The Capitani Romani class ships

I had been impressed by a report in Warship, from the 1970's, that one of the Capitani Romani class had made 43 knots in service. Frank Fox told me that he had found out the circumstances. The voyage was made essentially as a trial, with the determination to make a very high speed. That would mean that the ship was very light, as that was the only way to reach such a high speed. That probably meant running the plant at some percent of overload, as well, to achieve a very high power. If the ship were at a more normal service displacement, it would likely not be able to achieve 40 knots. At least, my experiments with my Warship General Design program and SpringSharp would indicate that.

An updated Ger/DD/1905 destroyer

I have a very German-looking drawing for the Ger/DD/1905 design from September 9, 2001. There is a 4in gun on the forecastle and then a torpedo tube in a well between the gun and the bridge structure. This version has twin funnels. The design is 270ft x 28ft x 9ft, with a normal displacement of 900 tons. The speed is 32 knots and the armament is 2-4in QF guns and 2-18in TT. The design does depend on lightweight machinery. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/DD/1905, Germany Destroyer laid down 1905 (Engine 1941)

Displacement:
 769 t light; 793 t standard; 900 t normal; 986 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 270.38 ft / 270.00 ft x 28.00 ft x 9.00 ft (normal load)
 82.41 m / 82.30 m x 8.53 m  x 2.74 m

Armament:
      2 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
 Weight of broadside 64 lbs / 29 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 160
 2 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 2 shafts, 27,801 shp / 20,739 Kw = 32.00 kts
 Range 3,750nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 193 tons

Complement:
 81 - 106

Cost:
 £0.100 million / $0.400 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 8 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 475 tons, 52.7 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 286 tons, 31.8 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 131 tons, 14.5 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   288 lbs / 130 Kg = 9.0 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.37
 Metacentric height 1.3 ft / 0.4 m
 Roll period: 10.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.20
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.463
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.64 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 16.43 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 73 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Mid (57 %):  18.00 ft / 5.49 m (10.00 ft / 3.05 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
    - Stern:  10.00 ft / 3.05 m
    - Average freeboard: 14.88 ft / 4.54 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 177.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 4,875 Square feet or 453 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 59 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 25 lbs/sq ft or 124 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.42
  - Longitudinal: 3.85
  - Overall: 0.53
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The Ger/DL/1914 design, based on the Sept. 9, 2001 drawing

I just tried the Ger/DL/1914 design, admittedly with light, high-power machinery, and it worked very well in Springsharp. The ship is 320ft x 33ft x 10ft, with a 1,250 ton normal displacement. The speed is a modest 32 knots and the armament is 4-4in QF guns, 6-21in TT in twin mounts, and there are 30 mines on rails at the stern. The ship has three funnels and is very German-looking with tubes in a well deck forward of the bridge. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/DL/1914, Germany Destroyer Leader laid down 1914 (Engine 1937)

Displacement:
 1,067 t light; 1,102 t standard; 1,250 t normal; 1,368 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 321.42 ft / 320.00 ft x 33.00 ft x 10.00 ft (normal load)
 97.97 m / 97.54 m x 10.06 m  x 3.05 m

Armament:
      4 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1914 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
 Weight of broadside 128 lbs / 58 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 150
 6 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 2 shafts, 29,789 shp / 22,223 Kw = 32.00 kts
 Range 4,200nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 266 tons

Complement:
 104 - 136

Cost:
 £0.176 million / $0.704 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 16 tons, 1.3 %
 Machinery: 626 tons, 50.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 395 tons, 31.6 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 183 tons, 14.7 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 30 tons, 2.4 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   414 lbs / 188 Kg = 12.9 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.37
 Metacentric height 1.6 ft / 0.5 m
 Roll period: 10.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.26
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.30

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.414
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.70 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 17.89 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 67 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Mid (47 %):  20.00 ft / 6.10 m (12.00 ft / 3.66 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
    - Stern:  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
    - Average freeboard: 16.08 ft / 4.90 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 174.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 112.0 %
 Waterplane Area: 6,558 Square feet or 609 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 69 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 28 lbs/sq ft or 137 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.43
  - Longitudinal: 2.82
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Back in 1971, I had a concept for a fast minelayer

I had been calling my German fast minelayer Ger/ML/1913, but probably Ger/DM/1913 is more appropriate, as it is a large destroyer-minelayer design. For some reason, I had thought that 2-6in guns was an appropriate armament, which I no longer believe. The dimensions are 350ft x 35ft. I had hoped for a 10ft draft and 1,600 ton displacement, but I had to go larger for draft and displacement to achieve adequate strength and seakeeping ability. The freeboard is also rather great. The design depends on high-power, lightweight machinery to be viable. The primary issue in Springsharp is the speed, as Springsharp requires too much power for the speed, in my opinion:

Ger/DM/1913, Germany Destroyer Minelayer laid down 1913 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 1,948 t light; 2,006 t standard; 2,150 t normal; 2,265 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 350.87 ft / 350.00 ft x 35.00 ft x 15.00 ft (normal load)
 106.95 m / 106.68 m x 10.67 m  x 4.57 m

Armament:
      2 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1913 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
 Weight of broadside 216 lbs / 98 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 125

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 2 shafts, 58,373 shp / 43,546 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 3,200nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 259 tons

Complement:
 157 - 205

Cost:
 £0.267 million / $1.070 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 27 tons, 1.3 %
 Machinery: 1,102 tons, 51.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 570 tons, 26.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 202 tons, 9.4 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 250 tons, 11.6 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   442 lbs / 201 Kg = 4.1 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
 Metacentric height 1.4 ft / 0.4 m
 Roll period: 12.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.34
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.410
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 18.71 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 70 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Mid (34 %):  22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Stern:  14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Average freeboard: 16.96 ft / 5.17 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 187.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 144.7 %
 Waterplane Area: 7,584 Square feet or 705 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 66 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 33 lbs/sq ft or 161 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.43
  - Longitudinal: 2.76
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The fast light cruiser Ger/CL/1914

I have the updated drawing I did in September 2001 for the Ger/CL/1914 design. The look is very German. There is a superfiring gun aft at the forecastle deck height. The armament is 9-5in QF guns. I used dimensions of 430ft x 40ft x 16ft, with a 3,500 ton displacement. The protection consists of a 2in deck and a 4in CT. This combination helped Springsharp do well, as it treated the design as a fast,light combatant:

Ger/CL/1914, Germany Light Cruiser laid down 1914

Displacement:
 2,974 t light; 3,097 t standard; 3,500 t normal; 3,822 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 432.87 ft / 430.00 ft x 40.00 ft x 16.00 ft (normal load)
 131.94 m / 131.06 m x 12.19 m  x 4.88 m

Armament:
      3 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1914 Model
   Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on centreline ends, majority aft, 1 raised mount aft
      6 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1914 Model
   Breech loading guns in deck mounts 
   on side, evenly spread
 Weight of broadside 563 lbs / 255 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Armour:

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 2 shafts, 48,865 shp / 36,453 Kw = 32.00 kts
 Range 4,200nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 725 tons

Complement:
 226 - 295

Cost:
 £0.514 million / $2.055 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 70 tons, 2.0 %
 Armour: 424 tons, 12.1 %
    - Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armament: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 404 tons, 11.6 %
    - Conning Tower: 20 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 1,717 tons, 49.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 762 tons, 21.8 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 526 tons, 15.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   896 lbs / 407 Kg = 14.3 x 5.0 " / 127 mm shells or 0.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.55
 Metacentric height 2.7 ft / 0.8 m
 Roll period: 10.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.30
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.39

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.445
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.75 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 20.74 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Mid (33 %):  22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Stern:  14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Average freeboard: 16.88 ft / 5.15 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 174.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 143.7 %
 Waterplane Area: 10,928 Square feet or 1,015 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 74 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 35 lbs/sq ft or 171 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.47
  - Longitudinal: 1.36
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

A radical recasting of the Ger/DD/1905 design

Another ship that I recast in 2001 was the Ger/DD/1905 destroyer. My old drawing from 1971 looked vaguely British. The new design is distinctly German with a short forecastle with a well deck containing the forward torpedo tube. One concession to Springsharp that I had to make was to raise the freeboard. That allowed me to keep the shallow draft (9ft). The dimensions are 270ft x 28ft x 9ft, with a normal displacement of 950 tons. The original 900 tons was probably a standard displacement. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/DD/1905, Germany Destroyer laid down 1905 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 817 t light; 845 t standard; 950 t normal; 1,034 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 270.40 ft / 270.00 ft x 28.00 ft x 9.00 ft (normal load)
 82.42 m / 82.30 m x 8.53 m  x 2.74 m

Armament:
      2 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on centreline, all forward
 Weight of broadside 64 lbs / 29 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 250
 2 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 2 shafts, 29,312 shp / 21,867 Kw = 32.00 kts
 Range 3,200nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 189 tons

Complement:
 85 - 111

Cost:
 £0.108 million / $0.432 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 8 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 518 tons, 54.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 291 tons, 30.6 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 133 tons, 14.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   269 lbs / 122 Kg = 8.4 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.37
 Metacentric height 1.3 ft / 0.4 m
 Roll period: 10.4 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.20
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.07

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.489
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.64 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 16.43 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 74 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Mid (30 %):  21.00 ft / 6.40 m (13.00 ft / 3.96 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
    - Stern:  13.00 ft / 3.96 m
    - Average freeboard: 15.56 ft / 4.74 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 183.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 130.0 %
 Waterplane Area: 4,986 Square feet or 463 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 52 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 24 lbs/sq ft or 119 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.41
  - Longitudinal: 4.25
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Why is the Ger/CB/1911 design so good?

I have a pencil drawing dating from September 2001 for the Ger/CB/1911 design. Unlike my 1971 efforts, this looks suitably German. What I don't understand is why the result is so good. It is especially perplexing, as it doesn't rely on lightweight machinery, unlike my latest efforts:

Ger/CB/1911, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1911

Displacement:
 25,562 t light; 26,454 t standard; 30,840 t normal; 34,348 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 751.00 ft / 750.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 26.17 ft (normal load)
 228.90 m / 228.60 m x 30.48 m  x 7.98 m

Armament:
      6 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x3 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1911 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1911 Model
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts 
   on side ends, evenly spread
 Weight of broadside 6,048 lbs / 2,743 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 127,427 shp / 95,060 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 7,200nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 7,894 tons

Complement:
 1,163 - 1,512

Cost:
 £2.254 million / $9.015 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 756 tons, 2.5 %
 Armour: 8,848 tons, 28.7 %
    - Belts: 2,902 tons, 9.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 925 tons, 3.0 %
    - Armament: 978 tons, 3.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,873 tons, 12.6 %
    - Conning Tower: 169 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 5,172 tons, 16.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,787 tons, 35.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,277 tons, 17.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   49,847 lbs / 22,610 Kg = 57.7 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 7.6 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.45
 Metacentric height 9.5 ft / 2.9 m
 Roll period: 13.7 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.19
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.14

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.550
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.50 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Mid (50 %):  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Stern:  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard: 20.56 ft / 6.27 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 171.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 52,342 Square feet or 4,863 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 153 lbs/sq ft or 748 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 1.00
  - Longitudinal: 1.06
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

I have a very German-looking drawing of the Ger/CS/1909

In the Fall of 2001, I did a series of German-looking drawings for ship designs from the 1971 building program game. I just did a Springsharp design for the Ger/CS/1909 design that works out pretty well. Springsharp is challenged by destroyer-type ships, and I needed to do two things to make the design work. The main issue was seakeeping ability. To achieve adequate performance, I needed to lighten the machinery by advancing the date and I needed to increase the freeboard by several feet. That was sufficient. I had originally struggled with this ship and had lowered speed and increased the draft abnormally. An odd feature of Springsharp is that it looks at the armament settings for guns in the list that are set to zero and gives warning messages. Here is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CS/1909, Germany Scout Cruiser laid down 1909 (Engine 1941)

Displacement:
 1,574 t light; 1,631 t standard; 1,800 t normal; 1,935 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 350.45 ft / 350.00 ft x 37.00 ft x 12.00 ft (normal load)
 106.82 m / 106.68 m x 11.28 m  x 3.66 m

Armament:
      4 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1909 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on centreline, evenly spread
   Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
 Weight of broadside 250 lbs / 113 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 150
 2 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 2 shafts, 52,349 shp / 39,052 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 4,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 305 tons

Complement:
 137 - 179

Cost:
 £0.221 million / $0.882 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 31 tons, 1.7 %
 Machinery: 994 tons, 55.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 549 tons, 30.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 226 tons, 12.6 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   459 lbs / 208 Kg = 7.3 x 5.0 " / 127 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.47
 Metacentric height 2.2 ft / 0.7 m
 Roll period: 10.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.27
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.02

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.405
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.46 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 18.71 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 70 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
    - Mid (32 %):  22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Stern:  14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Average freeboard: 16.82 ft / 5.13 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 191.4 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 152.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 7,997 Square feet or 743 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 60 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 34 lbs/sq ft or 165 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.44
  - Longitudinal: 2.42
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My ideas in the mid-to-late 1970's for a large battleship

In the 1970's, I was very interested in reducing the length of the armored citadel in battleships and battlecruisers. This is a design study that I did in the mid-to-late 1970's for a battleship with 27 knot speed and 8-20in/45 guns. The armor basis is only 16in. The dimensions are 935ft x 125ft x 35ft. There are two quadruple turrets forward, with the second superfiring the first. The secondary armament is at the upper deck level with 6-4in AA guns a level higher. The bridge structure is vaguely influenced byu the Richelieu, as is the armament layout. This is the Stringsharp report:

GB/BB/1927, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1927

Displacement:
 60,794 t light; 63,666 t standard; 67,500 t normal; 70,567 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 930.52 ft / 925.00 ft x 125.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
 283.62 m / 281.94 m x 38.10 m  x 10.67 m

Armament:
      8 - 20.00" / 508 mm guns (2x4 guns), 4,000.00lbs / 1,814.37kg shells, 1927 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
      16 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (6 mounts), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1927 Model
   Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side ends, evenly spread
      6 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1927 Model
   Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 33,920 lbs / 15,386 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 93 % of normal length

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 10.0" / 254 mm  16.0" / 406 mm
 2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 3rd: 2.00" / 51 mm       -         -

   - Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 129,971 shp / 96,958 Kw = 27.00 kts
 Range 8,750nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,900 tons

Complement:
 2,093 - 2,722

Cost:
 £22.777 million / $91.109 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 4,240 tons, 6.3 %
 Armour: 21,805 tons, 32.3 %
    - Belts: 6,650 tons, 9.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armament: 5,338 tons, 7.9 %
    - Armour Deck: 9,245 tons, 13.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 571 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 4,103 tons, 6.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 30,647 tons, 45.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,706 tons, 9.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   102,633 lbs / 46,554 Kg = 25.7 x 20.0 " / 508 mm shells or 6.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
 Metacentric height 8.1 ft / 2.5 m
 Roll period: 18.4 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.91
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.50

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.584
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.40 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 30.41 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  36.00 ft / 10.97 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Mid (50 %):  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Stern:  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Average freeboard: 27.72 ft / 8.45 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 66.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 204.7 %
 Waterplane Area: 83,292 Square feet or 7,738 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 267 lbs/sq ft or 1,304 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.43
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

The very fast version of the GB/CB/1910 design

The GB/CB/1910 design is an updated version of the GB/CB/1905 and 1907 designs with thicker belt (8in) and 13.5in/45 guns. The secondary battery is too light with only 8-4in QF guns in twin mounts with shields. The length is slightly longer at 775ft. The displacement ballooned to 33,000 tons. By using lightweight machinery, the speed was still good for 36.5 knots. The 1973 version had hoped to make 44.3 knots with 300,000 SHP. That much power would need 6 shafts, due to the 75,000 SHP per shaft physical limit. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1910 Very Fast, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1910 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 29,503 t light; 30,396 t standard; 33,000 t normal; 35,083 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 775.00 ft / 775.00 ft x 92.00 ft x 29.00 ft (normal load)
 236.22 m / 236.22 m x 28.04 m  x 8.84 m

Armament:
      4 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1910 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1910 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 5,177 lbs / 2,348 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 119 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  10.0" / 254 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 284,675 shp / 212,367 Kw = 36.50 kts
 Range 8,500nm at 16.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 4,687 tons

Complement:
 1,223 - 1,591

Cost:
 £2.768 million / $11.072 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 647 tons, 2.0 %
 Armour: 8,323 tons, 25.2 %
    - Belts: 3,357 tons, 10.2 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 866 tons, 2.6 %
    - Armament: 1,139 tons, 3.5 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,784 tons, 8.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 177 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 8,513 tons, 25.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 12,020 tons, 36.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,497 tons, 10.6 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   42,585 lbs / 19,316 Kg = 34.6 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 4.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.28
 Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 14.7 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.30
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.559
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.42 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.84 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  34.00 ft / 10.36 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
    - Mid (67 %):  31.00 ft / 9.45 m (23.00 ft / 7.01 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Stern:  23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Average freeboard: 28.60 ft / 8.72 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 125.9 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 224.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 50,162 Square feet or 4,660 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 156 lbs/sq ft or 762 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.96
  - Longitudinal: 1.50
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

This is the very fast version of the GB/CB/1907 design

I also had minimal specifications for the very fast version of the GB/CB/1907 design. This had 4-12in/50 guns and slightly thicker armor (5in belt). It was planned to be extravagantly fast: 43.9 knots. In fact, only 36.5 knots is possible, and that only with very light machinery. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1907 Very Fast, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1907 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 24,778 t light; 25,532 t standard; 27,500 t normal; 29,075 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 87.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
 234.70 m / 234.70 m x 26.52 m  x 8.23 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1907 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1907 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side ends, majority aft
 Weight of broadside 4,428 lbs / 2,009 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 5.00" / 127 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 120 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 249,641 shp / 186,232 Kw = 36.50 kts
 Range 8,200nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,543 tons

Complement:
 1,067 - 1,388

Cost:
 £2.377 million / $9.509 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 554 tons, 2.0 %
 Armour: 6,409 tons, 23.3 %
    - Belts: 2,086 tons, 7.6 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 833 tons, 3.0 %
    - Armament: 822 tons, 3.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,552 tons, 9.3 %
    - Conning Tower: 118 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 7,465 tons, 27.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,350 tons, 37.6 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,722 tons, 9.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   33,579 lbs / 15,231 Kg = 38.9 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 3.8 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.30
 Metacentric height 6.5 ft / 2.0 m
 Roll period: 14.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.29
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.532
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.85 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Mid (67 %):  29.00 ft / 8.84 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Stern:  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard: 26.60 ft / 8.11 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 134.1 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 219.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 45,977 Square feet or 4,271 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 147 lbs/sq ft or 717 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.37
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The very fast version of the GB/CB/1905 design

In 1973, I had redesigned the GB/CB/1905 and others into much faster ships. My system was faulty, in the sense that I had hoped that 218,000 SHP would produce 43.4 knots. With Springsharp, I was able to reach 35.5 knots with about that much power. The basic design was for a ship with 4-12in/45 and 9-6in QF guns. The armor belt was only 4in, although turrets and barbettes could be thicker. I did increase the deck armor to 3in. The displacement was 26,500 tons, instead of the original 25,000 tons. I also opted for lighter weight machinery. The dimensions are 770ft x 85ft x 26ft. This is the new Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1905 Very Fast, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1923)

Displacement:
 23,849 t light; 24,583 t standard; 26,500 t normal; 28,034 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
 234.70 m / 234.70 m x 25.91 m  x 7.92 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side ends, majority aft
 Weight of broadside 4,428 lbs / 2,009 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 120 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 600.00 ft / 182.88 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 218,457 shp / 162,969 Kw = 35.50 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,451 tons

Complement:
 1,038 - 1,350

Cost:
 £2.322 million / $9.287 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 554 tons, 2.1 %
 Armour: 5,960 tons, 22.5 %
    - Belts: 1,667 tons, 6.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 833 tons, 3.1 %
    - Armament: 822 tons, 3.1 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,523 tons, 9.5 %
    - Conning Tower: 115 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 7,301 tons, 27.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,034 tons, 37.9 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,651 tons, 10.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   31,613 lbs / 14,339 Kg = 36.6 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 3.6 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.30
 Metacentric height 6.3 ft / 1.9 m
 Roll period: 14.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.33
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.12

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.545
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Mid (67 %):  29.00 ft / 8.84 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Stern:  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard: 26.60 ft / 8.11 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 137.4 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 223.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 45,465 Square feet or 4,224 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 144 lbs/sq ft or 703 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.31
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A new Ger/BB/1916 design study

This design study is based on what seems to be the definitive specification for the Ger/BB/1916 battleship design. These are the values specified:

• Dimensions: 760ft x 132ft x 36.5ft
• Displacement: 65,000 tons
• Hull depth: 65ft
• Cp: 0.64
• Cm: 0.97
• Power: 81,250 SHP
• Armament: 9-18in/45 and 24-5in QF guns
• Hull weight: 22,171 tons
• Machinery (30SHP/ton): 2,700 tons
• Armament: 3,358 tons
• Protection: 34,663 tons
• Aux. Mach: 2,100 tons
• Fuel: 2,800 tons, maximum
• Feed Water: 420 tons

This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/BB/1916, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1921)

Displacement:
 59,036 t light; 61,582 t standard; 65,000 t normal; 67,734 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 764.24 ft / 760.00 ft x 132.00 ft x 36.50 ft (normal load)
 232.94 m / 231.65 m x 40.23 m  x 11.13 m

Armament:
      9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 27,744 lbs / 12,584 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 113 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 35.00 ft / 10.67 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 20.0" / 508 mm 12.0" / 305 mm  18.0" / 457 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 20.00" / 508 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 81,805 shp / 61,026 Kw = 23.50 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,152 tons

Complement:
 2,035 - 2,646

Cost:
 £8.793 million / $35.174 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,468 tons, 5.3 %
 Armour: 28,624 tons, 44.0 %
    - Belts: 7,369 tons, 11.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,901 tons, 4.5 %
    - Armament: 6,581 tons, 10.1 %
    - Armour Deck: 11,077 tons, 17.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 697 tons, 1.1 %
 Machinery: 2,817 tons, 4.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 24,127 tons, 37.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,964 tons, 9.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   114,835 lbs / 52,088 Kg = 39.4 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 26.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
 Metacentric height 9.2 ft / 2.8 m
 Roll period: 18.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 82 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.60
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.64

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.621
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.76 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.57 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Mid (50 %):  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Stern:  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Average freeboard: 25.56 ft / 7.79 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 64.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 175.1 %
 Waterplane Area: 74,842 Square feet or 6,953 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 242 lbs/sq ft or 1,182 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.70
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

I have a sheet that must go with a drawing I have seen for an alternate GB/CB/1905 design

This is more like what Frank Fox and David K. Brown had recommended to me in 2001. They had actually recommended 8-12in guns and a 6in belt, with less speed than 32 or 33 knots. This seems to be an alternate specification that would accompany a drawing I have seen for an alternate GB/CB/1905 design with 6-12in and 8-6in guns. The belt would be 4-6in and the speed would be 31.2knots. To achieve adequate hull strength, I needed to cheat in Springsharp and use lighter-weight machinery. The ship is very pleasant three twin turrets, the second in a superfiring position, a tripod foremast and twin funnels with the fore funnel raised. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1905 Design Study, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1905 (Engine 1910)

Displacement:
 22,796 t light; 23,601 t standard; 26,500 t normal; 28,819 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
 234.70 m / 234.70 m x 25.91 m  x 7.92 m

Armament:
      6 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (3x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships
 Weight of broadside 6,048 lbs / 2,743 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 108 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 130,202 shp / 97,130 Kw = 31.20 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 5,218 tons

Complement:
 1,038 - 1,350

Cost:
 £2.186 million / $8.744 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 756 tons, 2.9 %
 Armour: 5,948 tons, 22.4 %
    - Belts: 1,795 tons, 6.8 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 999 tons, 3.8 %
    - Armament: 1,318 tons, 5.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,682 tons, 6.3 %
    - Conning Tower: 153 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,380 tons, 20.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,711 tons, 40.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,704 tons, 14.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   38,534 lbs / 17,479 Kg = 44.6 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.9 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
 Metacentric height 5.2 ft / 1.6 m
 Roll period: 15.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 74 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.64
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.48

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.545
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Mid (67 %):  30.00 ft / 9.14 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Stern:  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Average freeboard: 27.60 ft / 8.41 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 114.4 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 231.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 45,465 Square feet or 4,224 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 116 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 152 lbs/sq ft or 743 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.96
  - Longitudinal: 1.37
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

A battlecruiser design study

I have a pencil drawing from the early 1970's for a battlecruiser with 6-12in/50 and 8-6.7in guns. Presumably, it was intended to be German, because of the 6.7in guns. It was not intended to have particularly lightweight machinery, and didn't specify a speed, but the power. These are the incomplete specifications:

Displacement=29,000 tons
Length=730ft
Cp=0.57
Cm=0.97
6-12in/50 and 8-6.7in BLR
Power=140,000 SHP
Machinery=8,750 tons
Hull=12,180 tons
Armament=975 tons
Protection=5,750 tons
Miscellaneous=2,320 tons

From that, I hypothesized a 90ft beam and a 27ft draft. The secondary armament is in twin turrets. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CB/1910 Design Study, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1910

Displacement:
 22,948 t light; 23,820 t standard; 29,000 t normal; 33,144 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 730.00 ft / 730.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
 222.50 m / 222.50 m x 27.43 m  x 8.23 m

Armament:
     6 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x3 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1910 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
     8 - 6.70" / 170 mm guns (4x2 guns), 150.38lbs / 68.21kg shells, 1910 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side, all amidships
 Weight of broadside 6,387 lbs / 2,897 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
  - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 97 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

  - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m

  - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

  - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 140,428 shp / 104,760 Kw = 31.00 kts
 Range 8,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 9,324 tons

Complement:
 1,110 - 1,444

Cost:
 £2.286 million / $9.145 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 798 tons, 2.8 %
 Armour: 5,754 tons, 19.8 %
    - Belts: 2,010 tons, 6.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 664 tons, 2.3 %
    - Armament: 1,186 tons, 4.1 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,732 tons, 6.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 163 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,803 tons, 20.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,592 tons, 36.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,052 tons, 20.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   42,284 lbs / 19,180 Kg = 48.9 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 5.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.33
 Metacentric height 7.0 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 14.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.31

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.572
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.11 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.02 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Mid (65 %):  28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Stern:  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard: 25.52 ft / 7.78 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 110.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 205.2 %
 Waterplane Area: 46,816 Square feet or 4,349 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 153 lbs/sq ft or 747 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.96
  - Longitudinal: 1.40
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

Apparently, the 26,000 ton battleship was supposed to have 12in guns

I have a sheet with some notes that the 26,000 ton battleship drawing had 8-12in guns and some notes about armor thickness on turret and barbette. The armor basis appears to have been only 10in, with oddly thin turret faces and thick tops. That is the sort of feature that my friend Cliff with have, as he was an experimenter. The dimensions were 570ft x 105ft x 25.7ft with a displacement of 26,000 tons. I treated that here as if it were normal, not standard. The benefit of a design like this is that they tend to have better seakeeping ability than the tighter designs. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/BB/1908 Design Study, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1908

Displacement:
 22,148 t light; 22,997 t standard; 26,000 t normal; 28,403 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 570.00 ft / 570.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 25.70 ft (normal load)
 173.74 m / 173.74 m x 32.00 m  x 7.83 m

Armament:
      8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1908 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1908 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships
 Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 8.00" / 203 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 10.0" / 254 mm  10.0" / 254 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm       -         -

   - Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 47,120 shp / 35,151 Kw = 23.00 kts
 Range 7,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 5,406 tons

Complement:
 1,023 - 1,330

Cost:
 £1.874 million / $7.498 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 912 tons, 3.5 %
 Armour: 9,700 tons, 37.3 %
    - Belts: 2,375 tons, 9.1 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 657 tons, 2.5 %
    - Armament: 1,658 tons, 6.4 %
    - Armour Deck: 4,821 tons, 18.5 %
    - Conning Tower: 189 tons, 0.7 %
 Machinery: 2,380 tons, 9.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,156 tons, 35.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,852 tons, 14.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   51,600 lbs / 23,405 Kg = 59.7 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 10.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.25
 Metacentric height 8.0 ft / 2.5 m
 Roll period: 15.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 73 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.45

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak, raised quarterdeck 
 Block coefficient: 0.592
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.43 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 23.87 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Mid (67 %):  26.00 ft / 7.92 m (18.00 ft / 5.49 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m (0.00 ft / 0.00 m before break)
    - Stern:  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard: 21.90 ft / 6.68 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 69.9 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.2 %
 Waterplane Area: 43,432 Square feet or 4,035 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 120 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 159 lbs/sq ft or 778 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.77
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

A better approach to more speed

A better way to reach higher speed is to increase the length. By doing that, I provided better protection, while achieving better seakeeping and slightly less draft, although too great at 38ft. The new dimensions were 950ft x 110ft x 38ft with a displacement of 47,500 tons. The speed was still 42 knots. The armament was the same with 6-18in and 12-5in QF guns. This is the final Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1916 Design Study Alt-2, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 43,592 t light; 46,075 t standard; 47,500 t normal; 48,640 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 951.99 ft / 950.00 ft x 110.00 ft x 38.00 ft (normal load)
 290.17 m / 289.56 m x 33.53 m  x 11.58 m

Armament:
      6 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships
 Weight of broadside 18,246 lbs / 8,276 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 104 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 8 shafts, 535,448 shp / 399,444 Kw = 42.00 kts
 Range 4,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,565 tons

Complement:
 1,608 - 2,091

Cost:
 £8.566 million / $34.265 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,281 tons, 4.8 %
 Armour: 4,899 tons, 10.3 %
    - Belts: 960 tons, 2.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armament: 1,362 tons, 2.9 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,408 tons, 5.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 170 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 12,810 tons, 27.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 23,602 tons, 49.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,908 tons, 8.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   38,157 lbs / 17,308 Kg = 13.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 2.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
 Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
 Roll period: 16.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.69
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.10

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.419
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.64 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 30.82 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  38.00 ft / 11.58 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Mid (50 %):  33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Stern:  33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Average freeboard: 33.40 ft / 10.18 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 124.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 254.4 %
 Waterplane Area: 65,089 Square feet or 6,047 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 226 lbs/sq ft or 1,105 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.93
  - Longitudinal: 2.00
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

I wanted to see if I could get more speed

I wanted to see if I could get more speed from the design, while altering specifications as little as possible. I was able to achieve 42 knots, although at the expense of seakeeping and pretection. The displacement had to rise, and the draft is almost unmanageably great. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1916 Design Study-Alt1, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 39,566 t light; 41,237 t standard; 42,650 t normal; 43,781 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 852.04 ft / 850.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 41.00 ft (normal load)
 259.70 m / 259.08 m x 32.00 m  x 12.50 m

Armament:
      6 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships
 Weight of broadside 18,246 lbs / 8,276 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  5.00" / 127 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm       -         -

   - Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 5.00" / 127 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 8 shafts, 530,596 shp / 395,824 Kw = 42.00 kts
 Range 4,900nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,544 tons

Complement:
 1,483 - 1,929

Cost:
 £8.309 million / $33.236 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,281 tons, 5.3 %
 Armour: 3,194 tons, 7.5 %
    - Belts: 753 tons, 1.8 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armament: 1,289 tons, 3.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,021 tons, 2.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 131 tons, 0.3 %
 Machinery: 12,694 tons, 29.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 21,397 tons, 50.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,084 tons, 7.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   27,704 lbs / 12,566 Kg = 9.5 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 2.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
 Metacentric height 6.7 ft / 2.0 m
 Roll period: 17.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.87
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.408
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.10 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  39.00 ft / 11.89 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
    - Mid (75 %):  34.00 ft / 10.36 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 34.00 ft / 10.36 m
    - Stern:  34.00 ft / 10.36 m
    - Average freeboard: 34.40 ft / 10.49 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 135.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 241.1 %
 Waterplane Area: 55,199 Square feet or 5,128 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 91 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 229 lbs/sq ft or 1,118 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.90
  - Longitudinal: 2.73
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Fast battlecruisers, yet again

There is this page in the "Red Book" with specifications for a battlecruiser that could make (I hesistate to write it) 50 knots. It was to be 850ft x 105ft and 37,500 tons normal displacement. The armament was 6-18in/45 and 12-5in QF guns. It was to need 457,000 SHP to reach 50 knots, which is not possible. The hope was to be able to generate 548,000 SHP by pressing the machinery. I did a preliminary Springsharp design based on that, with a 40 knot speed. I had weights to work with from the specification:

• Hull=12,900 tons
• Aux. Mach.=1,500 tons
• Machinery=11,420 tons
• Armament=2,758 tons
• Protection=4,502 tons
• Misc.=2,880 tons

This is the Springsharp design that tried to come as close to that as possible. The hull weight was greater, in order to achieve a reasonable strength:

GB/CB/1916 Design Study, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 34,837 t light; 36,405 t standard; 37,500 t normal; 38,376 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 851.89 ft / 850.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 37.00 ft (normal load)
 259.66 m / 259.08 m x 32.00 m  x 11.28 m

Armament:
      6 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships
 Weight of broadside 18,246 lbs / 8,276 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 590.00 ft / 179.83 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 107 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  5.00" / 127 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm       -         -

   - Armour deck: 1.00" / 25 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 6 shafts, 397,020 shp / 296,177 Kw = 40.00 kts
 Range 4,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,971 tons

Complement:
 1,346 - 1,751

Cost:
 £7.306 million / $29.225 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,281 tons, 6.1 %
 Armour: 3,181 tons, 8.5 %
    - Belts: 883 tons, 2.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armament: 1,139 tons, 3.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,015 tons, 2.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 145 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 9,498 tons, 25.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,878 tons, 53.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,663 tons, 7.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   28,420 lbs / 12,891 Kg = 9.7 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
 Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 16.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.81
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.397
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.10 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  36.00 ft / 10.97 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Mid (75 %):  32.00 ft / 9.75 m (24.00 ft / 7.32 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Stern:  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Average freeboard: 30.32 ft / 9.24 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 126.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 238.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 54,861 Square feet or 5,097 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 93 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 228 lbs/sq ft or 1,113 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.91
  - Longitudinal: 2.30
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The Ger/BB/1916 design

I have this nice pencil drawing of the inboard profile of what is labelled as the Ger/BB/1916. I have attributed 20in guns to this ship in the past, and did so again. That gives the ship 9-20in/45 and 24-5in QF guns (in twin mounts). The length is rather short, being 760ft. The ship is flush-decked with two funnels. I did a Springsharp report based on what I believe to be the sort of specifications that I had intended:

Ger/BB/1916, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
 63,597 t light; 66,677 t standard; 70,000 t normal; 72,659 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 761.68 ft / 760.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
 232.16 m / 231.65 m x 39.62 m  x 10.67 m

Armament:
      9 - 20.00" / 508 mm guns (3x3 guns), 4,000.00lbs / 1,814.37kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 37,500 lbs / 17,010 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 83 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 11.0" / 279 mm  18.0" / 457 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 131,101 shp / 97,801 Kw = 26.00 kts
 Range 7,200nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 5,982 tons

Complement:
 2,151 - 2,797

Cost:
 £11.034 million / $44.134 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 4,688 tons, 6.7 %
 Armour: 27,384 tons, 39.1 %
    - Belts: 5,518 tons, 7.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,063 tons, 2.9 %
    - Armament: 7,336 tons, 10.5 %
    - Armour Deck: 11,809 tons, 16.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 659 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 4,138 tons, 5.9 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 27,387 tons, 39.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,403 tons, 9.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   97,531 lbs / 44,239 Kg = 24.4 x 20.0 " / 508 mm shells or 16.8 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
 Metacentric height 8.7 ft / 2.7 m
 Roll period: 18.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 61 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.74
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.21

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.709
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.85 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.57 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Mid (50 %):  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Stern:  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Average freeboard: 26.48 ft / 8.07 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 183.7 %
 Waterplane Area: 79,792 Square feet or 7,413 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 96 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 261 lbs/sq ft or 1,273 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.63
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily