A close rendering of the original Ger/CB/1911 design

I had originally conceived of the Ger/CB/1911 as having a 140,000 SHP machinery, producing 40 SHP/ton of machinery weight. The armament was modest, with 6-12in/50 and 8-6in/50 guns. The side armour was inclined at 20 degrees and there were two armoured decks: the upper was 5in and the lower was 3in. The torpedo bulkhead was 2in, while the turrets and barbettes were 8in at the thickest, while the turrets had 6in sides, top, and rear. This is a photograph of one of the ships:

This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CB/1911, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1911 (Engine 1941)

Displacement:
 25,805 t light; 26,959 t standard; 31,050 t normal; 34,323 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (756.00 ft / 750.00 ft) x 100.00 ft x (30.00 / 32.33 ft)
 (230.43 m / 228.60 m) x 30.48 m  x (9.14 / 9.85 m)

Armament:
      6 - 12.00" / 305 mm 50.0 cal guns - 915.00lbs / 415.04kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1911 Model
   2 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 114.00lbs / 51.71kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1911 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      Weight of broadside 6,402 lbs / 2,904 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 5.00" / 127 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
   Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 8.00" / 203 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 140,475 shp / 104,795 Kw = 31.00 kts
 Range 12,000nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 7,363 tons

Complement:
 1,169 - 1,520

Cost:
 £2.088 million / $8.352 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,354 tons, 4.4 %
 Armour: 9,494 tons, 30.6 %
    - Belts: 1,908 tons, 6.1 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 888 tons, 2.9 %
    - Armament: 1,144 tons, 3.7 %
    - Armour Deck: 5,383 tons, 17.3 %
    - Conning Tower: 170 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 3,712 tons, 12.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,245 tons, 36.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,245 tons, 16.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   64,532 lbs / 29,271 Kg = 74.7 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 10.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.28
 Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
 Roll period: 15.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 79 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.33
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.57

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.483 / 0.495
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.50 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  35.00 ft / 10.67 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Aft deck: 25.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Average freeboard:  27.52 ft / 8.39 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 209.2 %
 Waterplane Area: 49,212 Square feet or 4,572 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 134 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 160 lbs/sq ft or 783 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.77
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

My design for a 1950 Dutch battlecruiser: the Wapen van Zeeland

I would build this class of four Dutch battlecruisers that are trying tohave a more modern outlook on fast capital ship design: the Wapen van Zeeland, Gouden Leeuw, Eendracht, and Nassau. I call the design the NL/CB/1950. The ships would obviously need operate under air cover, but could deliver shore bombardments and back lesser ships in blockades. This is the Springsharp report:

Wapen van Zeeland (NL/CB/1950), Netherlands Battlecruiser laid down 1950

Displacement:
 32,216 t light; 33,434 t standard; 37,994 t normal; 41,643 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (870.95 ft / 854.00 ft) x 106.00 ft x (26.00 / 27.91 ft)
 (265.47 m / 260.30 m) x 32.31 m  x (7.92 / 8.51 m)

Armament:
      6 - 12.00" / 305 mm 55.0 cal guns - 935.00lbs / 424.11kg shells, 120 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1950 Model
   2 x Single mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm 65.0 cal guns - 70.00lbs / 31.75kg shells, 150 per gun
   Dual purpose guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1950 Model
   6 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      16 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 6.33lbs / 2.87kg shells, 250 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1950 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 6,551 lbs / 2,972 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 580.00 ft / 176.78 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 104 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 580.00 ft / 176.78 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 7.00" / 178 mm  10.0" / 254 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  3.00" / 76 mm
 3rd: 1.00" / 25 mm       -   1.00" / 25 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 4.00" / 102 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 10.00" / 254 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 246,074 shp / 183,571 Kw = 36.00 kts
 Range 12,000nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 8,209 tons

Complement:
 1,359 - 1,768

Cost:
 £21.276 million / $85.106 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,839 tons, 4.8 %
 Armour: 10,327 tons, 27.2 %
    - Belts: 2,339 tons, 6.2 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,232 tons, 5.9 %
    - Armament: 1,822 tons, 4.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,690 tons, 9.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 243 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,887 tons, 15.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,163 tons, 37.3 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,779 tons, 15.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   74,234 lbs / 33,672 Kg = 85.9 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 12.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.34
 Metacentric height 9.1 ft / 2.8 m
 Roll period: 14.7 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.22
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and large transom stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.565 / 0.577
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.06 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 33.68 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 22.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  37.00 ft / 11.28 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 25.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Average freeboard:  28.39 ft / 8.65 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 85.4 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 250.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 66,726 Square feet or 6,199 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 129 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 166 lbs/sq ft or 808 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.24
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A large German heavy cruiser: the Ger/CA/1937

This is my design for an outsized German heavy cruiser with 9-9.4in BLR, 12-4.1in AA, and 32-37mm AA guns. The belt is 5in and the deck is 2in. The speed is 33 knots and the range is 12,000nm at 15 knots. I had an idea that this would be a commerce raider. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CA/1937, Germany Heavy Cruiser laid down 1937

Displacement:
 17,022 t light; 17,813 t standard; 20,050 t normal; 21,839 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (757.84 ft / 745.00 ft) x 82.00 ft x (21.00 / 22.47 ft)
 (230.99 m / 227.08 m) x 24.99 m  x (6.40 / 6.85 m)

Armament:
      9 - 9.40" / 239 mm 55.0 cal guns - 450.00lbs / 204.12kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1937 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 4.10" / 104 mm 55.0 cal guns - 36.00lbs / 16.33kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1937 Model
   8 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  8 raised mounts
      32 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 65.0 cal guns - 1.71lbs / 0.78kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1937 Model
   16 x Twin mounts on sides amidships
  16 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 4,681 lbs / 2,123 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 5.00" / 127 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 21.00 ft / 6.40 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  1.00" / 25 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 139,837 shp / 104,318 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 4,025 tons

Complement:
 842 - 1,095

Cost:
 £9.137 million / $36.549 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,276 tons, 6.4 %
 Armour: 3,713 tons, 18.5 %
    - Belts: 1,219 tons, 6.1 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 381 tons, 1.9 %
    - Armament: 797 tons, 4.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,220 tons, 6.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 95 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 3,876 tons, 19.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,158 tons, 40.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,027 tons, 15.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   30,442 lbs / 13,808 Kg = 73.3 x 9.4 " / 239 mm shells or 3.9 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
 Metacentric height 5.2 ft / 1.6 m
 Roll period: 15.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.46
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.13

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.547 / 0.557
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.09 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.29 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 15.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 4.00 ft / 1.22 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Aft deck: 30.00 %,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Quarter deck: 20.00 %,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Average freeboard:  24.71 ft / 7.53 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 115.8 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 228.4 %
 Waterplane Area: 42,514 Square feet or 3,950 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 121 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 141 lbs/sq ft or 690 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.16
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

An "improved" Super Lion

I thought that we needed to experiment with yesterday's Super Lion design to see if we could "improve" the protection. I increased the beam, as that helps increase hull strength without large increases in displacement. The armament is unchanged, but I tried an 8in lower belt and barbettes. The turrets now have 5in as the minimum protection. That was sufficient to make a modest improvement, although at a cost. Yesterday's ship was a £3.352 million ship, while today's is a £3.560 million ship. The standard displacement rose from 32,963 tons to 36,905 tons. This is the Springsharp report for the modified version:

GB/CB/1912 Super Lion-Modified, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1912

Displacement:
 35,058 t light; 36,905 t standard; 42,234 t normal; 46,498 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (815.00 ft / 812.00 ft) x 108.00 ft x (28.00 / 30.32 ft)
 (248.41 m / 247.50 m) x 32.92 m  x (8.53 / 9.24 m)

Armament:
      10 - 15.00" / 381 mm 42.0 cal guns - 1,920.00lbs / 870.90kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1912 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
   1 x Twin mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      16 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1912 Model
   16 x Single mounts on sides amidships
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 19,716 lbs / 8,943 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 200.00 ft / 60.96 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   52.00 ft / 15.85 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 5.00" / 127 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 106 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 465.00 ft / 141.73 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 153,867 shp / 114,785 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 9,592 tons

Complement:
 1,472 - 1,914

Cost:
 £3.560 million / $14.239 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,677 tons, 6.3 %
 Armour: 8,801 tons, 20.8 %
    - Belts: 2,696 tons, 6.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 963 tons, 2.3 %
    - Armament: 2,841 tons, 6.7 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,091 tons, 5.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 209 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 6,135 tons, 14.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 17,444 tons, 41.3 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,177 tons, 17.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   66,017 lbs / 29,945 Kg = 39.1 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 8.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.25
 Metacentric height 8.4 ft / 2.6 m
 Roll period: 15.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.76
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.19

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.602 / 0.612
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.52 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.50 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Aft deck: 8.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Quarter deck: 32.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.68 ft / 7.83 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 97.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 232.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 64,259 Square feet or 5,970 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 120 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1,018 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.26
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

An odd Super Lion design from the early 1970's

I have a Super Lion drawing, dating from the early 1970's, showing a very large ship with very thin armour covering a large area for one of my designs. Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta handles it very nicely. The greatest challenge was to reduce the recoil below 1.0. I had to reduce the intended freeboard by 2ft. There are the usual five twin turrets mounting 10-15in/42 guns. The secondary armament was left to the imagination, so I adopted 16-4in QF guns in shields with armoured hoists. The deck armour is 3in and the torpedo bulkhead is 2in. The side armour is extremely thin. Most is only 4in thick. There is a slim patch of 6in armour, 8ft high, amidships, covering the machinery spaces. The turrets have 8in faces, but the rest is a thin 4in, including the barbettes. I don't understand why Springsharp treats this as well as it does. The design uses normal direct-drive machinery and does not rely on light-weight machinery. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1912 Super Lion alternative design, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1912

Displacement:
 31,202 t light; 32,963 t standard; 37,900 t normal; 41,850 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (815.00 ft / 812.00 ft) x 102.00 ft x (28.00 / 30.34 ft)
 (248.41 m / 247.50 m) x 31.09 m  x (8.53 / 9.25 m)

Armament:
      10 - 15.00" / 381 mm 42.0 cal guns - 1,920.00lbs / 870.90kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1912 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
   1 x Twin mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      16 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1912 Model
   16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 19,716 lbs / 8,943 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 275.00 ft / 83.82 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   127.00 ft / 38.71 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 52 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 465.00 ft / 141.73 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 140,740 shp / 104,992 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 8,887 tons

Complement:
 1,357 - 1,765

Cost:
 £3.352 million / $13.406 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,677 tons, 7.1 %
 Armour: 6,669 tons, 17.6 %
    - Belts: 1,883 tons, 5.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 963 tons, 2.5 %
    - Armament: 1,724 tons, 4.5 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,904 tons, 5.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 194 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 5,612 tons, 14.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,244 tons, 42.9 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,698 tons, 17.7 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   56,328 lbs / 25,550 Kg = 33.4 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 7.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
 Metacentric height 7.5 ft / 2.3 m
 Roll period: 15.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.98
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.27

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.572 / 0.583
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.96 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.50 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Aft deck: 8.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Quarter deck: 32.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.68 ft / 7.83 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 104.1 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 231.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 59,008 Square feet or 5,482 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 119 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 206 lbs/sq ft or 1,005 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.32
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

A faster French armoured cruiser

I decided that I would see if I could achieve a higher speed for my French fast armoured cruiser design. I was able to reach 36 knots with the ship by changing the shape and reducing protection. This is the Springsharp report:

F/CA/1917 Fast, France Armoured Cruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1937)

Displacement:
 16,817 t light; 17,602 t standard; 18,643 t normal; 19,477 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (751.80 ft / 742.00 ft) x 71.00 ft x (22.00 / 22.78 ft)
 (229.15 m / 226.16 m) x 21.64 m  x (6.71 / 6.94 m)

Armament:
      8 - 9.40" / 239 mm 55.0 cal guns - 449.00lbs / 203.66kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   2 x Quad mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      12 - 5.50" / 140 mm 55.0 cal guns - 90.00lbs / 40.82kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   4 x Triple mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      8 - 3.40" / 86.4 mm 50.0 cal guns - 20.80lbs / 9.43kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1917 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck aft
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 4,838 lbs / 2,195 kg
      6 - 21.3" / 540 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.440 t each, 8.642 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 5.00" / 127 mm 480.00 ft / 146.30 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 480.00 ft / 146.30 m 22.00 ft / 6.71 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Box over magazines: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 186,710 shp / 139,286 Kw = 36.00 kts
 Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,875 tons

Complement:
 797 - 1,037

Cost:
 £3.393 million / $13.573 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,328 tons, 7.1 %
    - Guns: 1,320 tons, 7.1 %
    - Torpedoes: 9 tons, 0.0 %
 Armour: 2,452 tons, 13.2 %
    - Belts: 1,179 tons, 6.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 391 tons, 2.1 %
    - Armament: 675 tons, 3.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 117 tons, 0.6 %
    - Conning Tower: 91 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 5,175 tons, 27.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,862 tons, 42.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,826 tons, 9.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   17,081 lbs / 7,748 Kg = 41.1 x 9.4 " / 239 mm shells or 2.1 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
 Metacentric height 3.4 ft / 1.0 m
 Roll period: 16.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.85
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.09

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.563 / 0.568
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.45 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.24 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 27.00 %,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 36.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Aft deck: 21.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Quarter deck: 16.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.47 ft / 7.76 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 163.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 221.4 %
 Waterplane Area: 37,217 Square feet or 3,458 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 141 lbs/sq ft or 689 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.96
  - Longitudinal: 1.43
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My concept for a fast French armoured cruiser

I have had this concept for a fast armoured cruiser with two turrets forward. I usually cast it as a French ship. This version has 8-9.4in/55 BLR, 12-5.5in/55, and 8-3.4in AA guns. With armour basis is 6in with a 3in deck. This is the Springsharp report:

F/CA/1917, France Armoured Cruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
 15,142 t light; 15,884 t standard; 16,962 t normal; 17,825 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (703.59 ft / 694.00 ft) x 74.00 ft x (20.00 / 20.82 ft)
 (214.45 m / 211.53 m) x 22.56 m  x (6.10 / 6.35 m)

Armament:
      8 - 9.40" / 239 mm 55.0 cal guns - 449.00lbs / 203.66kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   2 x Quad mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      12 - 5.50" / 140 mm 55.0 cal guns - 90.00lbs / 40.82kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   4 x Triple mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      8 - 3.40" / 86.4 mm 50.0 cal guns - 20.80lbs / 9.44kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1917 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck aft
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 4,838 lbs / 2,195 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 19.00 ft / 5.79 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Box over magazines: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 130,832 shp / 97,601 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,940 tons

Complement:
 743 - 966

Cost:
 £3.021 million / $12.082 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,320 tons, 7.8 %
 Armour: 2,527 tons, 14.9 %
    - Belts: 1,345 tons, 7.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 316 tons, 1.9 %
    - Armament: 657 tons, 3.9 %
    - Armour Deck: 123 tons, 0.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 85 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 4,130 tons, 24.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,165 tons, 42.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,820 tons, 10.7 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   18,873 lbs / 8,561 Kg = 45.4 x 9.4 " / 239 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
 Metacentric height 4.0 ft / 1.2 m
 Roll period: 15.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.578 / 0.583
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.38 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 26.34 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 27.00 %,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Forward deck: 36.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Aft deck: 21.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Quarter deck: 16.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Average freeboard:  24.47 ft / 7.46 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 149.1 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 226.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 36,795 Square feet or 3,418 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 141 lbs/sq ft or 690 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.96
  - Longitudinal: 1.34
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My fast German armoured cruiser design: Ger/CA/1917

I have this fast armoured cruiser design dating from the early 1970's that I have named the Ger/CA/1917, although my drawing is undesignated. This is a nominally 20,000 ton ship with 6-12in/50 and 8-6in/50 QF guns with a 33 knot speed. The armour basis is 6in with a 3in deck. The design requires 30 SHP/ton machinery. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CA/1917, Germany Armoured Cruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 19,732 t light; 20,704 t standard; 21,916 t normal; 22,885 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (729.36 ft / 725.00 ft) x 80.00 ft x (23.00 / 23.82 ft)
 (222.31 m / 220.98 m) x 24.38 m  x (7.01 / 7.26 m)

Armament:
      6 - 12.00" / 305 mm 50.0 cal guns - 915.00lbs / 415.04kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   2 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 114.33lbs / 51.86kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   2 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
      Weight of broadside 6,405 lbs / 2,905 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 87 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Protected deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 150,593 shp / 112,342 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,181 tons

Complement:
 899 - 1,170

Cost:
 £3.611 million / $14.446 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,315 tons, 6.0 %
 Armour: 4,983 tons, 22.7 %
    - Belts: 1,680 tons, 7.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 349 tons, 1.6 %
    - Armament: 966 tons, 4.4 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,887 tons, 8.6 %
    - Conning Tower: 101 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 4,503 tons, 20.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,930 tons, 40.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,184 tons, 10.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   27,879 lbs / 12,646 Kg = 32.3 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 3.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
 Metacentric height 4.7 ft / 1.4 m
 Roll period: 15.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.64
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.05

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.575 / 0.580
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 26.93 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 8.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Aft deck: 35.00 %,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Average freeboard:  23.67 ft / 7.21 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 126.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 202.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 41,438 Square feet or 3,850 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 154 lbs/sq ft or 752 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.29
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The "Improved" Ger/CB/1906 design

In 1973, I had made a more radical version of the Ger/CB/1906 design that depended on light-weight machinery and had a higher speed. In one place, I called for a speed of 34.2 knots, so I used that for this version. This is a photograph of one of the ships:

The ships are armed with 8-12in/45 BLR and 8-6in/50 QF guns. The belt is 4in, inclined at 17 degrees and the deck is 3in. The barbettes and turret faces are 8in. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/CB/1906 Fast, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1906 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
 24,293 t light; 25,238 t standard; 26,874 t normal; 28,182 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (805.00 ft / 800.00 ft) x 85.00 ft x (26.00 / 26.98 ft)
 (245.36 m / 243.84 m) x 25.91 m  x (7.92 / 8.22 m)

Armament:
      8 - 12.00" / 305 mm 45.0 cal guns - 850.00lbs / 385.55kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1906 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1906 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
      Weight of broadside 7,600 lbs / 3,447 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 87 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Protected deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 184,443 shp / 137,594 Kw = 34.20 kts
 Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,945 tons

Complement:
 1,049 - 1,364

Cost:
 £2.412 million / $9.648 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,509 tons, 5.6 %
 Armour: 5,590 tons, 20.8 %
    - Belts: 1,297 tons, 4.8 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 649 tons, 2.4 %
    - Armament: 1,810 tons, 6.7 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,679 tons, 6.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 155 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,822 tons, 21.7 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,372 tons, 42.3 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,580 tons, 9.6 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   35,780 lbs / 16,229 Kg = 41.4 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.1 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
 Metacentric height 4.5 ft / 1.4 m
 Roll period: 16.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 58 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.16

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.532 / 0.538
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.41 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 19.00 %,  34.00 ft / 10.36 m,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Forward deck: 18.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Aft deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Quarter deck: 33.00 %,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard:  26.94 ft / 8.21 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 124.8 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 247.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 46,664 Square feet or 4,335 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 167 lbs/sq ft or 813 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.27
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A fast heavy cruiser: the US/CA/1921 design

The next obvious step was to create a fast US heavy cruiser design. I thought that 35 knots would be adequate, as that would be comparable to what the Japanese were building or thinking of building. My design just has 9-8in/55 BLR, 8-5in/25 AA, 24-0.50in MG, and 8-21in TT. The armour basis is 4in and the deck is just 2in. I did include a torpedo bulkhead of 1in. This is the Springsharp report:

US/CA/1921, United States Heavy Cruiser laid down 1921 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 13,054 t light; 13,592 t standard; 14,993 t normal; 16,113 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (691.99 ft / 675.00 ft) x 65.00 ft x (20.00 / 21.22 ft)
 (210.92 m / 205.74 m) x 19.81 m  x (6.10 / 6.47 m)

Armament:
      9 - 8.00" / 203 mm 55.0 cal guns - 260.00lbs / 117.93kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1921 Model
   3 x Single mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 5.00" / 127 mm 25.0 cal guns - 56.00lbs / 25.40kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1921 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      24 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm 45.0 cal guns - 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 500 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1921 Model
   12 x Twin mounts on sides amidships
      Weight of broadside 2,790 lbs / 1,265 kg
      4 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 1.307 t each, 5.228 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 4.00" / 102 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 154,347 shp / 115,143 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,521 tons

Complement:
 676 - 880

Cost:
 £3.267 million / $13.067 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 926 tons, 6.2 %
    - Guns: 921 tons, 6.1 %
    - Torpedoes: 5 tons, 0.0 %
 Armour: 2,811 tons, 18.7 %
    - Belts: 885 tons, 5.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 333 tons, 2.2 %
    - Armament: 539 tons, 3.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,002 tons, 6.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 52 tons, 0.3 %
 Machinery: 3,693 tons, 24.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,625 tons, 37.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,938 tons, 12.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   19,492 lbs / 8,841 Kg = 76.1 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 2.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
 Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
 Roll period: 15.4 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.61
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.12

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.598 / 0.606
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.38 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 25.98 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 25.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 16.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Forward deck: 17.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Aft deck: 52.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Average freeboard:  24.64 ft / 7.51 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 143.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 213.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 32,030 Square feet or 2,976 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 116 lbs/sq ft or 568 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.50
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A faster American light cruiser: US/CL/1921

I was curious to see if I might be able to design an American light cruiser with a higher speed than the 1918 model. I assumed that I would need to increase the dimensions, and that certainly helped. I was able to achieve a 36 knot speed, so that the ship carries 9-6in/55 QF, 8-5in/25 AA, and 16-0.50in MG, along with 6-21in TT. The belt is 3in with a 2in deck. I think that this is at least a good initial offering:

US/CL/1921, United States Light Cruiser laid down 1921 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 9,361 t light; 9,691 t standard; 10,311 t normal; 10,807 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (649.22 ft / 642.00 ft) x 61.00 ft x (19.00 / 19.67 ft)
 (197.88 m / 195.68 m) x 18.59 m  x (5.79 / 6.00 m)

Armament:
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm 55.0 cal guns - 116.57lbs / 52.88kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1921 Model
   3 x Single mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      6 - 5.00" / 127 mm 25.0 cal guns - 56.77lbs / 25.75kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1921 Model
   6 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
  6 raised mounts
      16 - 0.50" / 12.7 mm 45.0 cal guns - 0.06lbs / 0.03kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1921 Model
   8 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  8 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 1,391 lbs / 631 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 1.307 t each, 7.841 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 3.00" / 76 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Protected deck - single deck: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 3.00" / 76 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 132,335 shp / 98,722 Kw = 36.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,116 tons

Complement:
 511 - 665

Cost:
 £2.317 million / $9.269 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 425 tons, 4.1 %
    - Guns: 417 tons, 4.0 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.1 %
 Armour: 1,662 tons, 16.1 %
    - Belts: 616 tons, 6.0 %
    - Armament: 256 tons, 2.5 %
    - Armour Deck: 760 tons, 7.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 31 tons, 0.3 %
 Machinery: 3,166 tons, 30.7 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,108 tons, 39.8 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 950 tons, 9.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   10,567 lbs / 4,793 Kg = 97.8 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
 Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
 Roll period: 14.4 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.32
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.02

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.485 / 0.491
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.52 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 25.34 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 8.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 23.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 12.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 50.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  21.17 ft / 6.45 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 112.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 184.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 25,742 Square feet or 2,392 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 111 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 104 lbs/sq ft or 508 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.33
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A Super Lion design with Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta

I decided to try the Super Lion design in Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta. The Super Lion was Admiral Fisher's design concept dating from early 1912 (I believe). The ship was to have ten "improved guns" (15in guns) and a 30 knot speed. The armour was to be de-emphasized. This is a photograph of one of the ships:

The ship works reasonably well in Springsharp. I was forced to reduce the freeboard (to keep from increasing the beam) to reduce the recoil effects to something manageable. That make the Super Lion wetter than I would like. The secondary battery that my version has consists of 14-6in guns. I am sure that Admiral Fisher would have pressed for 4in guns, but the 1912 ships had 6in guns. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CB/1912 Super Lion, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1912 (Engine 1917)

Displacement:
 33,221 t light; 35,094 t standard; 39,810 t normal; 43,582 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (818.00 ft / 812.00 ft) x 97.00 ft x (29.00 / 31.27 ft)
 (249.33 m / 247.50 m) x 29.57 m  x (8.84 / 9.53 m)

Armament:
      10 - 15.00" / 381 mm 42.0 cal guns - 1,920.00lbs / 870.90kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1912 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
   1 x Twin mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      14 - 6.00" / 152 mm 45.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1912 Model
   14 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
  14 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      Weight of broadside 20,600 lbs / 9,344 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 530.00 ft / 161.54 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 282.00 ft / 85.95 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 530.00 ft / 161.54 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  9.00" / 229 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Protected deck - single deck: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 9.00" / 229 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 145,881 shp / 108,827 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 8,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 8,488 tons

Complement:
 1,408 - 1,831

Cost:
 £3.407 million / $13.629 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,794 tons, 7.0 %
 Armour: 9,692 tons, 24.3 %
    - Belts: 3,169 tons, 8.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,137 tons, 2.9 %
    - Armament: 2,626 tons, 6.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,534 tons, 6.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 226 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,348 tons, 13.4 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,387 tons, 38.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,588 tons, 16.5 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   54,077 lbs / 24,529 Kg = 32.0 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 7.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
 Metacentric height 6.5 ft / 2.0 m
 Roll period: 16.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.93
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.14

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.610 / 0.619
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.37 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.50 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 37.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 23.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  23.26 ft / 7.09 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 180.4 %
 Waterplane Area: 58,147 Square feet or 5,402 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 200 lbs/sq ft or 975 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 1.00
  - Longitudinal: 1.11
  - Overall: 1.01
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

I am disappointed with what I could get from the US/CL/1918 design

I thought that I should be able to achieve a 35 knot speed from my US/CL/1918 design, but the best that I could do was 33 knots. This is a ship that has 9-6in/55 QF guns, 4-3in AA guns, and 6-21in TT. The belt is 3in and the deck is 2in. This is the Springsharp report:

US/CL/1918, United States Light Cruiser laid down 1918 (Engine 1941)

Displacement:
 7,681 t light; 7,951 t standard; 8,566 t normal; 9,058 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (611.44 ft / 605.00 ft) x 55.00 ft x (17.00 / 17.76 ft)
 (186.37 m / 184.40 m) x 16.76 m  x (5.18 / 5.41 m)

Armament:
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm 55.0 cal guns - 115.00lbs / 52.16kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1918 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      4 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 45.0 cal guns - 13.62lbs / 6.18kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1918 Model
   4 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 1,089 lbs / 494 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 1.295 t each, 7.769 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 3.00" / 76 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 107 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  0.60" / 15 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Protected deck - single deck: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 4.00" / 102 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 86,340 shp / 64,409 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,107 tons

Complement:
 444 - 578

Cost:
 £1.424 million / $5.697 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 311 tons, 3.6 %
    - Guns: 303 tons, 3.5 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.1 %
 Armour: 1,715 tons, 20.0 %
    - Belts: 610 tons, 7.1 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 159 tons, 1.9 %
    - Armament: 219 tons, 2.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 692 tons, 8.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 36 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 2,282 tons, 26.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,373 tons, 39.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 885 tons, 10.3 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   10,699 lbs / 4,853 Kg = 99.1 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
 Metacentric height 2.5 ft / 0.8 m
 Roll period: 14.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.530 / 0.537
 Length to Beam Ratio: 11.00 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 24.60 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 7.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Forward deck: 15.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Aft deck: 50.00 %,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m
    - Average freeboard:  19.12 ft / 5.83 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 157.1 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 22,792 Square feet or 2,117 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 96 lbs/sq ft or 470 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.99
  - Longitudinal: 1.09
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My 1914 American light cruiser concept

I had this concept for an American light cruiser, rather similar to the British slower, longer-range ships from the immediate pre-1914 period. One difference is that my American ship would incorporate superfiring guns and a higher speed. The guns are also only 5in/51, not 6in/45 or 50. My design requires oil fuel, which is not that far removed from reality for a ship laid down in 1914. My ship has 9-5in/51 QF guns with 4-21in TT. The armour basis is 4in with a 2in deck. I tried an anti-torpedo bulkhead, but that seems to have not made much difference, except to require more size. This is the Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta report:

US/CL/1914, United States Light Cruiser laid down 1914

Displacement:
 4,988 t light; 5,159 t standard; 5,863 t normal; 6,426 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (479.10 ft / 475.00 ft) x 50.00 ft x (16.00 / 17.20 ft)
 (146.03 m / 144.78 m) x 15.24 m  x (4.88 / 5.24 m)

Armament:
      9 - 5.00" / 127 mm 51.0 cal guns - 65.00lbs / 29.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1914 Model
   5 x Single mounts on centreline ends, majority aft
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
   4 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 585 lbs / 265 kg
      4 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 1.279 t each, 5.116 t total
 In 4 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 360.00 ft / 109.73 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 3.00" / 76 mm 240.00 ft / 73.15 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 117 % of normal length

   - Protected deck - single deck: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 4.00" / 102 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 2 shafts, 45,896 shp / 34,238 Kw = 29.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,266 tons

Complement:
 334 - 435

Cost:
 £0.619 million / $2.478 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 188 tons, 3.2 %
    - Guns: 183 tons, 3.1 %
    - Torpedoes: 5 tons, 0.1 %
 Armour: 1,218 tons, 20.8 %
    - Belts: 713 tons, 12.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 477 tons, 8.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 28 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 1,768 tons, 30.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,815 tons, 31.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 875 tons, 14.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   6,230 lbs / 2,826 Kg = 99.7 x 5.0 " / 127 mm shells or 1.1 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.34
 Metacentric height 3.0 ft / 0.9 m
 Roll period: 12.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.20
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.540 / 0.551
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.50 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 21.79 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Forward deck: 17.00 %,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Aft deck: 44.00 %,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
    - Quarter deck: 19.00 %,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m,  13.00 ft / 3.96 m
    - Average freeboard:  15.58 ft / 4.75 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 108.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 131.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 16,420 Square feet or 1,526 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 76 lbs/sq ft or 369 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.19
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

An American fast armoured cruiser: the US/CA/1915

I thought that an American fast armoured cruiser, laid down in 1915 might be an interesting design study. Since the ship is American, the main armament would need to be 8in guns, probably in triple turrets. Since the ship is an armoured cruiser, the armour basis needed to be at least 6 inches. The speed is a rather modest 30 knots, but that is adequate for this date. The ships built to this design would function as third class battleships on distant stations. This is the Springsharp report:

US/CA/1915, United States Armoured Cruiser laid down 1915

Displacement:
 13,862 t light; 14,452 t standard; 15,730 t normal; 16,752 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (660.91 ft / 650.00 ft) x 70.00 ft x (22.00 / 23.13 ft)
 (201.45 m / 198.12 m) x 21.34 m  x (6.71 / 7.05 m)

Armament:
      12 - 8.00" / 203 mm 55.0 cal guns - 275.00lbs / 124.74kg shells, 120 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   4 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      8 - 5.00" / 127 mm 51.0 cal guns - 65.00lbs / 29.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
      4 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 45.0 cal guns - 13.62lbs / 6.18kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1915 Model
   4 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 3,874 lbs / 1,757 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 1.283 t each, 7.697 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 22.00 ft / 6.71 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 85,892 shp / 64,076 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 6,500nm at 14.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,301 tons

Complement:
 701 - 912

Cost:
 £2.009 million / $8.034 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,089 tons, 6.9 %
    - Guns: 1,082 tons, 6.9 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.0 %
 Armour: 3,933 tons, 25.0 %
    - Belts: 1,707 tons, 10.8 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 350 tons, 2.2 %
    - Armament: 815 tons, 5.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 980 tons, 6.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 81 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 3,253 tons, 20.7 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,586 tons, 35.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,868 tons, 11.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   19,242 lbs / 8,728 Kg = 75.2 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 2.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
 Metacentric height 3.6 ft / 1.1 m
 Roll period: 15.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.61
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.14

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.550 / 0.557
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.29 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 25.50 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 22.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 18.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 17.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 50.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  20.87 ft / 6.36 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 129.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 170.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 31,754 Square feet or 2,950 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 127 lbs/sq ft or 621 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.12
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Four aircraft carriers

This is a photograph of four aircraft carrier models (1:1200 scale) that I made in the 1960's out of card stock, with Elmer's Glue and colored pencils:

The four ships are: in the foreground, the CVL Prince George (ex-Invincible), the Olympia (without an island), the CVL Vindictive, the CVL Argus, and the CV Audacious. The Vindictive has external bulges added to increase the beam. The Olympia has a white and black dazzle color scheme. The Prince George is light and dark gray, with a white deck stripe and the white "G" letters. The Argus is second from the back, with the large Audacious in the back.

Modified Colony class model

The amazing fact is that I still have a model of the modified Colony class light cruiser that has a date on the bottom of June 4, 1968. I took some photographs of the model, which has been discolored by age (39 years old).

A British Iowa class-like ship: the GB/BB/1940

Since I was young, I had this concept for a British Iowa class-like fast battleship. I am not sure just why this is true, but the way I have the ship specified in Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta, the displacement has to be quite large to have adequate hull strength. Part of the problem might lay in my protection system, with a 16ft high 16in belt. The ship has 9-16in/50 BLR, 24-4.5in DP, and 56-2pdr AA guns. The speed is 33 knots with a 12,000nm range at 15 knots. The ship would definitely be suitable for Pacific Ocean combat. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/BB/1940 Fast, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1940 (Engine 1945)

Displacement:
 55,895 t light; 58,897 t standard; 63,242 t normal; 66,719 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (886.52 ft / 880.00 ft) x 108.00 ft x (34.00 / 35.58 ft)
 (270.21 m / 268.22 m) x 32.92 m  x (10.36 / 10.84 m)

Armament:
      9 - 16.00" / 406 mm 50.0 cal guns - 2,170.00lbs / 984.30kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1940 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      24 - 4.50" / 114 mm 50.0 cal guns - 50.00lbs / 22.68kg shells, 150 per gun
   Dual purpose guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1940 Model
   12 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  4 raised mounts - superfiring
      56 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1940 Model
   12 x 2 row quad mounts on sides, evenly spread
  4 raised mounts
   2 x 2 row quad mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 20,842 lbs / 9,454 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 610.00 ft / 185.93 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 107 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  6.00" / 152 mm 610.00 ft / 185.93 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 10.0" / 254 mm  16.0" / 406 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 7.00" / 178 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 16.00" / 406 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 263,307 shp / 196,427 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 7,822 tons

Complement:
 1,993 - 2,592

Cost:
 £30.229 million / $120.916 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,863 tons, 6.1 %
 Armour: 24,182 tons, 38.2 %
    - Belts: 6,597 tons, 10.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 4,604 tons, 7.3 %
    - Armament: 4,595 tons, 7.3 %
    - Armour Deck: 7,839 tons, 12.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 547 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 6,649 tons, 10.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 21,200 tons, 33.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,347 tons, 11.6 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   98,156 lbs / 44,523 Kg = 47.9 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 17.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
 Metacentric height 7.1 ft / 2.2 m
 Roll period: 17.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.70
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and small transom stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.685 / 0.691
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.15 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 31.78 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  37.00 ft / 11.28 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 30.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Average freeboard:  28.00 ft / 8.53 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 81.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 197.2 %
 Waterplane Area: 77,143 Square feet or 7,167 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1,015 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.23
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My modified Colony class design

As long ago as 1968 (I was making a model out of index paper, watching TV when Bobby Kennedy was assassinated by a Palestinian terrorist), I had this concept for a Colony class-like cruiser that had inclined side armour. This is an attempt at such a ship in Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta. The displacement is a bit high, but otherwise, the design seems reasonable. The SHP required for 31.5 knots is about what we would expect. My ship has 12-6in QF guns (rather than the original BLR), 8-4in AA guns, and 12-2pdr AA guns. There are also 6-21in TT in triple mounts. The armour basis is 3.5in with a 2in protective deck. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/CL/1941, Great Britain Light Cruiser laid down 1941

Displacement:
 8,402 t light; 8,737 t standard; 9,443 t normal; 10,008 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (557.94 ft / 555.00 ft) x 62.00 ft x (17.00 / 17.81 ft)
 (170.06 m / 169.16 m) x 18.90 m  x (5.18 / 5.43 m)

Armament:
      12 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 114.33lbs / 51.86kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1941 Model
   4 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1941 Model
   4 x 2-gun mounts on sides, aft deck forward
  4 raised mounts
      12 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1941 Model
   2 x 2 row quad mounts on sides amidships
  2 raised mounts
   1 x Single mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 1,654 lbs / 750 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 1.387 t each, 8.321 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 3.50" / 89 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 3.50" / 89 mm 210.00 ft / 64.01 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 16.50 ft / 5.03 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm
 2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  1.00" / 25 mm

   - Protected deck - single deck: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 4.00" / 102 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 82,961 shp / 61,889 Kw = 31.50 kts
 Range 10,000nm at 12.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,270 tons

Complement:
 478 - 622

Cost:
 £4.771 million / $19.084 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 434 tons, 4.6 %
    - Guns: 426 tons, 4.5 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.1 %
 Armour: 1,897 tons, 20.1 %
    - Belts: 703 tons, 7.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 226 tons, 2.4 %
    - Armament: 402 tons, 4.3 %
    - Armour Deck: 528 tons, 5.6 %
    - Conning Tower: 39 tons, 0.4 %
 Machinery: 2,192 tons, 23.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,879 tons, 41.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,041 tons, 11.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   15,213 lbs / 6,900 Kg = 140.9 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 2.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
 Metacentric height 3.2 ft / 1.0 m
 Roll period: 14.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.45
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.07

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.565 / 0.572
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.95 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 23.56 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 28.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Aft deck: 9.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Quarter deck: 33.00 %,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  22.14 ft / 6.75 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 136.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 230.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 24,355 Square feet or 2,263 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 119 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 107 lbs/sq ft or 521 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.67
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

So just how high a speed could the Repulse make?

I still remember reading in the 1919 Jane's Fighting Ships about the Renown and Repulse type hitting 40 knots. It seemed incredible, and I am sure that it was not possible. I have already written about this, but I wanted to try the Repulse, suitably lightened, might have been able to make. I am assuming that the power plant would be dangerously stressed to achieve maximum power. The ammunition would be mostly unloaded and the fuel supply would be reduced to the minimum. I was able to achieve 35 knots in the condition with Springsharp 3.0b2 Beta. The seakeeping ability is poor, but we could accept that in a trial condition in fair weather. Frank Fox says that the WWII American battleships were generally in this condition, all the time. They were not able to fight in bad weather. This is a photo of the Repulse, as originally completed, with equal-height funnels. The fore funnel was later raised:

This is the Springsharp report:

Repulse, lightened, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1919)

Displacement:
 29,031 t light; 29,666 t standard; 29,952 t normal; 30,181 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (800.00 ft / 794.00 ft) x 89.00 ft x (29.67 / 29.84 ft)
 (243.84 m / 242.01 m) x 27.13 m  x (9.04 / 9.10 m)

Armament:
      6 - 15.00" / 381 mm 42.0 cal guns - 1,920.00lbs / 870.90kg shells, 5 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   3 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      17 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 15 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
   3 x Single mounts on centreline, aft deck forward
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      Weight of broadside 12,069 lbs / 5,474 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 300.00 ft / 91.44 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
   4.00 ft / 1.22 m Unarmoured ends
   Main Belt covers 95 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  7.00" / 178 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm       -   2.00" / 51 mm

   - Protected deck - single deck: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 9.00" / 229 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 214,934 shp / 160,341 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 514 tons

Complement:
 1,137 - 1,479

Cost:
 £4.352 million / $17.408 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,655 tons, 5.5 %
 Armour: 6,624 tons, 22.1 %
    - Belts: 2,503 tons, 8.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 789 tons, 2.6 %
    - Armament: 1,450 tons, 4.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,695 tons, 5.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 187 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 7,633 tons, 25.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,119 tons, 43.8 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 921 tons, 3.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   30,176 lbs / 13,688 Kg = 17.9 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 3.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
 Metacentric height 5.2 ft / 1.6 m
 Roll period: 16.4 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 49 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.93
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0.97

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.501
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.92 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.18 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -4.00 ft / -1.22 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Aft deck: 18.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Quarter deck: 32.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.03 ft / 7.63 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 139.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 215.4 %
 Waterplane Area: 47,083 Square feet or 4,374 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 189 lbs/sq ft or 923 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.96
  - Longitudinal: 1.38
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather