-18in guns.
Ger/BB/1915 design study c1, Germany Battleship laid down 1915
Displacement:
60,911 t light; 63,446 t standard; 65,117 t normal; 66,453 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
703.03 ft / 700.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 39.00 ft (normal load)
214.28 m / 213.36 m x 36.58 m x 11.89 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 27,540 lbs / 12,492 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 92 % of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 148,126 shp / 110,502 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,007 tons
Complement:
2,037 - 2,649
Cost:
£8.450 million / $33.798 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,443 tons, 5.3 %
Armour: 20,623 tons, 31.7 %
- Belts: 5,496 tons, 8.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 4,887 tons, 7.5 %
- Armour Deck: 9,926 tons, 15.2 %
- Conning Tower: 314 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 5,611 tons, 8.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 31,234 tons, 48.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,206 tons, 6.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
84,790 lbs / 38,460 Kg = 29.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 5.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.00
Metacentric height 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 19.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.696
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.83 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (67 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 25.44 ft / 7.75 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 67.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 161.7 %
Waterplane Area: 67,069 Square feet or 6,231 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 337 lbs/sq ft or 1,646 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.29
- Longitudinal: 2.72
- Overall: 1.39
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Another try at a very large battleship: Ger/BB/1923 A1
I just tried the very large German battleship design study, setting the date at 1923. The ship was intended to be 105,000 tons with 9-19.75in and 16-6in guns. The speed specified was 31 knots. About all I had to do, besides ensuring that everything was filled in, was to increase the displacement so that the composite strength was 1.0. The freeboard was great enough that the design turned out very nicely. The ship just barely exceeded 280,000 SHP, and therefore, needed 6 shafts, due to the 70,000 SHP limitation.
Ger/BB/1923, Germany Battleship laid down 1923
Displacement:
97,663 t light; 101,677 t standard; 109,003 t normal; 114,864 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,088.99 ft / 1,085.00 ft x 140.00 ft x 39.00 ft (normal load)
331.92 m / 330.71 m x 42.67 m x 11.89 m
Armament:
9 - 19.75" / 502 mm guns (3x3 guns), 3,851.87lbs / 1,747.18kg shells, 1923 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (8x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1923 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 36,395 lbs / 16,508 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 92 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 11.0" / 279 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 286,803 shp / 213,955 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 13,187 tons
Complement:
2,999 - 3,899
Cost:
£24.965 million / $99.859 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,549 tons, 4.2 %
Armour: 39,401 tons, 36.1 %
- Belts: 9,190 tons, 8.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,525 tons, 2.3 %
- Armament: 9,674 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 17,127 tons, 15.7 %
- Conning Tower: 885 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 9,586 tons, 8.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 44,127 tons, 40.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 11,340 tons, 10.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
184,728 lbs / 83,791 Kg = 48.0 x 19.8 " / 502 mm shells or 32.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.05
Metacentric height 9.1 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 19.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 73 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.85
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.46
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.644
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.75 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 32.94 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 38.00 ft / 11.58 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Mid (0 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Stern: 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Average freeboard: 33.48 ft / 10.20 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 242.6 %
Waterplane Area: 115,725 Square feet or 10,751 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 276 lbs/sq ft or 1,348 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.19
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
An odd design: GB/BB/1912 CDV design study
My friend Cliff conceived of a flush-decked ship, in the period before the outbreak of war, that would function as a coast defense vessel. The salient feature was that there were two triple turrets, giving a total of 6-12/50 guns and a secondary battery of 8-6in QF guns in casemates. The armor basis was 14 inches. I actually was able to tweak the design, by raising the freeboard a couple of feet, to get a good ship, although Springsharp doesn't like the fact that the composite strength is so great (1.76).
GB/BB/1912 CDV Design Study, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1912
Displacement:
26,980 t light; 27,904 t standard; 29,000 t normal; 29,876 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
620.00 ft / 620.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 27.70 ft (normal load)
188.98 m / 188.98 m x 30.48 m x 8.44 m
Armament:
6 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x3 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1912 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1912 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 6,048 lbs / 2,743 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 325.00 ft / 99.06 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 81 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 325.00 ft / 99.06 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 40,477 shp / 30,196 Kw = 22.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,971 tons
Complement:
1,110 - 1,444
Cost:
£1.805 million / $7.221 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 756 tons, 2.6 %
Armour: 9,632 tons, 33.2 %
- Belts: 3,581 tons, 12.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 625 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 1,813 tons, 6.3 %
- Armour Deck: 3,327 tons, 11.5 %
- Conning Tower: 285 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 1,614 tons, 5.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,979 tons, 51.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,019 tons, 7.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
56,363 lbs / 25,566 Kg = 65.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 14.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.22
Metacentric height 7.2 ft / 2.2 m
Roll period: 15.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.11
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.591
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.20 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.90 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Mid (0 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m (0.00 ft / 0.00 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Stern: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Average freeboard: 13.88 ft / 4.23 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 48.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 64.1 %
Waterplane Area: 44,966 Square feet or 4,177 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 153 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 262 lbs/sq ft or 1,280 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.80
- Longitudinal: 1.75
- Overall: 1.76
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
What seems to work well for warship design with Springsharp
A large warship with a good deal of length, considerable freeboard, not too high speed, moderate guns and armor, and a not too great a displacement for the dimensions will produce a ship that has good seakeeping abilities. If you hit things just right, you might even not have too light a structure. My Ger/CB/1905 design, as I presented it yesterday evening, is a good example. My original intent was for a 19,000 ton normal displacement. That was just too light for Springsharp. I was able to use everything from my original specifications (or at least the 1973 version of them). The only thing that I had to do was let the displacement grow. The standard displacement is still pretty well in line with what I had hoped.
Thursday, January 13, 2005
Yet another Ger/CB/1915 design study (E1)
The Ger/CB/1915 E1 design study was a large, Hood-like ship, except with 9-16.5in/45 guns and 10-6in/50 QF guns. The armor is decidely on the Lion scale. The ship is fast: 33 knots. Partly because of that, and the size of the guns, the design is not as good in Springsharp. Overall, the ship is "pretty good" (only).
Ger/CB/1915 Design Study E1, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1915
Displacement:
47,513 t light; 49,676 t standard; 54,481 t normal; 58,325 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
850.61 ft / 850.00 ft x 110.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
259.27 m / 259.08 m x 33.53 m x 10.06 m
Armament:
9 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
10 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 21,295 lbs / 9,659 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 670.00 ft / 204.22 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 121 % of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 7.00" / 178 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 257,581 shp / 192,156 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,649 tons
Complement:
1,782 - 2,317
Cost:
£7.658 million / $30.632 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,662 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 11,743 tons, 21.6 %
- Belts: 4,243 tons, 7.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 3,331 tons, 6.1 %
- Armour Deck: 3,860 tons, 7.1 %
- Conning Tower: 310 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 9,757 tons, 17.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 23,352 tons, 42.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,968 tons, 12.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
63,398 lbs / 28,757 Kg = 28.2 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 3.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 17.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.95
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.11
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak, low quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.618
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.73 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 47
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Mid (63 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m (25.00 ft / 7.62 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m (25.00 ft / 7.62 m before break)
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 29.98 ft / 9.14 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 225.2 %
Waterplane Area: 69,541 Square feet or 6,461 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 231 lbs/sq ft or 1,130 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.51
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
I just took another try at my Ger/CB/1905 design
Springsharp says of my Ger/CB/1905 design: "Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily". Springsharp also says: "Design well balanced for a battleship or cruiser". The only thing that I didn't care for was having to bloat the displacement to achieve sufficient hull strength: 22,799 tons, normal load. I was able to fill in almost the exact details from a good drawing from 18 July 1973. The only complaint was cramped space below the waterline, and that is not as severe as sometimes.
Ger/CB/1905a2, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1905
Displacement:
20,034 t light; 20,665 t standard; 22,799 t normal; 24,507 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
700.00 ft / 700.00 ft x 80.00 ft x 24.40 ft (normal load)
213.36 m / 213.36 m x 24.38 m x 7.44 m
Armament:
4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 3,840 lbs / 1,742 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 375.00 ft / 114.30 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 375.00 ft / 114.30 m 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 7.00" / 178 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 93,945 shp / 70,083 Kw = 29.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,842 tons
Complement:
927 - 1,206
Cost:
£2.101 million / $8.403 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 480 tons, 2.1 %
Armour: 4,459 tons, 19.6 %
- Belts: 1,051 tons, 4.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 305 tons, 1.3 %
- Armament: 794 tons, 3.5 %
- Armour Deck: 2,239 tons, 9.8 %
- Conning Tower: 69 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 7,117 tons, 31.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,978 tons, 35.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,765 tons, 12.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
18,864 lbs / 8,556 Kg = 21.8 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.30
Metacentric height 5.7 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 14.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.34
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.28
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.584
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.75 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Mid (50 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m (0.00 ft / 0.00 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 21.99 ft / 6.70 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 155.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 161.7 %
Waterplane Area: 40,349 Square feet or 3,749 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 135 lbs/sq ft or 657 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.04
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
The bloated, reduced capability "Super Fast Battlecruiser"
In order to get acceptable seakeeping ability, I had to greatly lengthen the "Super Fast Battlecruiser", give it greater beam, and reduce speed to 37 knots (still quite fast, but not like I wanted). I also increased the freeboard, and slightly lengthed the forecastle.
GB/CB/SuperFast A2, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1921
Displacement:
37,159 t light; 38,389 t standard; 39,712 t normal; 40,770 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
930.65 ft / 930.00 ft x 112.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
283.66 m / 283.46 m x 34.14 m x 9.75 m
Armament:
4 - 17.00" / 432 mm guns in single mounts, 2,456.50lbs / 1,114.25kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1921 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 10,338 lbs / 4,689 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 75
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 425.00 ft / 129.54 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 70 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 425.00 ft / 129.54 m 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1.50" / 38 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 324,033 shp / 241,728 Kw = 38.00 kts
Range 3,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,381 tons
Complement:
1,406 - 1,828
Cost:
£10.050 million / $40.200 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,292 tons, 3.3 %
Armour: 5,342 tons, 13.5 %
- Belts: 1,229 tons, 3.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 425 tons, 1.1 %
- Armament: 1,890 tons, 4.8 %
- Armour Deck: 1,798 tons, 4.5 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 11,158 tons, 28.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,367 tons, 48.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,553 tons, 6.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
38,780 lbs / 17,590 Kg = 15.8 x 17.0 " / 432 mm shells or 4.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 7.7 ft / 2.4 m
Roll period: 16.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.49
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.13
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.417
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.30 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.50 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 55
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Mid (47 %): 35.00 ft / 10.67 m (27.00 ft / 8.23 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Stern: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
- Average freeboard: 28.90 ft / 8.81 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 140.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 266.2 %
Waterplane Area: 64,803 Square feet or 6,020 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 204 lbs/sq ft or 996 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.32
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
I'm pretty curious why I was able to do the "Super Fast Battlecruiser" in Springsharp so painlessly
When I tried to make the "Super Fast Battlecruiser" work in my Warship General Design program, I struggled with it. I did not take very long to make it work in Springsharp. I must admit to be doing better with Springsharp. I have a pretty good idea about how to at least get past the stability and structural issues. Seakeeping is another thing. I really should go back and hack some more on my specification, to see if I can get at least a passable seakeeping ability.
Wednesday, January 12, 2005
I'm not sure what it says about Springsharp, but I made the Super-Fast Battlecruiser "work"
It isn't pretty, but by increasing the beam and displacement, I was able to design a 40-knot ship to carry 4-17in/45 and 16-4in guns. It "sort of works", if you don't mind unseaworthiness. I keep seeing correctable problems, which I have iterated over (mistakes in filling out the specs).
GB/CB/SuperFast, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1921
Displacement:
37,862 t light; 39,107 t standard; 40,431 t normal; 41,490 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
800.58 ft / 800.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
244.02 m / 243.84 m x 27.43 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
4 - 17.00" / 432 mm guns in single mounts, 2,456.50lbs / 1,114.25kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1921 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 10,338 lbs / 4,689 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 75
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 425.00 ft / 129.54 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 425.00 ft / 129.54 m 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 1.50" / 38 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 8 shafts, 480,197 shp / 358,227 Kw = 40.00 kts
Range 3,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,383 tons
Complement:
1,425 - 1,853
Cost:
£12.029 million / $48.116 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,292 tons, 3.2 %
Armour: 4,902 tons, 12.1 %
- Belts: 1,193 tons, 2.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 425 tons, 1.1 %
- Armament: 1,776 tons, 4.4 %
- Armour Deck: 1,508 tons, 3.7 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 16,536 tons, 40.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,132 tons, 37.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,569 tons, 6.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
18,394 lbs / 8,343 Kg = 7.5 x 17.0 " / 432 mm shells or 1.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 5.5 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 16.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 33 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.72
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 0.39
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.634
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.89 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 66 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 57
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Mid (45 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m (25.00 ft / 7.62 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
- Average freeboard: 26.36 ft / 8.03 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 200.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 201.2 %
Waterplane Area: 54,350 Square feet or 5,049 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 84 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 184 lbs/sq ft or 898 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.11
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Caution: Lacks seaworthiness - very limited seakeeping ability
The ships that I have been posting about are from a particular scenario
Back a long time ago, my friend Cliff and I played an extended game of planning warship building programs for Great Britain and Germany, for a purely seawar to kick off about August 1914 (not very imaginative). We went from a standing start, with nothing built, in 1905, and planned as far as 1916. There were many design studies done, as well as you could without computers or calculators, even. The approach was to use ship powering data and weight distributions from books as a basis for design. We went pretty far wrong with ship power calculations, although the more moderate ones, where we had example ships, were not that terrible. I started to do more useful calculations in 2001 , using Excel spreadsheets, and using Frank Fox's method for power calculations, based on Taylor's The Speed and Power of Ships, and Morton Gertler's book. I am using that system in my Warship General Design program. The eventual goal, however unrealistic it is, is to be able to design ships, construct 3D models, and use them in naval war campaign games to test the designs. I think that is a worth goal, if hard to achieve.
Tuesday, January 11, 2005
Cliff's GB/DT/1914 design
My friend Cliff invented a warship designation. It is essentially like a German torpedo boat, of the small destroyer type. It is an odd beast, as I have not seen such a low composite strength be acceptable to Springsharp:
GB/DT/1914, Great Britain Destroyer-Torpedo boat (DT) laid down 1914
Displacement:
959 t light; 985 t standard; 1,068 t normal; 1,134 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
266.70 ft / 265.00 ft x 28.00 ft x 11.00 ft (normal load)
81.29 m / 80.77 m x 8.53 m x 3.35 m
Armament:
1 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing gun in deck mount
on centreline forward, 1 raised gun
Weight of broadside 32 lbs / 15 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 250
9 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 27,304 shp / 20,369 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 1,650nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 149 tons
Complement:
93 - 121
Cost:
£0.156 million / $0.623 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4 tons, 0.4 %
Machinery: 610 tons, 57.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 346 tons, 32.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 109 tons, 10.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
290 lbs / 132 Kg = 9.1 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
Metacentric height 0.8 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 12.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.09
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.458
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 57
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Mid (0 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Stern: 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Average freeboard: 15.21 ft / 4.64 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 187.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 23.0 %
Waterplane Area: 4,764 Square feet or 443 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 50 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 29 lbs/sq ft or 144 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.52
- Longitudinal: 4.98
- Overall: 0.65
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
This is another odd result: the Ger/BB/1907 Design Study A1
I have this Italian-looking German battleship design. I'm calling it the Ger/BB/1907 Design Study A1. The ship has 15-11in/45 guns (43 tons). That is the main feature of the ship. I had only allowed for 20 knots, but in Springsharp, I got 25 knots on a smaller displacement. Not only that, it is a good seaboat:
Ger/BB/1907 Design Study A1, Germany Battleship laid down 1907
Displacement:
24,685 t light; 25,871 t standard; 27,398 t normal; 28,618 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
580.00 ft / 580.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
176.78 m / 176.78 m x 30.48 m x 10.06 m
Armament:
15 - 11.00" / 279 mm guns (5 mounts), 665.50lbs / 301.87kg shells, 1907 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, evenly spread, 11 raised guns
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1907 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
6 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 11,279 lbs / 5,116 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 376.00 ft / 114.60 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 375.00 ft / 114.30 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 63,228 shp / 47,168 Kw = 25.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,747 tons
Complement:
1,064 - 1,384
Cost:
£2.551 million / $10.205 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,410 tons, 5.1 %
Armour: 8,942 tons, 32.6 %
- Belts: 3,167 tons, 11.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 777 tons, 2.8 %
- Armament: 3,032 tons, 11.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,789 tons, 6.5 %
- Conning Tower: 176 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 3,593 tons, 13.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,741 tons, 39.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,713 tons, 9.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
32,510 lbs / 14,746 Kg = 48.9 x 11.0 " / 279 mm shells or 5.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.01
Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 18.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 67 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.69
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.34
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.501
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (43 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 23.44 ft / 7.14 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 158.1 %
Waterplane Area: 38,679 Square feet or 3,593 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 189 lbs/sq ft or 922 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.21
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Thanks to Ian Ross-Gowan (Springsharp), I'm adding roll period to my program
Ian Ross-Gowan gave me his roll period formula so that I can add that to my program. I am really curious to compare results for the same ship design in the two programs.
Hull weights for a strong ship
I will be interested to compare what I think should be adequate hull weights for ships compared to what Springsharp "thinks". My position is that ships with a moderate girder length (less than 15) should be able to use a hull weight of Length x Beam x Hull Depth x 3.0 x 10^-3, and that should do the job. By my calculations, the Queen Elizabeth class battleships had factors of about 2.85 x 10^-3, which would have given a lighter structure. I assumed that was acceptable due to the small girder length for the hull depth.
Monday, January 10, 2005
I can make the Ger/CB/1905 design study C2 work
By increasing the displacement, my flush-decked battlecruiser could make 27 knots. I increased the freeboard, and then the displacement. It really is large for the length and beam: 28,205 tons normal displacement. A nasty feature of Springsharp is that some parameters can disappear, if you change some other parameter, and sometimes, I'm afraid, I neglect to specify the number of rounds per gun in the main armament. I hope I have all that this time.
Ger/CB/1905 Design Study C2, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
24,962 t light; 25,901 t standard; 28,205 t normal; 30,048 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
571.00 ft / 570.00 ft x 94.00 ft x 28.00 ft (normal load)
174.04 m / 173.74 m x 28.65 m x 8.53 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns in single mounts, 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 94,863 shp / 70,768 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 4,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,147 tons
Complement:
1,087 - 1,414
Cost:
£2.742 million / $10.967 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 3.6 %
Armour: 7,048 tons, 25.0 %
- Belts: 2,618 tons, 9.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 493 tons, 1.7 %
- Armament: 2,208 tons, 7.8 %
- Armour Deck: 1,530 tons, 5.4 %
- Conning Tower: 200 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 7,187 tons, 25.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,701 tons, 34.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,243 tons, 11.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
25,590 lbs / 11,608 Kg = 29.6 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 3.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 5.7 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.58
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.03
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.658
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.06 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.87 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (23.00 ft / 7.01 m aft of break)
- Mid (0 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.36 ft / 7.73 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 139.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 183.4 %
Waterplane Area: 41,347 Square feet or 3,841 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 164 lbs/sq ft or 800 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.94
- Longitudinal: 1.73
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
For my alternate Ger/CB/1905, it didn't work so well
My alternate design study for a German 1905 battlecruiser Ger/CB/1905 C1 didn't work out so well. I had optimistically hoped for 27 knots, but I was only able to reasonably make 26 knots and then by inflating the displacement and dimensions. I don't know what my originally intended protection was, but the weight was 7,284 tons, and my new design has 6,919 tons, so it is pretty close. The armor basis is 10in. To make this work at all, it had to have oil-fired boilers and direct-drive turbines with four shafts (pretty standard). I already have posted a drawing of this ship, although it was some time ago.
Ger/CB/1905 Design Study C1, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
22,911 t light; 23,853 t standard; 26,040 t normal; 27,789 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
571.00 ft / 570.00 ft x 94.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
174.04 m / 173.74 m x 28.65 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns in single mounts, 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 76,489 shp / 57,061 Kw = 26.00 kts
Range 4,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,936 tons
Complement:
1,024 - 1,332
Cost:
£2.475 million / $9.900 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 3.9 %
Armour: 6,919 tons, 26.6 %
- Belts: 2,613 tons, 10.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 493 tons, 1.9 %
- Armament: 2,132 tons, 8.2 %
- Armour Deck: 1,491 tons, 5.7 %
- Conning Tower: 189 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 5,795 tons, 22.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,172 tons, 35.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,129 tons, 12.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
26,833 lbs / 12,171 Kg = 31.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 3.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 5.7 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 16.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.07
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.630
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.06 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.87 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Mid (0 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Stern: 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Average freeboard: 23.24 ft / 7.08 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 129.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.4 %
Waterplane Area: 40,296 Square feet or 3,744 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 162 lbs/sq ft or 792 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.58
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
An alternate Ger/BB/1905 design study C1
I started to make this a coal-fired reciprocating engine battleship that can make 19 knots. The hull is flush-decked and the bridgework looks like a 1919 British battleship, except this is a German ship. The turrets are superfiring and the secondary armament is in casemates on the upper deck. The foremast is a tripod with a large top with firecontrol director and the mainmast is a heavy pole. The Springsharp report looks pretty good. A nasty feature of reciprocating engines is that it is not easy to increase the speed. I changed to direct-drive turbines, and 21 knots was easily possible. I kept the coal-fired boilers.
Ger/BB/1905 C1 Design Study, Germany Battleship laid down 1905
Displacement:
17,520 t light; 17,910 t standard; 19,510 t normal; 20,790 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
491.00 ft / 490.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 28.00 ft (normal load)
149.66 m / 149.35 m x 27.43 m x 8.53 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 0
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 319.00 ft / 97.23 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 300.00 ft / 91.44 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 28,273 shp / 21,092 Kw = 21.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,880 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
825 - 1,073
Cost:
£1.805 million / $7.220 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 5.3 %
Armour: 6,630 tons, 34.0 %
- Belts: 2,717 tons, 13.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 433 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 2,151 tons, 11.0 %
- Armour Deck: 1,142 tons, 5.9 %
- Conning Tower: 187 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 2,356 tons, 12.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,508 tons, 38.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,990 tons, 10.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
23,607 lbs / 10,708 Kg = 27.3 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.00
Metacentric height 4.3 ft / 1.3 m
Roll period: 18.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.39
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.553
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.44 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.14 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (0 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 19.42 ft / 5.92 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 134.3 %
Waterplane Area: 30,864 Square feet or 2,867 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 172 lbs/sq ft or 841 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.09
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
I will be interested to compare results between my program and Springsharp
Springsharp is really a good contribution to those who would like to design their own warships. Springstyle was a valiant attempt, but had many shortcomings. For example, I couldn't make the Queen Elizabeth class battleships work, using their specifications. That was partly the motivation for me to add my own warship general design code on top of my power calculation code. I was also determined to be able to specify my own values for as much as possible, while keeping some automatic calculations of a few things. I had found the Springstyle approach where the hull structure was reduced, rather than changing the draft or displacement, when adding features. Now that I have a good deal of data, I am curious as to the differences between my results and the Springsharp results. (Springstyle seems to be not as easy to find, if it is still available).
Sunday, January 09, 2005
I took another run at the Ger/CB/1915 design
I found a nice drawing (inboard profile and cross section of the hull, amidships, with armor thicknesses labeled. I couldn't ignore that, so I tried a 35 knot version. Except for being large, I like how it turned out. The ship has a tower foremast and three funnels. There are two triple 16.5in turrets forward (one superfiring), and four triple 6in turrets aft.
Ger/CB/1915 D1, Germany Enter ship type laid down 1915
Displacement:
46,288 t light; 48,180 t standard; 52,997 t normal; 56,850 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
901.89 ft / 900.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
274.90 m / 274.32 m x 30.48 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
6 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all aft, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 14,772 lbs / 6,701 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 72 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 316,605 shp / 236,187 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,670 tons
Complement:
1,746 - 2,270
Cost:
£7.055 million / $28.219 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,847 tons, 3.5 %
Armour: 10,889 tons, 20.5 %
- Belts: 2,417 tons, 4.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 435 tons, 0.8 %
- Armament: 2,517 tons, 4.8 %
- Armour Deck: 5,276 tons, 10.0 %
- Conning Tower: 243 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 11,993 tons, 22.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 21,560 tons, 40.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,709 tons, 12.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
62,316 lbs / 28,266 Kg = 27.7 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 5.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 6.2 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 16.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.94
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.11
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.687
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Mid (74 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m (25.00 ft / 7.62 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 31.16 ft / 9.50 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 124.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 246.2 %
Waterplane Area: 71,302 Square feet or 6,624 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 205 lbs/sq ft or 1,003 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.32
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
I thought it would be interesting to see a "Maximum Battleship"
My concept of a "Maximum Battleship" includes 24in guns. Such weapons were perfectly possible. The Germans could and did build guns of that order of size or bigger. I would use quadruple turrets, as well, so I could have 12-24in/45 guns. The secondary armament of 24-5in/50 seems too small, but that is what I chose. I only used an 18in armor basis. 32 knots was easy to achieve. The only thing I can see wrong is that Springsharp doesn't like the idea of a 24in gun. Either that, or there is some fault in my design that makes it not work with a 24in gun, but I can't tell that from the report.
GB/BB/1923a1, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1923
Displacement:
172,454 t light; 181,000 t standard; 191,873 t normal; 200,571 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,354.47 ft / 1,350.00 ft x 180.00 ft x 42.00 ft (normal load)
412.84 m / 411.48 m x 54.86 m x 12.80 m
Armament:
12 - 24.00" / 610 mm guns (3x4 guns), 6,912.00lbs / 3,135.23kg shells, 1923 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1923 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 84,444 lbs / 38,303 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 880.00 ft / 268.22 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 12.0" / 305 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 9.00" / 229 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 8 shafts, 440,514 shp / 328,624 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 19,571 tons
Complement:
4,583 - 5,959
Cost:
£49.349 million / $197.396 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10,556 tons, 5.5 %
Armour: 59,807 tons, 31.2 %
- Belts: 13,658 tons, 7.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 13,637 tons, 7.1 %
- Armour Deck: 31,222 tons, 16.3 %
- Conning Tower: 1,290 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 14,723 tons, 7.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 87,369 tons, 45.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 19,418 tons, 10.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
310,609 lbs / 140,890 Kg = 44.9 x 24.0 " / 610 mm shells or 11.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 15.2 ft / 4.6 m
Roll period: 19.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 68 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.77
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.36
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.658
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.50 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 36.74 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 42.00 ft / 12.80 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Mid (0 %): 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Stern: 37.00 ft / 11.28 m
- Average freeboard: 37.40 ft / 11.40 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 66.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 288.4 %
Waterplane Area: 187,520 Square feet or 17,421 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 359 lbs/sq ft or 1,754 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.06
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Warning: Calibre too large - Main battery
I could make the 60,000 ton Ger/BB/1915 work with little problem, as well
I thought I would see what happened with a nominally 60,000 ton version of the Ger/BB/1915, as that was what I had originally envisioned. I wasn't able to do 60,000 tons, but I was able to make 61,475 tons work, and still get 23 knots. I had been happy to get 20 knots, so 23 knots is gravy. Remember that this is a ship with 9-18in/45 and 24-5in/50 guns.
Ger/BB/1915 A0, Germany Battleship laid down 1915
Displacement:
54,583 t light; 57,059 t standard; 61,475 t normal; 65,008 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
751.22 ft / 750.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 36.00 ft (normal load)
228.97 m / 228.60 m x 39.62 m x 10.97 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
Main guns limited to end-on fire
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (2x12 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 27,744 lbs / 12,584 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.50" / 64 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 15.0" / 381 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 72,903 shp / 54,386 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,949 tons
Complement:
1,951 - 2,537
Cost:
£7.578 million / $30.314 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,468 tons, 5.6 %
Armour: 21,880 tons, 35.6 %
- Belts: 4,781 tons, 7.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,184 tons, 1.9 %
- Armament: 6,030 tons, 9.8 %
- Armour Deck: 9,347 tons, 15.2 %
- Conning Tower: 537 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 2,761 tons, 4.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 26,474 tons, 43.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,892 tons, 11.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
107,694 lbs / 48,849 Kg = 36.9 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 19.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.00
Metacentric height 7.4 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 20.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 92 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.09
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.83
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.613
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.77 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Mid (0 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Stern: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Average freeboard: 30.40 ft / 9.27 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 67.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 211.4 %
Waterplane Area: 72,180 Square feet or 6,706 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 111 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 265 lbs/sq ft or 1,296 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.15
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
My Ger/BB/1915 design, which I had intended to produce, is better than I expected
I have this battleship design (Ger/BB/1915), which seems to be like a buoy. I had only expected to be able to get 20 knots from the ship, but I can get 27 knots. The dimensions are 750ft x 130ft x 36ft, with a 72,000 ton displacement. I had originally thought it would be 60,000 tons, but I had increased the displacement to be able to carry heavy guns and armor. With geared turbines in 1915, the cost to get 27 knots was minimal. The "Performance" page was already complaining about the design "underperforming" for the displacement. The ship is EXTREMELY short for the displacement, but that was intentional to keep the citadel short. I have a really nice looking drawing that looks like a WWII US Battleship, with two funnels and a tower mast.
Ger/BB/1915 A1, Germany Battleship laid down 1915
Displacement:
64,621 t light; 67,307 t standard; 72,005 t normal; 75,764 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
751.22 ft / 750.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 36.00 ft (normal load)
228.97 m / 228.60 m x 39.62 m x 10.97 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (2x12 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 27,744 lbs / 12,584 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 156,360 shp / 116,645 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 8,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,457 tons
Complement:
2,197 - 2,857
Cost:
£8.733 million / $34.932 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,468 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 27,640 tons, 38.4 %
- Belts: 7,059 tons, 9.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,740 tons, 2.4 %
- Armament: 6,492 tons, 9.0 %
- Armour Deck: 11,752 tons, 16.3 %
- Conning Tower: 597 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 5,923 tons, 8.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 27,590 tons, 38.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,385 tons, 10.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
113,277 lbs / 51,382 Kg = 38.8 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 19.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.04
Metacentric height 8.0 ft / 2.4 m
Roll period: 19.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.78
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.25
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.718
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.77 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Mid (0 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Stern: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Average freeboard: 30.40 ft / 9.27 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 206.5 %
Waterplane Area: 79,407 Square feet or 7,377 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 257 lbs/sq ft or 1,252 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.94
- Longitudinal: 1.92
- Overall: 1.01
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Not just a design study: Ger/BB/1916 B1
Apparently, I was planning to build two of these ships (Ger/BB/1916), to be laid down in August 1915, to be launched in December 1916, and completed in December 1917. These two ships were designated "AA" and "AB". I projected a third ship, "AC". These were monsters that were really too short and slow. My friend Cliff and I had thought that you could use 20 knot ships for North Sea battling. The main feature of this design was 10-21in/45 guns with a 24-5in/50 secondary armament. I had originally projected armor of 36,874 tons, but my Springsharp design has 37,123 tons. I had optimistically hoped for 80,000 tons, but the Springsharp design came out a bit larger (98,280 tons, normal).
Ger/BB/1916 Design Study A1, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1916
Displacement:
88,205 t light; 92,309 t standard; 98,280 t normal; 103,057 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
903.22 ft / 900.00 ft x 150.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
275.30 m / 274.32 m x 45.72 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
10 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (4 mounts), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 47,805 lbs / 21,684 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 94 % of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 17.0" / 432 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 15.00" / 381 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 59,093 shp / 44,083 Kw = 20.00 kts
Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,748 tons
Complement:
2,774 - 3,607
Cost:
£13.770 million / $55.080 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,976 tons, 6.1 %
Armour: 37,123 tons, 37.8 %
- Belts: 8,017 tons, 8.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 12,002 tons, 12.2 %
- Armour Deck: 16,416 tons, 16.7 %
- Conning Tower: 688 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,202 tons, 2.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 42,904 tons, 43.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 10,075 tons, 10.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
190,353 lbs / 86,343 Kg = 41.1 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 10.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.02
Metacentric height 9.6 ft / 2.9 m
Roll period: 20.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 78 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.97
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.56
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.728
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 33 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Mid (0 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Stern: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Average freeboard: 32.24 ft / 9.83 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 53.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 243.7 %
Waterplane Area: 110,919 Square feet or 10,305 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 300 lbs/sq ft or 1,463 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.58
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Saturday, January 08, 2005
Designing warships is an addiction for me
I have been binging on using Springsharp to refine my warship designs from 30 years ago (as well as designing new ships). I have a number of alternate history building programs that I have developed. I intend to pull them together into Word documents, with such pictures that are available, and provide them for download. As my free time is limited these days, it will take a while to do the work. I had the start on them in 2002, when I lost a hard disk, with no suitable backup. I only have hard copy, at this point.
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