Saturday, February 18, 2006
The Ultimate Japanese Battlecruiser: J/CB/1941
The J/CB/1941 is a very large ship that is still extremely capable. I would argue that the large battlecruiser of this type, that is well-protected, is analogous to the Iowa class battleships. They are fast, well-armed, adequately protected, and have great strategic mobility. This design is significant in that it uses the 21in gun for the main armament. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1941, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1941
Displacement:
92,016 t light; 96,104 t standard; 102,200 t normal; 107,077 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,041.78 ft / 1,035.00 ft x 128.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
317.54 m / 315.47 m x 39.01 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
8 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (4x2 guns), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1941 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1941 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1941 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
64 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (32x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 40,202 lbs / 18,235 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 15.0" / 381 mm 680.00 ft / 207.26 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 680.00 ft / 207.26 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 680.00 ft / 207.26 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 12.0" / 305 mm 15.0" / 381 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 15.00" / 381 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 374,336 shp / 279,255 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,972 tons
Complement:
2,857 - 3,715
Cost:
£54.565 million / $218.260 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,025 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 38,598 tons, 37.8 %
- Belts: 6,730 tons, 6.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 6,844 tons, 6.7 %
- Armament: 7,591 tons, 7.4 %
- Armour Deck: 16,726 tons, 16.4 %
- Conning Tower: 706 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 9,893 tons, 9.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 38,501 tons, 37.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 10,184 tons, 10.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
152,591 lbs / 69,214 Kg = 33.0 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 29.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 9.3 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 17.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.76
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.06
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.771
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.09 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 32.17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (67 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Stern: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Average freeboard: 29.56 ft / 9.01 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 218.5 %
Waterplane Area: 113,017 Square feet or 10,500 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 255 lbs/sq ft or 1,246 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.04
- Longitudinal: 0.99
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, February 17, 2006
The J/CB/1937 design is huge
The J/CB/1937 design is huge. If I had not reduced the armour basis to 14in, it would have been even larger. I guess that a ship that has 12-18in guns, a speed of 33 knots, and a range of 12,000nm at 15 knots needs to be large to do all that. That is especially true when the 8in armour deck and 8in anti-torpedo bulkhead are considered. the design is extremely well-protected against underwater attack. The defence against gunfire is less effective, but is adequate for a battlecruiser. Consider that the battleship counterpart has an 18in armour basis. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1937, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1937
Displacement:
87,795 t light; 91,693 t standard; 97,800 t normal; 102,686 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
1,031.78 ft / 1,025.00 ft x 125.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
314.49 m / 312.42 m x 38.10 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
12 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 4 raised guns - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1937 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
64 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (32x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1937 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 38,150 lbs / 17,304 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 680.00 ft / 207.26 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 680.00 ft / 207.26 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 680.00 ft / 207.26 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 13.0" / 330 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 363,186 shp / 270,936 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,993 tons
Complement:
2,764 - 3,594
Cost:
£46.297 million / $185.189 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,769 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 37,331 tons, 38.2 %
- Belts: 6,446 tons, 6.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 6,844 tons, 7.0 %
- Armament: 7,336 tons, 7.5 %
- Armour Deck: 16,065 tons, 16.4 %
- Conning Tower: 640 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 10,066 tons, 10.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 35,630 tons, 36.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 10,005 tons, 10.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
142,830 lbs / 64,787 Kg = 49.0 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 27.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 9.2 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 17.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.75
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.763
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.20 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 32.02 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (67 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Stern: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Average freeboard: 29.56 ft / 9.01 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 83.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 216.9 %
Waterplane Area: 108,545 Square feet or 10,084 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 243 lbs/sq ft or 1,188 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.02
- Longitudinal: 0.99
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Thursday, February 16, 2006
The J/CB/1933 design
This design has ballooned to 90,800 tons, normal displacement. The reason is that the ship is well-armed, moderately well-protected, and has a high speed (well, relatively high speed) of 33 knots. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1933, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1933
Displacement:
81,822 t light; 85,270 t standard; 90,800 t normal; 95,224 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
980.78 ft / 975.00 ft x 124.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
298.94 m / 297.18 m x 37.80 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
10 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1933 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1933 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1933 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
56 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (28x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1933 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 32,022 lbs / 14,525 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 15.0" / 381 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
7.00" / 178 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 15.0" / 381 mm 13.0" / 330 mm 15.0" / 381 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 15.00" / 381 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 353,975 shp / 264,065 Kw = 33.01 kts
Range 11,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 9,955 tons
Complement:
2,614 - 3,399
Cost:
£36.259 million / $145.034 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,003 tons, 4.4 %
Armour: 35,433 tons, 39.0 %
- Belts: 6,354 tons, 7.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 5,636 tons, 6.2 %
- Armament: 7,792 tons, 8.6 %
- Armour Deck: 14,999 tons, 16.5 %
- Conning Tower: 653 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 10,314 tons, 11.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 32,072 tons, 35.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 8,978 tons, 9.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
132,264 lbs / 59,994 Kg = 45.4 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 24.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 8.7 ft / 2.7 m
Roll period: 17.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.68
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.751
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.22 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (67 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Stern: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Average freeboard: 29.56 ft / 9.01 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 83.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 214.2 %
Waterplane Area: 101,347 Square feet or 9,415 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 233 lbs/sq ft or 1,140 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.04
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Wednesday, February 15, 2006
The J/CB/1927 design
The J/CB/1927 design is better protected than the previous version. The armour basis is now 14 inches. Otherwise, the design is very similar to the corresponding battleship. The speed is 33 knots, still, and the range is 12,000nm at 15 knots. The seakeeping is not quite as good as the preceding design, but is adequate. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1927, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1927
Displacement:
75,199 t light; 78,484 t standard; 84,500 t normal; 89,313 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
970.68 ft / 965.00 ft x 122.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
295.86 m / 294.13 m x 37.19 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
10 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1927 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1927 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (6x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1927 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
42 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (21x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1927 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 31,443 lbs / 14,262 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
5.00" / 127 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 12.0" / 305 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 334,570 shp / 249,589 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,828 tons
Complement:
2,477 - 3,221
Cost:
£26.953 million / $107.811 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,930 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 30,083 tons, 35.6 %
- Belts: 6,084 tons, 7.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 3,789 tons, 4.5 %
- Armament: 7,132 tons, 8.4 %
- Armour Deck: 12,414 tons, 14.7 %
- Conning Tower: 664 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 10,561 tons, 12.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 30,624 tons, 36.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,301 tons, 11.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
113,026 lbs / 51,268 Kg = 38.8 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 18.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 8.4 ft / 2.6 m
Roll period: 17.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.69
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.03
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.718
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.91 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.06 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (67 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Stern: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Average freeboard: 28.56 ft / 8.71 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 206.4 %
Waterplane Area: 95,861 Square feet or 8,906 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 234 lbs/sq ft or 1,143 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.04
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Tuesday, February 14, 2006
The J/CB/1923 design
The J/CB/1923 design ballooned considerably over the corresponding battleship design. That was mostly driven by the desire for a 33-knot speed. Very likely, the design is not very well-protected against gunfire, but it is a battlecruiser so we would accept that as the price for speed and gunpower. The armour design is somewhat different from the J/BB/1923 design in that the deck is thicker. The range was also extended to 12,000nm at 15 knots, as befitted a ship that would be a fast wing of the battlefleet, able to make long strategic moves. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1923, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1923
Displacement:
72,137 t light; 75,354 t standard; 81,455 t normal; 86,337 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
978.06 ft / 975.00 ft x 118.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
298.11 m / 297.18 m x 35.97 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
10 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1923 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1923 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
32 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 16 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 31,295 lbs / 14,195 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 660.00 ft / 201.17 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 10.0" / 254 mm 660.00 ft / 201.17 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 104 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 660.00 ft / 201.17 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 11.0" / 279 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 322,007 shp / 240,217 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,983 tons
Complement:
2,410 - 3,134
Cost:
£21.287 million / $85.149 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,912 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 27,829 tons, 34.2 %
- Belts: 5,520 tons, 6.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 3,321 tons, 4.1 %
- Armament: 6,435 tons, 7.9 %
- Armour Deck: 12,027 tons, 14.8 %
- Conning Tower: 526 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 10,762 tons, 13.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 29,634 tons, 36.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,318 tons, 11.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
102,797 lbs / 46,628 Kg = 35.3 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 15.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 8.1 ft / 2.5 m
Roll period: 17.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.73
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.05
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.708
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.26 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.22 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Stern: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Average freeboard: 27.64 ft / 8.42 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 198.2 %
Waterplane Area: 92,874 Square feet or 8,628 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 232 lbs/sq ft or 1,132 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.02
- Longitudinal: 0.99
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, February 13, 2006
The J/CB/1921 is a faster version of the battleship
Apparently, the J/BB/1921 is under-protected, and the J/CB/1921 uses that same protection scheme with a 33-knot speed for a reasonable battlecruiser design. The armament and protection are identical, but the battlcruiser has greater dimensions and a higher freeboard. An interesting phenomenon was that the seakeeping improved as the beam was increased. In many smaller ships, decreasing the beam improves seakeeping. The resulting ship is rather lightly protected, but seems to be more capable than I would have expected for the size. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1921, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1921
Displacement:
57,727 t light; 60,303 t standard; 64,800 t normal; 68,398 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
914.97 ft / 912.00 ft x 116.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
278.88 m / 277.98 m x 35.36 m x 10.36 m
Armament:
8 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4x2 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1921 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1921 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
24 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1921 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 16 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 25,210 lbs / 11,435 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 10.0" / 254 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 96 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 279,915 shp / 208,816 Kw = 33.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,094 tons
Complement:
2,029 - 2,639
Cost:
£15.316 million / $61.263 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,151 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 19,928 tons, 30.8 %
- Belts: 4,845 tons, 7.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,531 tons, 3.9 %
- Armament: 4,738 tons, 7.3 %
- Armour Deck: 7,363 tons, 11.4 %
- Conning Tower: 452 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 9,639 tons, 14.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 25,009 tons, 38.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,073 tons, 10.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
80,058 lbs / 36,314 Kg = 27.5 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 11.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 8.0 ft / 2.4 m
Roll period: 17.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.05
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.631
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.20 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Mid (67 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 27.35 ft / 8.34 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 102.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 205.6 %
Waterplane Area: 79,603 Square feet or 7,395 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 225 lbs/sq ft or 1,099 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.14
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Sunday, February 12, 2006
The J/CB/1918 design has ended up being a fast battleship
The J/CB/1918 design is a fast battleship, although the armour basis is just 12in. It has the same armament as its battleship counterpart, but has a much higher speed at 32 knots. That speed was a challenge, as I struggled to reach adequate seakeeping with this design. I kept raising the freeboard and increasing the draft, almost without effect. What finally made the difference was increasing the length. By the way, for the Japanese battlecruiser series, I will be starting from the corresponding battleship and modifying the design to be a battlecruiser, rather than having a continuous series of battlecruisers. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1918, Japan Battleship laid down 1918
Displacement:
48,367 t light; 50,611 t standard; 55,800 t normal; 59,951 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
837.38 ft / 835.00 ft x 108.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
255.23 m / 254.51 m x 32.92 m x 10.36 m
Armament:
10 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (5x2 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1918 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1918 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 6 raised mounts - superfiring
6 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1918 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
16 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1918 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 22,213 lbs / 10,076 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 620.00 ft / 188.98 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 9.00" / 229 mm 620.00 ft / 188.98 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 114 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 620.00 ft / 188.98 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 233,965 shp / 174,538 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 9,341 tons
Complement:
1,814 - 2,359
Cost:
£10.414 million / $41.655 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,777 tons, 5.0 %
Armour: 16,658 tons, 29.9 %
- Belts: 4,675 tons, 8.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,065 tons, 3.7 %
- Armament: 4,490 tons, 8.0 %
- Armour Deck: 5,051 tons, 9.1 %
- Conning Tower: 378 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 8,440 tons, 15.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 20,492 tons, 36.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,433 tons, 13.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
65,894 lbs / 29,889 Kg = 32.2 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 8.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 17.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.77
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.637
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.73 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.90 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (67 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 26.76 ft / 8.16 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 106.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 192.0 %
Waterplane Area: 68,260 Square feet or 6,342 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 210 lbs/sq ft or 1,025 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.25
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, February 11, 2006
This is bigger than I would have thought necessary: J/CB/1916
The J/CB/1916 has 8-16in guns and a speed of 30 knots. The armour basis is 11 inches. One reason for the size might be the deck armour being 4in, rather than the 3.5in I had considered. The speed is another reason, along with size needed to obtain the necessary hull strength. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1916, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1916
Displacement:
40,755 t light; 42,597 t standard; 46,800 t normal; 50,162 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
767.17 ft / 765.00 ft x 102.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
233.83 m / 233.17 m x 31.09 m x 9.75 m
Armament:
8 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (4x2 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 13.50lbs / 6.12kg shells, 1916 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
12 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1916 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 17,837 lbs / 8,091 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 630.00 ft / 192.02 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 127 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 630.00 ft / 192.02 m 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 169,734 shp / 126,621 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,565 tons
Complement:
1,590 - 2,068
Cost:
£6.848 million / $27.390 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,230 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 15,398 tons, 32.9 %
- Belts: 4,855 tons, 10.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,168 tons, 4.6 %
- Armament: 3,592 tons, 7.7 %
- Armour Deck: 4,448 tons, 9.5 %
- Conning Tower: 336 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 6,324 tons, 13.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,803 tons, 35.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,045 tons, 12.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
59,507 lbs / 26,992 Kg = 29.1 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 8.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 6.5 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 16.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.73
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.06
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.656
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.50 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.66 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m (19.00 ft / 5.79 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 24.68 ft / 7.52 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 99.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 178.5 %
Waterplane Area: 60,105 Square feet or 5,584 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 197 lbs/sq ft or 964 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.29
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, February 10, 2006
The J/CB/1914 battlecruiser design
The J/CB/1914 battlecruiser design is analogous to the J/BB/1914, except the battlecruiser version. One turret was sacrificed, but the armament is still 10-14in guns, as 8-14in is too light for such a large ship. Post 1918, "in the real world", they planned battlecruisers with 10-16in guns, so five turrets is not unprecedented for Japanese battlecruisers. The speed is rather low at 28 knots, but we can improve on that in later versions. This is the Springsharp report:
J/CB/1914, Japan Battlecruiser laid down 1914
Displacement:
31,787 t light; 33,301 t standard; 37,200 t normal; 40,319 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
707.03 ft / 705.00 ft x 102.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
215.50 m / 214.88 m x 31.09 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
10 - 14.00" / 356 mm guns (5x2 guns), 1,372.00lbs / 622.33kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
2 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 13.50lbs / 6.12kg shells, 1914 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1914 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 15,123 lbs / 6,860 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 590.00 ft / 179.83 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 129 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 590.00 ft / 179.83 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 11.00" / 279 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 113,280 shp / 84,507 Kw = 28.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,018 tons
Complement:
1,339 - 1,741
Cost:
£4.215 million / $16.858 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,890 tons, 5.1 %
Armour: 11,664 tons, 31.4 %
- Belts: 4,121 tons, 11.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,310 tons, 3.5 %
- Armament: 3,094 tons, 8.3 %
- Armour Deck: 2,876 tons, 7.7 %
- Conning Tower: 264 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 4,364 tons, 11.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,869 tons, 37.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,413 tons, 14.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
50,666 lbs / 22,982 Kg = 36.9 x 14.0 " / 356 mm shells or 7.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 16.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 61 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.65
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.21
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.584
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.91 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.55 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Mid (67 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m (18.00 ft / 5.49 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 23.60 ft / 7.19 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 175.3 %
Waterplane Area: 51,815 Square feet or 4,814 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 189 lbs/sq ft or 924 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.47
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Thursday, February 09, 2006
Super ship: J/BB/1941
The J/BB/1941 is really a super ship. It has 8-21in guns and has a speed of 30 knots with a 12,000nm range at 15 knots. The armour basis is only 18in, but that is probably adequate. I had thought that I would just move to 8-20in guns, but it was possible to move to the 21in caliber, so I did. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1941, Japan Battleship laid down 1941
Displacement:
84,147 t light; 88,067 t standard; 93,800 t normal; 98,386 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
934.68 ft / 928.00 ft x 129.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
284.89 m / 282.85 m x 39.32 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
8 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (4x2 guns), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1941 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1941 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1941 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
64 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (32x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 40,202 lbs / 18,235 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 108 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 13.0" / 330 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 258,205 shp / 192,621 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,319 tons
Complement:
2,679 - 3,483
Cost:
£50.206 million / $200.826 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,025 tons, 5.4 %
Armour: 38,353 tons, 40.9 %
- Belts: 7,198 tons, 7.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 6,542 tons, 7.0 %
- Armament: 8,542 tons, 9.1 %
- Armour Deck: 15,271 tons, 16.3 %
- Conning Tower: 801 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 6,824 tons, 7.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 33,946 tons, 36.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,653 tons, 10.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
144,681 lbs / 65,626 Kg = 31.2 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 30.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 9.0 ft / 2.7 m
Roll period: 18.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.77
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.11
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.784
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.19 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (67 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Stern: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Average freeboard: 28.56 ft / 8.71 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 75.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 205.4 %
Waterplane Area: 103,180 Square feet or 9,586 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 249 lbs/sq ft or 1,216 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.13
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Tuesday, February 07, 2006
The J/BB/1937 design
The J/BB/1937 design is rather like some of the "what if" designs that I have seen, such as at Alt Naval. This design escalates things further by going with 12-18in guns in triple turrets. The armour basis is expanded to 18in with an 8in torpedo bulkhead. This is a supership, in that it has such positives characteristics. Springsharp seems to have nothing bad to say about this design. This is the report:
J/BB/1937, Japan Battleship laid down 1937
Displacement:
82,462 t light; 86,245 t standard; 92,100 t normal; 96,784 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
922.30 ft / 915.00 ft x 128.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
281.12 m / 278.89 m x 39.01 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
12 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 4 raised guns - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1937 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
64 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (32x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1937 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 38,150 lbs / 17,304 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 109 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 13.0" / 330 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 256,964 shp / 191,695 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,538 tons
Complement:
2,642 - 3,436
Cost:
£43.031 million / $172.123 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,769 tons, 5.2 %
Armour: 38,083 tons, 41.3 %
- Belts: 7,181 tons, 7.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 6,542 tons, 7.1 %
- Armament: 8,594 tons, 9.3 %
- Armour Deck: 14,976 tons, 16.3 %
- Conning Tower: 791 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 7,122 tons, 7.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 32,489 tons, 35.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,638 tons, 10.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
143,042 lbs / 64,883 Kg = 49.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 30.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 9.1 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 17.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.12
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.786
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.15 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.25 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 7.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (67 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Stern: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Average freeboard: 28.56 ft / 8.71 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 204.3 %
Waterplane Area: 101,187 Square feet or 9,401 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 243 lbs/sq ft or 1,184 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.15
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
The J/BB/1933 design almost seems too capable
The J/BB/1933 design is so capable, that it almost seems to be unrealistic. You have an armament of 10-18in BLR, 12-6in QG, 20-5in DP, and 56-57mm AA guns. The speed is 30 knots with a range of 12,000nm at 15 knots. The armour basis is 17in with 8in deck and a 7in torpedo bulkhead. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1933, Japan Battleship laid down 1933
Displacement:
76,740 t light; 80,090 t standard; 85,900 t normal; 90,548 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
900.57 ft / 895.00 ft x 127.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
274.49 m / 272.80 m x 38.71 m x 10.36 m
Armament:
10 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1933 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1933 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1933 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
56 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (28x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1933 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 32,022 lbs / 14,525 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 110 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
7.00" / 178 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 17.0" / 432 mm 13.0" / 330 mm 17.0" / 432 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 17.00" / 432 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 248,345 shp / 185,266 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,459 tons
Complement:
2,508 - 3,261
Cost:
£33.381 million / $133.523 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,003 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 35,561 tons, 41.4 %
- Belts: 6,822 tons, 7.9 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 5,470 tons, 6.4 %
- Armament: 8,125 tons, 9.5 %
- Armour Deck: 14,431 tons, 16.8 %
- Conning Tower: 713 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 7,236 tons, 8.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 29,940 tons, 34.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,160 tons, 10.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
137,151 lbs / 62,211 Kg = 47.0 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 28.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 9.2 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 17.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.60
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.07
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.778
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.05 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.92 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Stern: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Average freeboard: 27.56 ft / 8.40 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 199.9 %
Waterplane Area: 97,505 Square feet or 9,059 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 234 lbs/sq ft or 1,141 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.12
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, February 06, 2006
The J/BB/1927 Design: a ship that finally has adequate protection
The size needed to balloon considerably, but the J/BB/1927 design finally has adequate protection against gunfire, unlike its predecessors. Having a 6in secondary battery is rather a retrograde move, but is historically accurate. The tertiary armament now has 5in DP guns in twin mounts. I am using the odd 57mm AA guns, which is not historically accurate. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1927, Japan Battleship laid down 1927
Displacement:
70,439 t light; 73,605 t standard; 78,500 t normal; 82,416 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
900.57 ft / 895.00 ft x 122.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
274.49 m / 272.80 m x 37.19 m x 10.06 m
Armament:
10 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1927 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1927 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (6x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1927 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
42 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns (21x2 guns), 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1927 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 18 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 31,443 lbs / 14,262 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 110 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
5.00" / 127 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 12.0" / 305 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 232,185 shp / 173,210 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,811 tons
Complement:
2,344 - 3,048
Cost:
£24.702 million / $98.807 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,930 tons, 5.0 %
Armour: 30,600 tons, 39.0 %
- Belts: 6,547 tons, 8.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 3,789 tons, 4.8 %
- Armament: 7,661 tons, 9.8 %
- Armour Deck: 11,971 tons, 15.2 %
- Conning Tower: 632 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 7,329 tons, 9.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 28,580 tons, 36.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 8,061 tons, 10.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
115,996 lbs / 52,615 Kg = 39.8 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 20.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 8.3 ft / 2.5 m
Roll period: 17.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.09
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.763
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.34 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.92 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Stern: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Average freeboard: 27.56 ft / 8.40 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 202.8 %
Waterplane Area: 92,439 Square feet or 8,588 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 233 lbs/sq ft or 1,136 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.09
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Sunday, February 05, 2006
I lost a photo of the J/BB/1914, but I do have a new version of the Nelson and Northampton
I have the latest version of The Gimp (the GNU Image Manipulation Program). While trying to use an older version, I lost my photo of the J/BB/1914 design. That was a painful experience. Anyway, I thought I would try out the new Gimp and see if I could improve an existing photo. I saw the "Nelson and Northampton" photo (a strange beast). This is the result of my hacking:
The J/BB/1923 design
The next step seemed to be to increase the number of guns to ten. I would choose to have 2-twin and 2-triple turrets to do that, although the historically correct version might need to have 5 twin turrets. The hull is now flush-decked with a high freeboard. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1923, Japan Battleship laid down 1923
Displacement:
59,714 t light; 62,646 t standard; 67,200 t normal; 70,843 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
867.89 ft / 865.00 ft x 112.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
264.53 m / 263.65 m x 34.14 m x 10.06 m
Armament:
10 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1923 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1923 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
32 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 16 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 31,295 lbs / 14,195 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 10.0" / 254 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 107 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 11.0" / 279 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 208,789 shp / 155,757 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 8,198 tons
Complement:
2,086 - 2,712
Cost:
£18.481 million / $73.925 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,912 tons, 5.8 %
Armour: 23,776 tons, 35.4 %
- Belts: 5,264 tons, 7.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,842 tons, 4.2 %
- Armament: 6,277 tons, 9.3 %
- Armour Deck: 8,895 tons, 13.2 %
- Conning Tower: 499 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 6,978 tons, 10.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 25,048 tons, 37.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,486 tons, 11.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
85,000 lbs / 38,555 Kg = 29.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 12.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 17.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.94
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.09
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.736
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.72 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.41 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Mid (67 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Stern: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Average freeboard: 26.56 ft / 8.10 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 190.3 %
Waterplane Area: 80,136 Square feet or 7,445 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 228 lbs/sq ft or 1,114 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.12
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, February 04, 2006
The next step, the J/BB/1921 design
The next step for Japanese battleship development is to increase the caliber of the main armament to 18in. This version still seems to be not very well protected against gunfire. The anti-torpedo protection seems quite adequate, however. I was able to increase the speed to 30 knots without much problem, except raising the freeboard. Normal weight machinery suffices to provide the needed power. This ship seems comparable to what was contemplated, except perhaps for an increased displacement. There seems to be too much capability for the size, although perhaps that is just due to the low standard of protection. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1921, Japan Battleship laid down 1921
Displacement:
49,022 t light; 51,412 t standard; 55,500 t normal; 58,771 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
812.71 ft / 810.00 ft x 108.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
247.71 m / 246.89 m x 32.92 m x 9.75 m
Armament:
8 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4x2 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1921 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1921 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
24 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1921 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, 16 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 25,210 lbs / 11,435 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 10.0" / 254 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 108 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 187,819 shp / 140,113 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,359 tons
Complement:
1,807 - 2,350
Cost:
£13.410 million / $53.641 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,151 tons, 5.7 %
Armour: 18,599 tons, 33.5 %
- Belts: 4,775 tons, 8.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,531 tons, 4.6 %
- Armament: 4,435 tons, 8.0 %
- Armour Deck: 6,451 tons, 11.6 %
- Conning Tower: 408 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 6,468 tons, 11.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 20,804 tons, 37.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,478 tons, 11.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
68,500 lbs / 31,071 Kg = 23.5 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 10.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 17.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.694
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.50 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m (19.00 ft / 5.79 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 24.68 ft / 7.52 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 182.2 %
Waterplane Area: 69,736 Square feet or 6,479 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 217 lbs/sq ft or 1,061 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.17
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, February 03, 2006
The J/BB/1918 design (REVISED)
For the J/BB/1918 design, I escalated the basic design with another twin 16in gun turret and a knot more speed. There is a more effective AA armament and a 4in armoured deck. The roll period is now 17.5 seconds, which is abnormally long. The belt is now 12in, as well. There seems to be still an inadequate defence against gunfire, if the ship will only withstand 28.2 16in hits. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1918, Japan Battleship laid down 1918
Displacement:
38,312 t light; 40,322 t standard; 44,100 t normal; 47,122 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
766.96 ft / 765.00 ft x 104.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
233.77 m / 233.17 m x 31.70 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
10 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (5x2 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1918 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1918 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
6 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1918 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
16 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1918 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
Weight of broadside 22,213 lbs / 10,076 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 530.00 ft / 161.54 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 9.00" / 229 mm 530.00 ft / 161.54 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 107 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 530.00 ft / 161.54 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 107,115 shp / 79,908 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,801 tons
Complement:
1,521 - 1,978
Cost:
£8.429 million / $33.714 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,777 tons, 6.3 %
Armour: 14,582 tons, 33.1 %
- Belts: 4,065 tons, 9.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,765 tons, 4.0 %
- Armament: 4,018 tons, 9.1 %
- Armour Deck: 4,411 tons, 10.0 %
- Conning Tower: 323 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 3,864 tons, 8.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 17,089 tons, 38.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,788 tons, 13.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
57,133 lbs / 25,915 Kg = 27.9 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 8.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
Metacentric height 6.3 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 17.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.87
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.23
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.626
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.36 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.66 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (67 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (17.00 ft / 5.18 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Stern: 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Average freeboard: 22.60 ft / 6.89 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 93.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 170.1 %
Waterplane Area: 59,604 Square feet or 5,537 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 99 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1,014 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.21
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Thursday, February 02, 2006
The 1916 Japanese battleship design: J/BB/1916
My 1916 Japanese battleship design has the features that I wanted, plus it fits within the 35,000 ton standard displacement (not that it was an issue). I thought that by 1916, the main armament should consist of 16in guns, and the ship should be able to make 26 knots. For 1916, the ship is the ideal fast battleship. Those characteristics could be achieved without resorting to very light machinery. Being wet forward seems to be main criticism, although the scale of armour is rather inadequate. This is the SpringSharp report:
J/BB/1916, Japan Battleship laid down 1916
Displacement:
32,855 t light; 34,522 t standard; 38,200 t normal; 41,142 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
706.96 ft / 705.00 ft x 104.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
215.48 m / 214.88 m x 31.70 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
8 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (4x2 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, evenly spread, 3 raised mounts
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
2 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 13.50lbs / 6.12kg shells, 1916 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 17,787 lbs / 8,068 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 9.00" / 229 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 109 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 11.0" / 279 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 86,431 shp / 64,478 Kw = 26.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,620 tons
Complement:
1,366 - 1,776
Cost:
£5.676 million / $22.702 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,223 tons, 5.8 %
Armour: 12,066 tons, 31.6 %
- Belts: 3,647 tons, 9.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,665 tons, 4.4 %
- Armament: 3,517 tons, 9.2 %
- Armour Deck: 2,944 tons, 7.7 %
- Conning Tower: 293 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,220 tons, 8.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,345 tons, 40.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,345 tons, 14.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
51,230 lbs / 23,237 Kg = 25.0 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 8.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
Metacentric height 5.9 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.30
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.588
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.78 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.55 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (67 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (17.00 ft / 5.18 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Stern: 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Average freeboard: 22.60 ft / 6.89 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 168.5 %
Waterplane Area: 53,038 Square feet or 4,927 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1,016 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.50
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Wednesday, February 01, 2006
How about a Japanese battleship: J/BB/1914
The next obvious series seemed to be the Japanese, and I would start with the 1914 battleship design: J/BB/1914. I found that to do what I expected the size was inflated. Springsharp likes the result, so I do as well. The obvious starting point was for a main armament of 12-14in guns in twin turrets and a 23 knot speed. I wanted a suitable range for Pacific warfare, so design has a range of 10,000nm at 15 knots. That probably is a factor in the size inflation. This is the Springsharp report:
J/BB/1914, Japan Battleship laid down 1914
Displacement:
29,105 t light; 30,700 t standard; 34,400 t normal; 37,360 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
686.96 ft / 685.00 ft x 102.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
209.38 m / 208.79 m x 31.09 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
12 - 14.00" / 356 mm guns (6x2 guns), 1,372.00lbs / 622.33kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, evenly spread, 3 raised mounts
16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
2 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 13.50lbs / 6.12kg shells, 1914 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 17,867 lbs / 8,104 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm submerged torpedo tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 128 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 11.00" / 279 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 50,548 shp / 37,709 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,660 tons
Complement:
1,262 - 1,641
Cost:
£4.031 million / $16.125 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,233 tons, 6.5 %
Armour: 10,924 tons, 31.8 %
- Belts: 2,812 tons, 8.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,265 tons, 3.7 %
- Armament: 3,875 tons, 11.3 %
- Armour Deck: 2,721 tons, 7.9 %
- Conning Tower: 251 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 1,947 tons, 5.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,000 tons, 40.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,295 tons, 15.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
49,233 lbs / 22,331 Kg = 35.9 x 14.0 " / 356 mm shells or 8.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.05
Metacentric height 5.6 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 18.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 76 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.96
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.53
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.556
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.72 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.17 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 43 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (67 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (17.00 ft / 5.18 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Stern: 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Average freeboard: 22.60 ft / 6.89 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 85.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 168.6 %
Waterplane Area: 49,031 Square feet or 4,555 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 202 lbs/sq ft or 988 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.55
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Tuesday, January 31, 2006
Another attempt at a super-fast battlecruiser
I thought it might be interesting to see what could be achieved with a very fast (my "super fast") light battlecruiser. The design is "light" in the sense that the armament has only four large caliber guns. Given my expertise with Springsharp, a 38 knot ship is very achievable, with the favored armament of 4-17in BLR and 16-QF guns. I have a very 1923-ish AA armament with 4-4.7in AA and 24-2pdr AA guns. The armor basis is 8in. The result is quite reasonable, if you accept that this is an acceptable thing to do:
GB/CB/1923, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1923 (Engine 1945)
Displacement:
37,977 t light; 39,287 t standard; 41,500 t normal; 43,271 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
873.06 ft / 867.00 ft x 95.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
266.11 m / 264.26 m x 28.96 m x 10.06 m
Armament:
4 - 17.00" / 432 mm guns (2x2 guns), 2,456.50lbs / 1,114.25kg shells, 1923 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (8x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1923 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (6x4 guns), 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 1923 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 10,594 lbs / 4,805 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 760.00 ft / 231.65 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 135 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 760.00 ft / 231.65 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, reciprocating cruising steam engines plus steam turbines,
Geared drive, 8 shafts, 308,750 ihp / 230,327 Kw = 38.00 kts
Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,984 tons
Complement:
1,453 - 1,889
Cost:
£12.310 million / $49.241 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,324 tons, 3.2 %
Armour: 7,563 tons, 18.2 %
- Belts: 2,919 tons, 7.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 900 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 1,356 tons, 3.3 %
- Armour Deck: 2,181 tons, 5.3 %
- Conning Tower: 207 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 12,787 tons, 30.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,302 tons, 39.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,523 tons, 8.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
33,396 lbs / 15,148 Kg = 13.6 x 17.0 " / 432 mm shells or 3.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 15.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.56
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.06
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.534
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.13 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 33.71 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Mid (50 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Stern: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Average freeboard: 30.40 ft / 9.27 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 156.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 231.9 %
Waterplane Area: 58,956 Square feet or 5,477 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 179 lbs/sq ft or 873 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.48
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, January 30, 2006
The US/CA/1941 design seems like a "Super Ship"
The US/CA/1941 design seems to be extremely capable, to the point of being a "super ship". This version increased the number of 5in DP guns to 16 and modernized the LAA armament with 40mm and 20mm guns. The number of 21in TT was increased to 10. This is the Springsharp report:
US/CA/1941, United States Heavy Cruiser laid down 1941 (Engine 1945)
Displacement:
17,372 t light; 18,060 t standard; 19,700 t normal; 21,012 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
699.71 ft / 695.00 ft x 67.00 ft x 25.00 ft (normal load)
213.27 m / 211.84 m x 20.42 m x 7.62 m
Armament:
12 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (4 mounts), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1941 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 4 raised guns - superfiring
16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (8x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1941 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
40 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (10x4 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
28 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm guns in single mounts, 0.24lbs / 0.11kg shells, 1941 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on centreline, all amidships, 20 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 4,157 lbs / 1,886 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
10 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 660.00 ft / 201.17 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 146 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 660.00 ft / 201.17 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.00" / 127 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
- Armour deck: 3.50" / 89 mm, Conning tower: 5.00" / 127 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 156,416 shp / 116,687 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,952 tons
Complement:
830 - 1,080
Cost:
£9.875 million / $39.501 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 520 tons, 2.6 %
Armour: 5,445 tons, 27.6 %
- Belts: 1,660 tons, 8.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 586 tons, 3.0 %
- Armament: 838 tons, 4.3 %
- Armour Deck: 2,281 tons, 11.6 %
- Conning Tower: 79 tons, 0.4 %
Machinery: 3,950 tons, 20.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,458 tons, 37.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,328 tons, 11.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
27,408 lbs / 12,432 Kg = 107.1 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 3.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 3.3 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 15.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.12
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.592
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.37 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.72 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (67 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.48 ft / 7.77 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 122.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.2 %
Waterplane Area: 35,234 Square feet or 3,273 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 126 lbs/sq ft or 614 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.63
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Sunday, January 29, 2006
The US/CA/1937 design
The US/CA/1937 design retains the 8-21in torpedo tubes. The armour deck is increased to 3.5in and the 8in turrets now have 5in on the faces and barbettes. The secondary armament has been modernized to 12-5in twin DP guns with 24-1.1in quadruple AA guns. The ship is flush-decked with a transom stern. They are superior to anything that the Japanese actually built, although they might well have at least matched in not bettered them. This is the Springsharp report:
US/CA/1937, United States Heavy Cruiser laid down 1937 (Engine 1941)
Displacement:
16,930 t light; 17,582 t standard; 19,250 t normal; 20,585 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
688.62 ft / 684.00 ft x 66.00 ft x 25.00 ft (normal load)
209.89 m / 208.48 m x 20.12 m x 7.62 m
Armament:
12 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (4 mounts), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1937 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 4 raised guns - superfiring
12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (6x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1937 Model
Dual purpose guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships
24 - 1.10" / 27.9 mm guns (6x4 guns), 0.67lbs / 0.30kg shells, 1937 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 3,838 lbs / 1,741 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
8 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 146 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 5.00" / 127 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm
- Armour deck: 3.50" / 89 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 155,483 shp / 115,990 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,003 tons
Complement:
816 - 1,062
Cost:
£8.568 million / $34.272 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 480 tons, 2.5 %
Armour: 5,276 tons, 27.4 %
- Belts: 1,635 tons, 8.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 577 tons, 3.0 %
- Armament: 779 tons, 4.0 %
- Armour Deck: 2,222 tons, 11.5 %
- Conning Tower: 62 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 4,109 tons, 21.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,065 tons, 36.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,320 tons, 12.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
25,470 lbs / 11,553 Kg = 99.5 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 3.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 3.3 ft / 1.0 m
Roll period: 15.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.74
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
and transom stern
Block coefficient: 0.597
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.36 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.47 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Mid (67 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Stern: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Average freeboard: 24.48 ft / 7.46 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 127.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 168.8 %
Waterplane Area: 34,312 Square feet or 3,188 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 111 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 124 lbs/sq ft or 606 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.52
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, January 28, 2006
The US/CA/1933 design
I hope that it goes without saying that the design series that I have been presenting are based on the premise of no Washington Naval Treaty, or any other limitation. The US/CA/1933 design now has ballooned to 18,800 tons normal, in order to reach 35 knots and still have adequate strength and seakeeping. It still seems that the US did not have an adequate light AA armament in this period. The first attempt at a better answer was the 1.1in MG gun, which is generally comparable to the Japanese 25mm gun. That was not really a mature weapon, and anyway, was too light. Oddly, the ultimate answer was to adopt the 20mm Oerlikon and the 40mm Bofors guns. This is the Springsharp report:
US/CA/1933, United States Heavy Cruiser laid down 1933 (Engine 1939)
Displacement:
16,435 t light; 17,056 t standard; 18,800 t normal; 20,195 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
669.71 ft / 665.00 ft x 65.00 ft x 24.00 ft (normal load)
204.13 m / 202.69 m x 19.81 m x 7.32 m
Armament:
12 - 8.00" / 203 mm guns (4 mounts), 256.00lbs / 116.12kg shells, 1933 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 4 raised guns - superfiring
8 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1933 Model
Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
16 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm guns in single mounts, 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 1933 Model
Machine guns in deck mounts
on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 3,573 lbs / 1,621 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
8 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 150 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 650.00 ft / 198.12 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 181,511 shp / 135,407 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,138 tons
Complement:
802 - 1,043
Cost:
£7.743 million / $30.972 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 447 tons, 2.4 %
Armour: 4,400 tons, 23.4 %
- Belts: 1,625 tons, 8.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 553 tons, 2.9 %
- Armament: 349 tons, 1.9 %
- Armour Deck: 1,811 tons, 9.6 %
- Conning Tower: 61 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 4,911 tons, 26.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,678 tons, 35.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,365 tons, 12.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
21,573 lbs / 9,786 Kg = 84.3 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
Metacentric height 3.6 ft / 1.1 m
Roll period: 14.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.634
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.23 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 25.79 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m (19.00 ft / 5.79 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 24.68 ft / 7.52 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 148.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 167.6 %
Waterplane Area: 32,637 Square feet or 3,032 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 120 lbs/sq ft or 586 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.61
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, January 27, 2006
Chuck Hawks has a page on Heavy Cruisers
Chuck Hawks has a 2-page section about heavy cruisers in the World War II period. The first page has a nice, but small photo of the Exeter. I always think that the Exeter's funnels have a slight rake, but when I check it with a vertically aligned window edge, they are exactly vertical, instead. Chuck compares specifications for heavy cruisers from the different navies.
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