HMS Mercury, Great Britain 2nd Class Cruiser laid down 1910
Displacement:
3,577 t light; 3,761 t standard; 4,300 t normal; 4,732 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
318.05 ft / 315.00 ft x 46.00 ft x 20.50 ft (normal load)
96.94 m / 96.01 m x 14.02 m x 6.25 m
Armament:
10 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (5x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side ends, majority forward
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
16 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns in one mount, 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mount
on side aft, 8 raised guns
16 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in one mount, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mount
on side, 12 raised guns
Weight of broadside 1,371 lbs / 622 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 260.00 ft / 79.25 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 127 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 260.00 ft / 79.25 m 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 15,138 shp / 11,293 Kw = 22.00 kts
Range 4,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 971 tons
Complement:
265 - 345
Cost:
£0.357 million / $1.427 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 171 tons, 4.0 %
Armour: 1,325 tons, 30.8 %
- Belts: 426 tons, 9.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 183 tons, 4.3 %
- Armament: 334 tons, 7.8 %
- Armour Deck: 359 tons, 8.4 %
- Conning Tower: 23 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 626 tons, 14.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,455 tons, 33.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 723 tons, 16.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
5,321 lbs / 2,413 Kg = 49.3 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.03
Metacentric height 1.7 ft / 0.5 m
Roll period: 15.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.76
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.03
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.507
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.85 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.75 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Mid (50 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Stern: 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Average freeboard: 14.48 ft / 4.41 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 138.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 97.7 %
Waterplane Area: 9,713 Square feet or 902 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 88 lbs/sq ft or 428 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.90
- Longitudinal: 2.65
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
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Friday, October 14, 2005
My anachronistic HMS Mercury design
I have an anachronistic version of HMS Mercury, an early 2nd Class Cruiser. Her sister was the Iris. My version, being built, or rebuilt later, is much more capable. This version is a compact convoy cruiser with modest speed and range. This is the Springsharp report:
The British 15-year building program (for a game)
I speculated about what a 15-year British building program might look like:
30 battleships 60 fleet minesweepers
12 battlecruisers 120 coastal minesweepers
30 heavy cruisers 30 fleet tugs
60 light cruisers 90 harbor tugs
120 destroyers 15 destroyer depot ships
15 aircraft carriers 10 submarine depot ships
60 submarines 6 repair ships
8 cruiser minelayers 45 fleet oilers
60 sloops 24 transports
15 seaplane tenders
15 seaplane carriers
1919 guns
My list of 1919 guns:
19in/45 Shot=3,900 lbs wt of piece=205 tons 18in/45 Shot=3,324 lbs wt of piece=178 tons 17in/45 Shot=2,800 lbs wt of piece=147 tons
A large, but more moderate sized German battleship
As I had a sparcer specification, I decided to go with what I would presently choose, except for the bare dimensions from 1999. They were 75,000 tons, 1002ft x 132ft x 36ft, Cp=0.58, Cm=0.95. The rest, I filled in like I would do now. I thought that 18in guns would be appropriate for a 75,000 ton ships. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1941, Germany Battleship laid down 1941
Displacement:
68,639 t light; 70,139 t standard; 75,000 t normal; 78,889 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,005.83 ft / 1,002.00 ft x 132.00 ft x 36.00 ft (normal load)
306.58 m / 305.41 m x 40.23 m x 10.97 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1941 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (6x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1941 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (8x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
56 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (14x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 16 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 28,167 lbs / 12,776 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 0
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 690.00 ft / 210.31 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 106 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 690.00 ft / 210.31 m 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 17.0" / 432 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
4th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
5th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 17.00" / 432 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 226,190 shp / 168,738 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 8,000nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,750 tons
Complement:
2,265 - 2,945
Cost:
£38.307 million / $153.229 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,521 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 29,488 tons, 39.3 %
- Belts: 8,446 tons, 11.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,681 tons, 3.6 %
- Armament: 5,741 tons, 7.7 %
- Armour Deck: 11,968 tons, 16.0 %
- Conning Tower: 651 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 5,978 tons, 8.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 29,653 tons, 39.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,361 tons, 8.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
126,395 lbs / 57,332 Kg = 43.3 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 24.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 10.4 ft / 3.2 m
Roll period: 17.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.44
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.24
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.551
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.59 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.65 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Mid (50 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Stern: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Average freeboard: 24.88 ft / 7.58 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 186.5 %
Waterplane Area: 92,418 Square feet or 8,586 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 240 lbs/sq ft or 1,173 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.03
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
The alternate very large German battleship
I used the alternative dimensions that I had proposed on March 3, 1999, except that I reduced the draft considerably. Instead of a bizarre 45ft draft, the design fit nicely with a 38ft draft, which is too much, but better. The specifications, as revised, are as follows:
Dimensions: 1128ft x 144ft x 38ft, with Coefficients: Cp=0.686 Cm=0.95 Armament: 9-21in/45, 12-6in/50 QF, 44-40mm AA guns, 6-20mm AA guns Speed=31 knots Protection: Belt=17in Decks=7in + 4inThis is the corresponding Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1942 alt-1, Germany Battleship laid down 1942
Displacement:
101,128 t light; 103,428 t standard; 115,000 t normal; 124,258 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,131.83 ft / 1,128.00 ft x 144.00 ft x 38.00 ft (normal load)
344.98 m / 343.81 m x 43.89 m x 11.58 m
Armament:
9 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns in single mounts, 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1942 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 3 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (1x12 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1942 Model
Quick firing guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on side amidships
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread
44 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (4 mounts), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side ends, evenly spread, 24 raised guns - superfiring
6 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 43,314 lbs / 19,647 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 0
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 750.00 ft / 228.60 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 750.00 ft / 228.60 m 44.00 ft / 13.41 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 11.0" / 279 mm 17.0" / 432 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
4th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
5th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 17.00" / 432 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 294,887 shp / 219,986 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 15,000nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 20,830 tons
Complement:
3,122 - 4,059
Cost:
£58.329 million / $233.314 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,414 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 40,021 tons, 34.8 %
- Belts: 9,263 tons, 8.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 4,884 tons, 4.2 %
- Armament: 8,863 tons, 7.7 %
- Armour Deck: 16,145 tons, 14.0 %
- Conning Tower: 866 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 7,703 tons, 6.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 47,989 tons, 41.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 13,872 tons, 12.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
199,861 lbs / 90,655 Kg = 43.2 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 45.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
Metacentric height 12.6 ft / 3.8 m
Roll period: 17.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 58 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.42
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.16
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.652
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.83 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 33.59 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Mid (50 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Stern: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Average freeboard: 24.88 ft / 7.58 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 64.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 182.6 %
Waterplane Area: 124,672 Square feet or 11,582 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 116 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 299 lbs/sq ft or 1,460 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.27
- Longitudinal: 0.93
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Thursday, October 13, 2005
My Ger/BB/1942 very large battleship
I have a very large battleship design for the Germans from February 1999. I like my specifications for Springsharp better than what I had thought valid in 1999. The sketch is for a 115,000 ton ship of 31 knots with a 17in armor basis and 9-21in guns. My take on this is that it cannot be as good as Springsharp says. Otherwise, we would have built fleets of them. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1942, Germany Battleship laid down 1942
Displacement:
103,444 t light; 107,684 t standard; 115,000 t normal; 120,853 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,153.83 ft / 1,150.00 ft x 145.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
351.69 m / 350.52 m x 44.20 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
9 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (3x3 guns), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1942 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (6x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1942 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
44 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (11x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side ends, majority aft, 6 raised mounts - superfiring
6 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1942 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 43,314 lbs / 19,647 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 760.00 ft / 231.65 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 760.00 ft / 231.65 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 11.0" / 279 mm 17.0" / 432 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
4th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
5th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 17.00" / 432 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 299,679 shp / 223,560 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 9,000nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 13,168 tons
Complement:
3,122 - 4,059
Cost:
£58.956 million / $235.824 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,414 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 38,376 tons, 33.4 %
- Belts: 9,399 tons, 8.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 3,824 tons, 3.3 %
- Armament: 7,138 tons, 6.2 %
- Armour Deck: 17,149 tons, 14.9 %
- Conning Tower: 866 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 7,829 tons, 6.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 51,825 tons, 45.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 11,556 tons, 10.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
207,629 lbs / 94,179 Kg = 44.8 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 43.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.26
Metacentric height 13.3 ft / 4.1 m
Roll period: 16.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.44
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.19
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.690
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.93 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 33.91 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Mid (50 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Stern: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Average freeboard: 26.72 ft / 8.14 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 66.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 210.1 %
Waterplane Area: 132,421 Square feet or 12,302 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 118 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 308 lbs/sq ft or 1,502 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.23
- Longitudinal: 0.94
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
The family of 68pdr guns
On February 19, 1999, I put together a table of 68pdr guns for use in the my ship designs. This was a favorite ironclad shot weight:
Dia Shot wt Length Wt of piece length of piece projecting length MV 5.15in 68 lbs 25 2.28 tons 10ft-9in 6ft-5in 1,600 ft/sec 5.15in 68 lbs 30 2.73 tons 12ft-10in 7ft-9in 1,960 ft/sec 5.15in 68 lbs 35 3.19 tons 15ft 9ft 2,200 ft/sec 5.15in 68 lbs 40 3.64 tons 17ft-2in 10ft-4in 2,400 ft/sec 5.15in 68 lbs 45 4.1 tons 19ft-4in 11ft-7in 2,700 ft/sec 5.15in 68 lbs 50 4.55 tons 21ft-5in 12ft-10in 2,850 ft/sec
My anachronistic guns: 30 cal.
This is my list of guns for use in anachronistic designs. The guns are all of 30 cal length. The projecting length is the length of the piece that projects from the turret or shield. The guns range from a 68pdr up to a 17in, 98-ton gun:
Dia. Shot Length: Wt of piece Length in ft Projecting length 5.15in 68pdr 30 2.73 tons 12ft-10in 7ft-8in 5.85in 100pdr 30 4 tons 14ft-7in 8ft-9in 6.6in 143 lbs 30 5.75 tons 16ft-6in 9ft-11in 7in 171 lbs 30 6.86 tons 17ft-6in 10ft-6in 7.5in 210 lbs 30 8.44 tons 18ft-9in 11ft-3in 8in 256 lbs 30 10.24 tons 20ft 12ft 9in 364 lbs 30 14.6 tons 22ft-6in 13ft-6in 9.2in 389 lbs 30 15.6 tons 23ft 13ft-10in 10in 500 lbs 30 20 tons 25ft 15ft 11in 665 lbs 30 26.6 tons 27ft-6in 16ft-6in 12in 864 lbs 30 34.6 tons 30ft 18ft 12.5in 976 lbs 30 39 tons 31ft-3in 19ft-9in 13in 1098 lbs 30 44 tons 32ft-6in 19ft-6in 13.5in 1230 lbs 30 49 tons 33ft-9in 20ft-3in 14in 1372 lbs 30 55 tons 35ft 21ft 14.5in 1524 lbs 30 61 tons 36ft-3in 21ft-9in 15in 1687 lbs 30 67.5 tons 37ft-6in 22ft-6in 16in 2048 lbs 30 82 tons 40ft 24ft 16.25in 2145 lbs 30 86 tons 40ft-7in 24ft-4in 17in 2465 lbs 30 98 tons 42ft-6in 25ft-6in
The Nelson and Northampton
Continuing my series of anachronisms, I have the Nelson and Northampton, redesigned for 1910, but with a tower foremast, single funnel, flush deck and raked bow. The ships are now heavily armoured convoy cruisers with a long range. This is the Springsharp report:
Nelson class, Great Britain Belted cruiser laid down 1910
Displacement:
5,740 t light; 5,970 t standard; 7,473 t normal; 8,675 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
298.00 ft / 295.00 ft x 60.00 ft x 24.80 ft (normal load)
90.83 m / 89.92 m x 18.29 m x 7.56 m
Armament:
4 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (2x2 guns), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
10 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (5x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (3x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
Weight of broadside 1,672 lbs / 759 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 225.00 ft / 68.58 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 117 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 225.00 ft / 68.58 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,160 shp / 9,817 Kw = 19.00 kts
Range 7,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,705 tons
Complement:
401 - 522
Cost:
£0.453 million / $1.811 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 209 tons, 2.8 %
Armour: 2,978 tons, 39.9 %
- Belts: 1,162 tons, 15.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 287 tons, 3.8 %
- Armament: 731 tons, 9.8 %
- Armour Deck: 716 tons, 9.6 %
- Conning Tower: 82 tons, 1.1 %
Machinery: 544 tons, 7.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,009 tons, 26.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,733 tons, 23.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
14,627 lbs / 6,635 Kg = 57.1 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 4.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
Metacentric height 2.6 ft / 0.8 m
Roll period: 15.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.13
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.596
Length to Beam Ratio: 4.92 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.18 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Mid (50 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Stern: 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Average freeboard: 15.32 ft / 4.67 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 68.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 91.9 %
Waterplane Area: 12,895 Square feet or 1,198 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 130 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 100 lbs/sq ft or 489 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.87
- Longitudinal: 3.58
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Wednesday, October 12, 2005
My anchronistic HMS Inflexible
My HMS Inflexible came out as a flush-decked coast defense battleship, brought up to later standards, with a raked bow, flush-deck, tower mast, and more modern guns and turrets, as well as machinery. I used an armament of 4-13.5in BLR, 6-5.25in QF, 16-40mm AA, and 6-20mm AA guns. The armor basis is 14in. The maximum speed is just 18 knots with a 12 knot cruising speed. For a coast defense battleship, the range is long, so perhaps is it is a suitable convoy escort ship. This is another of my fun designs, with archaic dimensions with a modern look. This is the Springsharp report:
HMS Inflexible, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1910
Displacement:
10,283 t light; 10,750 t standard; 11,880 t normal; 12,784 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
346.94 ft / 344.00 ft x 75.00 ft x 25.50 ft (normal load)
105.75 m / 104.85 m x 22.86 m x 7.77 m
Armament:
4 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 5.25" / 133 mm guns (3x2 guns), 72.35lbs / 32.82kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (4x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 3 raised mounts
6 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 5,388 lbs / 2,444 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 75
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 225.00 ft / 68.58 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 225.00 ft / 68.58 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 7.00" / 178 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 13,537 shp / 10,099 Kw = 18.00 kts
Range 7,800nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,034 tons
Complement:
568 - 739
Cost:
£1.004 million / $4.016 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 673 tons, 5.7 %
Armour: 5,249 tons, 44.2 %
- Belts: 1,722 tons, 14.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 416 tons, 3.5 %
- Armament: 1,156 tons, 9.7 %
- Armour Deck: 1,798 tons, 15.1 %
- Conning Tower: 157 tons, 1.3 %
Machinery: 559 tons, 4.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,801 tons, 32.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,597 tons, 13.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
17,082 lbs / 7,748 Kg = 13.9 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 4.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
Metacentric height 3.7 ft / 1.1 m
Roll period: 16.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.46
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.632
Length to Beam Ratio: 4.59 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18.55 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Mid (50 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 13.40 ft / 4.08 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 84.7 %
Waterplane Area: 19,440 Square feet or 1,806 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 142 lbs/sq ft or 694 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.89
- Longitudinal: 2.75
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Tuesday, October 11, 2005
The "modernized" HMS Narcissus
My modernized HMS Narcissus is not a memorable design. It turned out as sort of a WWII-looking convoy cruiser with a 22 knot speed. The armament is 4-8in, 6-4inAA, 8-40mm AA, and 4-20mm AA guns. The belt is 8in with a 2in deck. It has 1.5in anti-torpedo bulkhead. The range is 6,500 miles at 12 knots. This is one of my series of designs that use old ship dimesions with an anachronistically modern look. The Narcissus has two funnels and a pole foremast and stub mainmast. This is the Springsharp report:
HMS Narcissus, Great Britain Belted Cruiser laid down 1910
Displacement:
4,816 t light; 5,015 t standard; 5,600 t normal; 6,068 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
317.10 ft / 315.00 ft x 56.00 ft x 22.50 ft (normal load)
96.65 m / 96.01 m x 17.07 m x 6.86 m
Armament:
4 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (2x2 guns), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (3x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 1 raised mount - superfiring
8 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all aft
4 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1910 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 1,233 lbs / 559 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 260.00 ft / 79.25 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 127 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 260.00 ft / 79.25 m 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 18,255 shp / 13,618 Kw = 22.00 kts
Range 6,500nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,054 tons
Complement:
323 - 420
Cost:
£0.404 million / $1.614 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 154 tons, 2.8 %
Armour: 2,151 tons, 38.4 %
- Belts: 1,030 tons, 18.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 303 tons, 5.4 %
- Armament: 331 tons, 5.9 %
- Armour Deck: 432 tons, 7.7 %
- Conning Tower: 54 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 754 tons, 13.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,757 tons, 31.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 784 tons, 14.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
8,437 lbs / 3,827 Kg = 33.0 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 2.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 2.6 ft / 0.8 m
Roll period: 14.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.32
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised quarterdeck
Block coefficient: 0.494
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.63 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.75 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 14.50 ft / 4.42 m
- Mid (50 %): 14.50 ft / 4.42 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.50 ft / 4.42 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m before break)
- Stern: 14.50 ft / 4.42 m
- Average freeboard: 14.93 ft / 4.55 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 101.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 99.0 %
Waterplane Area: 11,688 Square feet or 1,086 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 94 lbs/sq ft or 459 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.88
- Longitudinal: 3.19
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
My anachronistic HMS Southampton
I have this drawing that calls itself the HMS Southampton. It has a flush deck and twin funnels with a block superstructure. There are 3-triple turrets with 6in guns. It has torpedo tubes on the deck and a light AA armament. It actually works quite well. I actually can't understand why! I suppose it is the modest speed:
HMS Southampton, Great Britain Light Cruiser laid down 1911
Displacement:
4,699 t light; 4,867 t standard; 5,441 t normal; 5,900 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
455.70 ft / 454.00 ft x 50.00 ft x 16.00 ft (normal load)
138.90 m / 138.38 m x 15.24 m x 4.88 m
Armament:
9 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (3x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1911 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
4 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (2x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1911 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
20 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (5x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1911 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 4 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 1,139 lbs / 517 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 310.00 ft / 94.49 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 105 % of normal length
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 24,544 shp / 18,310 Kw = 25.00 kts
Range 6,700nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,033 tons
Complement:
316 - 411
Cost:
£0.424 million / $1.694 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 142 tons, 2.6 %
Armour: 1,583 tons, 29.1 %
- Belts: 827 tons, 15.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 157 tons, 2.9 %
- Armour Deck: 572 tons, 10.5 %
- Conning Tower: 27 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 996 tons, 18.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,977 tons, 36.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 742 tons, 13.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
7,825 lbs / 3,549 Kg = 72.4 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.24
Metacentric height 2.6 ft / 0.8 m
Roll period: 13.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 58 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.40
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.15
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.524
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.08 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21.31 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Mid (50 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 13.56 ft / 4.13 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 79.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 106.5 %
Waterplane Area: 15,467 Square feet or 1,437 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 85 lbs/sq ft or 416 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.18
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Monday, October 10, 2005
A Ger/BB/1939 16.5in design study
This is from the second series of design studies. As no gun caliber was specified, I thought it might be reasonable for it to have 18in guns, but that did not work well. I scaled back to 9-16.5in, 12-6in, and 12-4in AA guns. It seems to be rather underperforming, but it is the best that I could do. It probably is over-protected for the size. I realized that I still had an 18in armor basis. I scaled that back to 17in and raised the speed to 28 knots. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1939 16.5in, Germany Battleship laid down 1939
Displacement:
57,983 t light; 60,374 t standard; 63,608 t normal; 66,195 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
919.17 ft / 915.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
280.16 m / 278.89 m x 39.62 m x 10.36 m
Armament:
9 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1939 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (6x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1939 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (6x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
56 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (28x2 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
42 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns (21x2 guns), 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1939 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 14 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 21,991 lbs / 9,975 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 17.0" / 432 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
4th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
5th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 143,577 shp / 107,108 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 5,821 tons
Complement:
2,002 - 2,603
Cost:
£28.406 million / $113.626 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,749 tons, 4.3 %
Armour: 27,227 tons, 42.8 %
- Belts: 7,471 tons, 11.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,198 tons, 3.5 %
- Armament: 4,648 tons, 7.3 %
- Armour Deck: 12,292 tons, 19.3 %
- Conning Tower: 618 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 3,885 tons, 6.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 24,123 tons, 37.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,625 tons, 8.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
116,520 lbs / 52,853 Kg = 51.9 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 25.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
Metacentric height 10.9 ft / 3.3 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.30
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.20
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.550
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.04 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.25 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 44 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (50 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 20.88 ft / 6.36 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 62.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 158.0 %
Waterplane Area: 83,051 Square feet or 7,716 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 225 lbs/sq ft or 1,101 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.03
- Longitudinal: 0.99
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Sunday, October 09, 2005
The original design study series
The original design study series, which I have dubbed Ger/BB or CB/1937 contained 7 designs that fit within the series. This is a summary, as it was originallyh specified in February 1999:
D=30,015 tons 9-12in/50 L=741ft Cp=0.57 V=29 knots B=98ft Cm=0.94 Belt=11in d=27ft Deck=4in + 2in D=38,714 tons 9-15in/50 L=792ft Cp=0.575 V=28 knots B=108ft Cm=0.95 Belt=13in d=29ft Deck=4in + 2in D=46,132 tons 9-16in/50 L=814ft Cp=0.58 V=29 knots B=120ft Cm=0.95 Belt=14in d=30ft Deck=4in + 3in D=34,267 tons 9-14in/50 L=754ft Cp=0.575 V=28 knots B=104ft Cm=0.95 Belt=12in d=28ft Deck=4in + 2in D=41,519 tons L=814ft Cp=0.58 B=108ft Cm=0.95 d=30ft D=44,536 tons L=820ft Cp=0.58 B=115ft Cm=0.95 d=30ft D=47,593 tons L=854ft Cp=0.58 B=118ft Cm=0.95 d=30ft
2nd and 3rd Class Battleships
In the 1933-1945 period, I would call newly built battleships and battlecruisers with 11in and 12in guns 3rd Class ships. IN the 1880's and 1890's, some countries were actually building such ships, although most were created through aging of new construction. In the later period, such ships were often the result of treaties. The 11in-gun German panzerschiffe were a way to circumvent the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty drafters had envisioned coast defense battleships being built. They had not realized that German ingenuity, and cheating, would produce a much more capable design, although only at the low end of 3rd Class. Examples of 2nd or 3rd Class ships built or reconstructed were the following:
- Italian Conte de Cavour class and the Duilio class battleships through reconstruction
- French Dunkerque and Strasbourg
- German Scharnhorst and Gneisenau
- German Deutschland (later Lützow), Admiral Graf Spee, and Admiral Scheer
- US Alaska class
Saturday, October 08, 2005
A ship in the next series of design studies: Ger/BB/1939 12in
The next series of design studies also had a similar "template". They all would have separate secondary and AA guns, rather than DP guns. There was the usual tower mast, a single funnel, and triple turrets for the main armament. This is a design study from the low end of the range. This ship was a 12-inch gunned battleship of 30,298 tons with a 12in armor basis. The speed was a modest 27 knots. This was fast enough to fit the fast battleship formula, but low enough to have a modest impact on the design at this date. The secondary armament is 12-6in QF guns and the AA armament is 12-4in AA, 42-37mm AA, and 28-20mm AA guns. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1939 12in, Germany Battleship laid down 1939
Displacement:
26,876 t light; 27,976 t standard; 30,298 t normal; 32,155 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
719.10 ft / 715.00 ft x 98.00 ft x 28.00 ft (normal load)
219.18 m / 217.93 m x 29.87 m x 8.53 m
Armament:
9 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (3x3 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1939 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (6x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1939 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (6x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
42 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (21x2 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1939 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 16 raised mounts
28 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns (14x2 guns), 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1939 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 9,528 lbs / 4,322 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 470.00 ft / 143.26 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 470.00 ft / 143.26 m 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
4th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
5th: 1.00" / 25 mm - -
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 84,348 shp / 62,923 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 6,500nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,179 tons
Complement:
1,147 - 1,492
Cost:
£13.152 million / $52.609 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,191 tons, 3.9 %
Armour: 11,689 tons, 38.6 %
- Belts: 4,111 tons, 13.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 939 tons, 3.1 %
- Armament: 2,780 tons, 9.2 %
- Armour Deck: 3,587 tons, 11.8 %
- Conning Tower: 272 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 2,282 tons, 7.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,714 tons, 38.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,422 tons, 11.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
57,860 lbs / 26,245 Kg = 67.0 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 10.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 6.2 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 68 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.47
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.36
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.540
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.30 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.74 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Mid (50 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 21.72 ft / 6.62 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 68.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 169.0 %
Waterplane Area: 48,468 Square feet or 4,503 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 118 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 173 lbs/sq ft or 846 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.31
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Another Ger/CB/1937 15in Battlecruiser design study
This design study was underspecified, so I thought I would see if I could obtain a faster ship (30 knots) by using battlecruiser principles. The protection is substantial, but less than some battleships. The armor basis is 13in. The dimensions are 814ft x 108ft x 30ft. I often use these dimensions because I think of them as being Vanguard-like. The corresponding normal displacement is 41,519 tons. The armament is 9-15in/45 BLR and 24-5in DP guns. I added a light AA armament, to be more realistic. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1937 15in, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
37,374 t light; 39,016 t standard; 41,444 t normal; 43,387 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
818.10 ft / 814.00 ft x 108.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
249.36 m / 248.11 m x 32.92 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
9 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (3x3 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
56 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (5 mounts), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1937 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 42 raised guns
32 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns (4x8 guns), 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 16,032 lbs / 7,272 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 104 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 147,911 shp / 110,341 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 8,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,371 tons
Complement:
1,452 - 1,888
Cost:
£19.448 million / $77.790 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,004 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 14,585 tons, 35.2 %
- Belts: 5,170 tons, 12.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,180 tons, 2.8 %
- Armament: 3,359 tons, 8.1 %
- Armour Deck: 4,540 tons, 11.0 %
- Conning Tower: 335 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 4,100 tons, 9.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,685 tons, 40.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,070 tons, 9.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
61,472 lbs / 27,883 Kg = 36.4 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 9.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
Metacentric height 7.5 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.47
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.10
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.550
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.54 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.53 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Mid (50 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 21.72 ft / 6.62 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 84.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 169.0 %
Waterplane Area: 61,353 Square feet or 5,700 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 200 lbs/sq ft or 978 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.10
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, October 07, 2005
The "High end" Ger/BB/1937 with 16.5in guns
This version of the Ger/BB/1937 series seems more appropriately designated as a battleship than battlecruiser. The armament is now 9-16.5in/45 BLR and 24-5in DP guns. There ought to be a light AA armament, but there is not. The speed is the modest 28 knots. The normal displacement is 47,593 tons with dimensions of 854ft x 118ft x 30ft. The draft being so shallow creates problems with composite strength in Springsharp. I would probably have to say that the design is over-armored. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1937 16.5in, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
43,892 t light; 45,822 t standard; 47,593 t normal; 49,010 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
857.57 ft / 854.00 ft x 118.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
261.39 m / 260.30 m x 35.97 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
9 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 21,715 lbs / 9,850 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 555.00 ft / 169.16 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 555.00 ft / 169.16 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 122,611 shp / 91,468 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 5,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,188 tons
Complement:
1,610 - 2,094
Cost:
£23.411 million / $93.644 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,714 tons, 5.7 %
Armour: 17,682 tons, 37.2 %
- Belts: 5,352 tons, 11.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,191 tons, 2.5 %
- Armament: 4,232 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 6,511 tons, 13.7 %
- Conning Tower: 396 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,398 tons, 7.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 20,097 tons, 42.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,701 tons, 7.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
72,078 lbs / 32,694 Kg = 32.1 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 12.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 8.7 ft / 2.7 m
Roll period: 16.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 58 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.45
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.16
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.551
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.24 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.22 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (50 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 20.80 ft / 6.34 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 79.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 166.6 %
Waterplane Area: 70,394 Square feet or 6,540 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 220 lbs/sq ft or 1,072 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.00
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
The real Ger/CB/1937 14in still works pretty well
The real Ger/CB/1937 14in specification works well in Springsharp. The only knock on it is that it "tends to be wet forward". I converted the 15in Springsharp to the 14in version, and found that it worked "out of the box". I reduced the belt length, as it was longer than needed and raised the freeboard. That necessitated reducing the range. That may have been a waste, as I did not change the "wet forward" complaint. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1937 14in, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
31,676 t light; 33,079 t standard; 34,767 t normal; 36,118 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
757.52 ft / 754.00 ft x 104.00 ft x 28.00 ft (normal load)
230.89 m / 229.82 m x 31.70 m x 8.53 m
Armament:
9 - 14.00" / 356 mm guns (3x3 guns), 1,372.00lbs / 622.33kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 13,848 lbs / 6,281 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 104,863 shp / 78,228 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 6,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,039 tons
Complement:
1,272 - 1,654
Cost:
£16.198 million / $64.791 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,731 tons, 5.0 %
Armour: 12,968 tons, 37.3 %
- Belts: 4,373 tons, 12.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,036 tons, 3.0 %
- Armament: 3,219 tons, 9.3 %
- Armour Deck: 4,066 tons, 11.7 %
- Conning Tower: 275 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 2,906 tons, 8.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,070 tons, 40.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,091 tons, 8.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
54,678 lbs / 24,802 Kg = 39.9 x 14.0 " / 356 mm shells or 9.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
Metacentric height 7.0 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.47
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.15
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.554
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.25 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (50 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 20.72 ft / 6.32 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 80.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 164.5 %
Waterplane Area: 54,942 Square feet or 5,104 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 190 lbs/sq ft or 930 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.14
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Thursday, October 06, 2005
The Ger/CB/1937 15 inch design (Revised)
I had made the mistake of arming this ship with 14in guns when it should have been 15in. That causes the ship to not do as well. The design attempts to give the ship a slightly heavier armament than the Bismarck on a smaller displacement. The freeboard is too low, but is what is needed to provide adequate composite strength. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1937 14in, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
34,457 t light; 35,939 t standard; 38,714 t normal; 40,934 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
795.52 ft / 792.00 ft x 108.00 ft x 29.00 ft (normal load)
242.47 m / 241.40 m x 32.92 m x 8.84 m
Armament:
9 - 14.00" / 356 mm guns (3x3 guns), 1,372.00lbs / 622.33kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 13,848 lbs / 6,281 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 525.00 ft / 160.02 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 525.00 ft / 160.02 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 109,797 shp / 81,909 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 17.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,995 tons
Complement:
1,379 - 1,793
Cost:
£16.833 million / $67.333 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,731 tons, 4.5 %
Armour: 14,249 tons, 36.8 %
- Belts: 4,966 tons, 12.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,088 tons, 2.8 %
- Armament: 3,473 tons, 9.0 %
- Armour Deck: 4,402 tons, 11.4 %
- Conning Tower: 321 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,043 tons, 7.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,434 tons, 39.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,257 tons, 11.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
67,630 lbs / 30,676 Kg = 49.3 x 14.0 " / 356 mm shells or 12.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
Metacentric height 7.6 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 16.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 63 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.43
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.25
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.546
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.33 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.14 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Mid (50 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 21.64 ft / 6.60 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 73.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.5 %
Waterplane Area: 59,485 Square feet or 5,526 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 193 lbs/sq ft or 940 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.13
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Wednesday, October 05, 2005
The 16in gun version of the design series
This is towards the high end of the series of designs, of which I previously posted the 12in gun version. The 16in gun version does not work as well. I would guess that the reason is that the relatively shallow draft decreases seakeeping and composite strength in SpringSharp. The roiginal specification follows:
Displacement= 46,132 tons 9-16in guns L= 814ft B= 120ft D= 30ft Cp= 0.58 Cm= 0.95 Speed= 29 knots Belt= 14in Decks= 4in + 2inThis version seems more heavily protected, and other factors suffer, due to that. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1937 16inch, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
42,166 t light; 44,100 t standard; 46,132 t normal; 47,758 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
817.47 ft / 814.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
249.16 m / 248.11 m x 36.58 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
9 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 19,932 lbs / 9,041 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 535.00 ft / 163.07 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 535.00 ft / 163.07 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 140,783 shp / 105,024 Kw = 29.00 kts
Range 6,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,658 tons
Complement:
1,573 - 2,046
Cost:
£22.445 million / $89.780 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,492 tons, 5.4 %
Armour: 16,588 tons, 36.0 %
- Belts: 5,505 tons, 11.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,544 tons, 3.3 %
- Armament: 4,102 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 5,049 tons, 10.9 %
- Conning Tower: 388 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,902 tons, 8.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,184 tons, 41.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,966 tons, 8.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
69,130 lbs / 31,357 Kg = 33.8 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 12.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.21
Metacentric height 9.3 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 16.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.551
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.78 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.53 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.50 ft / 6.25 m
- Mid (50 %): 20.50 ft / 6.25 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.50 ft / 6.25 m
- Stern: 20.50 ft / 6.25 m
- Average freeboard: 21.10 ft / 6.43 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 169.4 %
Waterplane Area: 68,233 Square feet or 6,339 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 217 lbs/sq ft or 1,060 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
First of a series of design studies from 1999 (Revised)
In early February 1999, I did a series of design studies for German-looking battleships and battlecruisers. They were testing the dynamic range of the "design space". The first one is a moderate sized ship rather Scharnhorst-like, except smaller, but with 12in guns. I actually am somewhat unsure of what I had intended for the nationality, but the look is very German. I realized that the secondary armament was wrong, so this is a slightly revised version. My original specifications were:
Displacement=30,015 tons 9-12in/50 Length= 741ft Beam= 98ft Draft= 27ft Cp= 0.57 Cm= 0.94 Speed=29 knots Belt= 11in Deck= 4in + 2inSpringsharp doesn't model multiple armored decks, so I have generally opted to omit one. This is the Springsharp report for what I entered for this specification:
Ger/CB/1937, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
27,233 t light; 28,259 t standard; 30,015 t normal; 31,420 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
744.36 ft / 741.00 ft x 98.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
226.88 m / 225.86 m x 29.87 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
9 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (3x3 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 9,276 lbs / 4,208 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 7.00" / 178 mm 11.0" / 279 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 11.00" / 279 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 109,045 shp / 81,348 Kw = 29.00 kts
Range 7,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,161 tons
Complement:
1,139 - 1,482
Cost:
£12.820 million / $51.278 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,160 tons, 3.9 %
Armour: 11,438 tons, 38.1 %
- Belts: 3,909 tons, 13.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 943 tons, 3.1 %
- Armament: 2,657 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 3,701 tons, 12.3 %
- Conning Tower: 229 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,022 tons, 10.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,613 tons, 38.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,782 tons, 9.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
50,988 lbs / 23,128 Kg = 59.0 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 8.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 16.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.13
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.536
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.56 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.22 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (50 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 20.48 ft / 6.24 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 167.3 %
Waterplane Area: 50,010 Square feet or 4,646 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 170 lbs/sq ft or 829 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.10
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Tuesday, October 04, 2005
My odd Northampton armoured cruiser
On the same page as the small drawing of the Shannon, I have a drawing of my Northampton armoured cruiser that I have dated as having been rebuilt or built anachronistically in 1896. I have used the original dimensions and displacement for this version, which has twqo funnels and the heavy pole masts. The armament is 4-8in and 10-6in QF guns. I increased the armour basis to 9in. The speed and range are also greater than the Shannon. This is the Springsharp report:
HMS Northampton, Great Britain Armoured Cruiser laid down 1896
Displacement:
6,671 t light; 6,950 t standard; 7,630 t normal; 8,174 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
280.00 ft / 280.00 ft x 60.00 ft x 23.90 ft (normal load)
85.34 m / 85.34 m x 18.29 m x 7.28 m
Armament:
4 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (2x2 guns), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1896 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
10 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1896 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
6 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 2,104 lbs / 954 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 100
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 180.00 ft / 54.86 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 100.00 ft / 30.48 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Upper: 6.00" / 152 mm 180.00 ft / 54.86 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 99 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 180.00 ft / 54.86 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 8,966 ihp / 6,688 Kw = 17.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 10.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,223 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
407 - 530
Cost:
£0.664 million / $2.654 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 263 tons, 3.4 %
Armour: 2,913 tons, 38.2 %
- Belts: 1,361 tons, 17.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 133 tons, 1.7 %
- Armament: 620 tons, 8.1 %
- Armour Deck: 724 tons, 9.5 %
- Conning Tower: 75 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 1,494 tons, 19.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,000 tons, 26.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 959 tons, 12.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
8,429 lbs / 3,823 Kg = 32.9 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 14.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 68 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.36
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.665
Length to Beam Ratio: 4.67 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.73 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Mid (50 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Stern: 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Average freeboard: 17.24 ft / 5.25 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 134.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 103.8 %
Waterplane Area: 13,049 Square feet or 1,212 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 99 lbs/sq ft or 483 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.87
- Longitudinal: 3.61
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Playing around with anachronisms: armoured cruiser Shannon
I have long enjoyed playing with either rebuilding or providing anachronistic characteristics to the early British ironclads. On January 20, 1999, had sketched a picture of the armoured cruiser Shannon, if it had perhaps either been rebuilt or built to a later style design. My drawing had three funnels and a heavy pole foremast. The secondary and tertiary armaments were in casemates. The armament was 4-8in/45, 6-6in/45, and 8-4in QF guns. This is the Springsharp report:
HMS Shannon, Great Britain Armoured Cruiser laid down 1895
Displacement:
5,272 t light; 5,385 t standard; 5,670 t normal; 5,898 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
260.00 ft / 260.00 ft x 54.00 ft x 21.00 ft (normal load)
79.25 m / 79.25 m x 16.46 m x 6.40 m
Armament:
4 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (2x2 guns), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1895 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
6 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1895 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1895 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
8 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 1,928 lbs / 875 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 0
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 170.00 ft / 51.82 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 90.00 ft / 27.43 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Upper: 6.00" / 152 mm 170.00 ft / 51.82 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 170.00 ft / 51.82 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
3rd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 6,010 ihp / 4,484 Kw = 16.00 kts
Range 4,300nm at 8.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 513 tons (100% coal)
Complement:
326 - 424
Cost:
£0.530 million / $2.118 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 241 tons, 4.3 %
Armour: 2,336 tons, 41.2 %
- Belts: 1,194 tons, 21.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 126 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 555 tons, 9.8 %
- Armour Deck: 406 tons, 7.2 %
- Conning Tower: 55 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 1,019 tons, 18.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,676 tons, 29.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 398 tons, 7.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
6,509 lbs / 2,953 Kg = 25.4 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 1.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
Metacentric height 2.4 ft / 0.7 m
Roll period: 14.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 74 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.48
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.673
Length to Beam Ratio: 4.81 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.12 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Mid (50 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Stern: 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Average freeboard: 17.24 ft / 5.25 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 140.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 109.1 %
Waterplane Area: 10,984 Square feet or 1,020 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 90 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 97 lbs/sq ft or 474 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.86
- Longitudinal: 3.79
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
My concept for a British battleship-cruiser, circa 1910
I had a small sketch with specifications dating from January 1999 for a British battleship-cruiser or fast battleship. The dimensions were 620ft x 90ft x 27ft with a displacement of 23,500 tons. If that was intended to be normal, it turns out to be too low for Springsharp. I had to increase the displacement to 26,250 tons for there to be adequate composite strength. The increased length and reduced armament would lead you to believe that a higher speed than 21 knots was intended. In the Springsharp design, I opted for a 10in armor basis, in keeping with the idea of a higher speed. I was able to achieve 25 knots with all the compromises that had been made. The "look" is rather odd, having three funnels, no foremast, and a pole mainmast. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/CB/1910, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1910
Displacement:
23,084 t light; 24,075 t standard; 26,250 t normal; 27,990 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
620.00 ft / 620.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
188.98 m / 188.98 m x 27.43 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
8 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
12 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 10,354 lbs / 4,696 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 185.00 ft / 56.39 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Main Belt covers 108 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 61,921 shp / 46,193 Kw = 25.00 kts
Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,915 tons
Complement:
1,030 - 1,340
Cost:
£2.253 million / $9.013 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,294 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 9,038 tons, 34.4 %
- Belts: 3,413 tons, 13.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 837 tons, 3.2 %
- Armament: 2,312 tons, 8.8 %
- Armour Deck: 2,286 tons, 8.7 %
- Conning Tower: 190 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 2,559 tons, 9.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,194 tons, 38.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,166 tons, 12.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
40,978 lbs / 18,587 Kg = 33.3 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 6.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
Metacentric height 5.0 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.81
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.39
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.610
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.89 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.90 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Mid (65 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m (18.00 ft / 5.49 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 23.36 ft / 7.12 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 88.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 179.3 %
Waterplane Area: 41,187 Square feet or 3,826 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 172 lbs/sq ft or 841 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.63
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Monday, October 03, 2005
The August 31, 2001 version of the GB/CB/1910 design
I have a rather clunky looking drawing of the GB/CB/1910 design as I had recast it on August 31, 2001. Amazingly, the design works well in Springsharp. The armor basis is 9in and the secondary armament has been recast as 8-6in QF guns in casemates mounted in the superstructure. Six are mounted forward and two aft, between the gun turrets. The armament is 4-13.5in/45 BLR with 8-6in QF guns. The machinery is 1910, so it is not particularly light. I used the citadel length from my drawing. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/CB/1910, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1910
Displacement:
28,245 t light; 29,169 t standard; 33,000 t normal; 36,065 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
775.00 ft / 775.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
236.22 m / 236.22 m x 27.43 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
4 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 5,785 lbs / 2,624 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 6.00" / 152 mm 300.00 ft / 91.44 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 91 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 187,092 shp / 139,571 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 8,800nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,896 tons
Complement:
1,223 - 1,591
Cost:
£2.678 million / $10.713 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 723 tons, 2.2 %
Armour: 8,468 tons, 25.7 %
- Belts: 2,813 tons, 8.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 740 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 1,107 tons, 3.4 %
- Armour Deck: 3,609 tons, 10.9 %
- Conning Tower: 199 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 7,731 tons, 23.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,323 tons, 34.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,755 tons, 14.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
43,526 lbs / 19,743 Kg = 35.4 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 4.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.29
Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 14.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.34
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.29
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.552
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.61 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.84 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (71 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 119.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 207.2 %
Waterplane Area: 48,768 Square feet or 4,531 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 111 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 150 lbs/sq ft or 734 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.42
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Sunday, October 02, 2005
The 2001 version of the GB/DL/1906
If you allow very lightweight machinery, the GB/DL/1906 design works fairly well in Springsharp. I believe that the intended standard displacement was 1,200 tons. I used a greater normal displacement that gives a 1,215 ton standard displacement. I was able to achieve the 35 knot speed with a 15 knot cruising speed. The armament is 4-88mm (2opdr) QF guns and 2-18in TT (I could not in good conscience give them 21in TT in 1906), although that was the original intent. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/DL/1906, Great Britain Destroyer Leader laid down 1906 (Engine 1941)
Displacement:
1,167 t light; 1,215 t standard; 1,350 t normal; 1,458 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
325.77 ft / 325.00 ft x 30.00 ft x 12.00 ft (normal load)
99.29 m / 99.06 m x 9.14 m x 3.66 m
Armament:
4 - 3.46" / 88.0 mm guns in single mounts, 20.79lbs / 9.43kg shells, 1906 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
Weight of broadside 83 lbs / 38 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 450
2 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 44,471 shp / 33,175 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 3,750nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 243 tons
Complement:
110 - 144
Cost:
£0.157 million / $0.626 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 764 tons, 56.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 393 tons, 29.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 183 tons, 13.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
326 lbs / 148 Kg = 15.7 x 3.5 " / 88 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.46
Metacentric height 1.6 ft / 0.5 m
Roll period: 10.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.17
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.09
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.404
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.83 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18.03 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 70 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.50 ft / 6.25 m
- Mid (32 %): 20.50 ft / 6.25 m (12.50 ft / 3.81 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 12.50 ft / 3.81 m
- Stern: 12.50 ft / 3.81 m
- Average freeboard: 15.18 ft / 4.63 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 189.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 130.5 %
Waterplane Area: 6,015 Square feet or 559 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 55 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 28 lbs/sq ft or 136 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.43
- Longitudinal: 2.79
- Overall: 0.52
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, October 01, 2005
The GB/PG/1906 did not work well in Springsharp
The GB/PG/1906 design does not work well in Springsharp. Part of the reason is that Springsharp thinks it will take 56,106 SHP to reach 36 knots. In fact, it should take much less than that. Because of the excessive power requirement, the engines weigh too much for such a small ship. Also, the maximum SHP/ton for 1906 should be about 6o. To go 36 knots, it takes above 70 SHP/ton of machinery. Obviously, we will have to settle for less, to get a reasonable Springsharp design. Given that, 34.5 knots is more reasonable. That allowed me to reduce the draft and displacement. My main problem with it is that it does meet the specification of my friend Cliff from 1971. An example of a comparable ship type that met Cliff's specificationi was the British Tribal class from circa 1906. So why can't we do it in Springsharp? This is the resulting Springsharp report:
GB/PG/1906, Great Britain Fast Gunboat laid down 1906 (Engine 1931)
Displacement:
1,055 t light; 1,094 t standard; 1,160 t normal; 1,213 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
275.84 ft / 275.00 ft x 27.00 ft x 13.00 ft (normal load)
84.08 m / 83.82 m x 8.23 m x 3.96 m
Armament:
3 - 3.46" / 88.0 mm guns in single mounts, 20.79lbs / 9.43kg shells, 1906 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, majority aft
Weight of broadside 62 lbs / 28 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 450
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 43,367 shp / 32,352 Kw = 34.50 kts
Range 2,950nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 119 tons
Complement:
99 - 129
Cost:
£0.140 million / $0.558 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 8 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 686 tons, 59.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 361 tons, 31.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 105 tons, 9.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
244 lbs / 111 Kg = 11.8 x 3.5 " / 88 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.29
Metacentric height 1.1 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 10.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.24
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.17
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.421
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.19 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.58 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 74 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Mid (32 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Stern: 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Average freeboard: 16.72 ft / 5.10 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 197.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 137.9 %
Waterplane Area: 4,631 Square feet or 430 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 44 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 26 lbs/sq ft or 128 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.39
- Longitudinal: 6.61
- Overall: 0.52
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
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