GB/DL/1905 Red Book, Great Britain Destroyer Leader laid down 1905 (Engine 1943)
Displacement:
1,253 t light; 1,288 t standard; 1,420 t normal; 1,525 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
327.31 ft / 326.00 ft x 30.00 ft x 10.50 ft (normal load)
99.76 m / 99.36 m x 9.14 m x 3.20 m
Armament:
4 - 3.46" / 88.0 mm guns in single mounts, 20.00lbs / 9.07kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 80 lbs / 36 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
2 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 48,412 shp / 36,115 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 3,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 237 tons
Complement:
115 - 150
Cost:
£0.167 million / $0.666 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 10 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 814 tons, 57.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 428 tons, 30.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 167 tons, 11.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
351 lbs / 159 Kg = 16.9 x 3.5 " / 88 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.38
Metacentric height 1.4 ft / 0.4 m
Roll period: 10.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.21
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.07
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.484
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.87 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 18.06 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Mid (29 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Stern: 14.00 ft / 4.27 m
- Average freeboard: 16.56 ft / 5.05 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 190.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 138.1 %
Waterplane Area: 6,423 Square feet or 597 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 55 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 28 lbs/sq ft or 134 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.42
- Longitudinal: 3.35
- Overall: 0.52
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, June 12, 2006
The original GB/DL/1905 concept
My friend Cliff's original concept for the GB/DL/1905 design depended in large part on having a modest SHP to reach 35 knots. For whatever reason, Springsharp is requiring a much higher SHP to reach that speed. To a degree, the need to increase freeboard and draft to achieve adequate seakeeping and strength could be a factor, but that is largely contingent on the Springsharp requirements. This ship is odd, in for the 20pdr guns (88mm) and the 21in torpedoes. The ship has three funnels, with the first being thinner and raised. Two guns are in superfiring positions, with a small structure on the forecastle on which the superfiring gun and the pilot house are positioned. This is the Springsharp report:
Sunday, June 11, 2006
The Ger/BB/1915 60,000 tons from a weight perspective
I had tried to go with the weight specifications given on the next page in the Red Book for the Ger/BB/1915 60,000 tons design, but the armour was too much for the ship and I had to decrease the protection weight, and lower the freeboard to stay at about 60,000 tons standard. The armament is 9-18in BLR and 16-6in QF guns. This ship was designed for the wargame campaign where there were aircraft and submarines were not used. It was intended as a counterweight to the GB/BB/1915 BBX design. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915 60,000 tons, Germany Enter ship type laid down 1915 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
57,453 t light; 60,116 t standard; 62,500 t normal; 64,407 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
752.31 ft / 750.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
229.30 m / 228.60 m x 39.62 m x 10.36 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
16 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (8x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 27,972 lbs / 12,688 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 10.0" / 254 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 75,252 shp / 56,138 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,290 tons
Complement:
1,976 - 2,569
Cost:
£7.681 million / $30.723 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,497 tons, 5.6 %
Armour: 27,773 tons, 44.4 %
- Belts: 5,734 tons, 9.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 3,907 tons, 6.3 %
- Armament: 6,367 tons, 10.2 %
- Armour Deck: 11,155 tons, 17.8 %
- Conning Tower: 611 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 2,375 tons, 3.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 23,808 tons, 38.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,047 tons, 8.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
112,576 lbs / 51,063 Kg = 38.6 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 27.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 9.2 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 80 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.63
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.61
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.660
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.77 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.64 ft / 7.82 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 64.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 181.6 %
Waterplane Area: 75,369 Square feet or 7,002 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 241 lbs/sq ft or 1,175 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.64
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Saturday, June 10, 2006
The Ger/CB/1905 design from the Red Book
I had designed the Ger/CB/1915 light battlecruiser to be a lower-cost alternative to my friend Cliff's GB/CB/1905 design. I had done a fresh drawing and specificatino on 18 July 1973. I also played around with how to stretch the design. One feature of the specification is that I underestimated the power required to reach 31 knots. The only saving grace is that the design concept had enough slop so that enough power could be added not only to reach 31 knots, but 32 knots and to have an 18 knot cruising speed for 7,800nm miles on top of that! In the wargame campaign, I unimaginatively named the ship Blücher. My original specification had the following weights:
Hull = 8,070 tons Machinery = 3,000 tons Protection = 5,895 tons Armament = 515 tons Miscellaneous = 1,520 tons Oil fuel = 3,500 tons (1,000 tons normal) Feed water = 150 tonsThe original standard displacement was 19,000 tons, but the Springsharp design ended up lower than that simply because I had spare capacity that could be removed. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1905, Germany Light Battlecruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1931)
Displacement:
17,035 t light; 17,630 t standard; 19,900 t normal; 21,716 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
700.00 ft / 700.00 ft x 80.00 ft x 25.00 ft (normal load)
213.36 m / 213.36 m x 24.38 m x 7.62 m
Armament:
4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on centreline ends, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 3,840 lbs / 1,742 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 320.00 ft / 97.54 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 81 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 7.00" / 178 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 122,812 shp / 91,618 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 7,800nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,086 tons
Complement:
837 - 1,089
Cost:
£1.514 million / $6.054 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 480 tons, 2.4 %
Armour: 5,078 tons, 25.5 %
- Belts: 1,497 tons, 7.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 685 tons, 3.4 %
- Armament: 767 tons, 3.9 %
- Armour Deck: 2,066 tons, 10.4 %
- Conning Tower: 63 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 3,673 tons, 18.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,804 tons, 39.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,865 tons, 14.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
32,987 lbs / 14,963 Kg = 38.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.25
Metacentric height 5.4 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 14.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.37
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.37
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.498
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.75 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (61 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 25.12 ft / 7.66 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 104.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 212.2 %
Waterplane Area: 37,227 Square feet or 3,458 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 134 lbs/sq ft or 657 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.53
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Friday, June 09, 2006
The best attempt ever at the Super Fast Battlecruiser design
The next page in the Red Book is the pencil drawing of the inboard profile and specifications for the Super Fast Battlecruiser, dated 18 July 1973. This is the ship with a standard displacement of 32,000 tons and with an armament of 4-17in BLR and 16-4in QF guns. The speed goals were outrageous: 52 knots. This shot at the design attempts to be as faithful as possible to the weights, and still achieve a high speed. I am not sure why this Springsharp design is as good as it is, but by keeping the displacement low (to the specified 32,000 tons), and using the specified protection weight, I was able to obtain 39 knots with a cruising speed of 18 knots for 7,500nm. The armour basis is 4in with a 2in deck. The torpedo bulkhead is 1in. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/CB/1917 Super Fast, Great Britain Light Battlecruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
28,354 t light; 29,517 t standard; 32,000 t normal; 33,986 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
801.33 ft / 800.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
244.24 m / 243.84 m x 25.91 m x 9.45 m
Armament:
4 - 17.00" / 432 mm guns (2x2 guns), 2,456.50lbs / 1,114.25kg shells, 1917 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
4 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (2x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1917 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (6x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1917 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 10,338 lbs / 4,689 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 83 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 350,060 shp / 261,145 Kw = 39.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,469 tons
Complement:
1,196 - 1,555
Cost:
£5.910 million / $23.639 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,292 tons, 4.0 %
Armour: 4,526 tons, 14.1 %
- Belts: 1,191 tons, 3.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 461 tons, 1.4 %
- Armament: 1,018 tons, 3.2 %
- Armour Deck: 1,725 tons, 5.4 %
- Conning Tower: 130 tons, 0.4 %
Machinery: 8,375 tons, 26.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,161 tons, 44.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,646 tons, 11.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
29,169 lbs / 13,231 Kg = 11.9 x 17.0 " / 432 mm shells or 2.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 4.9 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.92
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.07
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.531
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.41 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 38.00 ft / 11.58 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Mid (39 %): 36.00 ft / 10.97 m (28.00 ft / 8.53 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Stern: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Average freeboard: 31.28 ft / 9.53 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 150.2 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 225.3 %
Waterplane Area: 46,634 Square feet or 4,332 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 176 lbs/sq ft or 860 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.07
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Thursday, June 08, 2006
The GB/DT/1914 torpedo boat
My friend Cliff had conceived of the GB/DT/1914 as a torpedo boat, primarily, and it was flush-decked and looked anachronistic, with a single, trunked funnel. The 4in gun is mounted on the forecastle. The speed was rather modest, at 31.8 knots, which makes the Springsharp design easily to make work. The specified fuel was 250 tons, although my design is somewhat less. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/DT/1914, Great Britain Torpedo Boat laid down 1914 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
756 t light; 777 t standard; 900 t normal; 999 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
267.94 ft / 265.00 ft x 28.00 ft x 10.50 ft (normal load)
81.67 m / 80.77 m x 8.53 m x 3.20 m
Armament:
1 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline forward
Weight of broadside 32 lbs / 15 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
9 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 26,316 shp / 19,632 Kw = 31.80 kts
Range 4,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 222 tons
Complement:
81 - 106
Cost:
£0.124 million / $0.496 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4 tons, 0.4 %
Machinery: 482 tons, 53.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 270 tons, 30.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 144 tons, 16.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
254 lbs / 115 Kg = 7.9 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.19
Metacentric height 1.0 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.11
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.404
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.46 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m (15.00 ft / 4.57 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 14.00 ft / 4.27 m (13.00 ft / 3.96 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 14.21 ft / 4.33 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 176.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 24.2 %
Waterplane Area: 4,579 Square feet or 425 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 60 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 25 lbs/sq ft or 124 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.43
- Longitudinal: 3.69
- Overall: 0.54
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is extremely poor
Wednesday, June 07, 2006
Large, fast ships
I continue to be enamoured of large fast ships with large guns. They have the characteristic of being able to outrun anything which could harm them and to catch anything smaller than that, whatever their trial speed was. In any sort of a seaway, destroyers and small cruisers are slowed. The trial speed is pretty much limited to smooth water for these ships.
David K. Brown and Frank Fox have both told me that they believe that the large, fast battlecruiser should have at least an 8-gun armament, so that it can fire effectively at long range. My friend Cliff's GB/CB/1905 design only has 4-12in guns, so it fails the test. Both David Brown and Frank Fox also think that the design needs 6in side armour, not 3in or 4in.
Tuesday, June 06, 2006
Super Lion
The next page in the Red Book is a specification for a Super Lion-like British battle cruiser. The specification is not very good in the sense that too much was expected from too small of a ship. I adjusted the design so that the weights closely match what was originally specified for machinery and protection. The armament is 10-15in BLR and 16-5in QF guns. The belt is 6in and the maximum turret and barbette protection is 9in. I had hoped for 32 knots but 30 knots is what can be done for the power and size. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/CB/1914 Super Lion, Great Britain Battle Cruiser laid down 1914 (Engine 1933)
Displacement:
29,761 t light; 31,235 t standard; 33,000 t normal; 34,412 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
800.00 ft / 800.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
243.84 m / 243.84 m x 27.43 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
8 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Main guns limited to end-on fire
2 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (1x2 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1914 Model
Breech loading guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on centreline amidships
16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread, 6 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 17,875 lbs / 8,108 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 520.00 ft / 158.50 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.30" / 33 mm 520.00 ft / 158.50 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 9.00" / 229 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
3rd: 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 129,016 shp / 96,246 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,177 tons
Complement:
1,223 - 1,591
Cost:
£4.384 million / $17.537 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,234 tons, 6.8 %
Armour: 7,822 tons, 23.7 %
- Belts: 2,109 tons, 6.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 650 tons, 2.0 %
- Armament: 2,926 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 1,938 tons, 5.9 %
- Conning Tower: 199 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 3,759 tons, 11.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,946 tons, 48.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,239 tons, 9.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
40,905 lbs / 18,554 Kg = 24.2 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 5.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.04
Metacentric height 4.6 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 17.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.34
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.20
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.594
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.89 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (67 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m (19.00 ft / 5.79 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 24.60 ft / 7.50 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 112.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 202.2 %
Waterplane Area: 52,372 Square feet or 4,865 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 99 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 209 lbs/sq ft or 1,018 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.21
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, June 05, 2006
The next pages in the Red Book are armouring schemes for the Ger/BB/1905
The very next page in the Red Book was the Ger/BB/1905 armouring scheme that I have previously published. The very next page after that is an alternate armouring scheme with less side armour and more deck armour (plus a quirky anti-torpedo protection scheme). In this scheme, there is no upper deck side armour and the main belt is 10in for 8ft and then tapers to 6in over another 8ft. For weight purposes, I reduced this to 12ft of 10in armour. The torpedo protection has two 1in bulkheads, apaced 6ft apart, with thinner bulkheads, not armoured, in between. The slopes were intended to be 3in and there are two armoured decks, the upper being 4in and the lower 2in. To accommodate this, the displacement is 22,700 tons normal. The armament is the usual 8-12in BLR and 12-4in QF guns. The speed is the originally intended 23 knots. I checked the original Blue Book specification for the Ger/BB/1905, and the armour basis was 10in and the displacement was 22,000 tons. This version works quite well in Springsharp:
Ger/BB/1905-Alt, Germany Battleship laid down 1905 (Engine 1911)
Displacement:
19,710 t light; 20,534 t standard; 22,700 t normal; 24,433 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
580.00 ft / 580.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 27.50 ft (normal load)
176.78 m / 176.78 m x 27.43 m x 8.38 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 7.00" / 178 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 41,179 shp / 30,719 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,899 tons
Complement:
924 - 1,202
Cost:
£1.690 million / $6.760 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 912 tons, 4.0 %
Armour: 8,701 tons, 38.3 %
- Belts: 1,943 tons, 8.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 602 tons, 2.7 %
- Armament: 1,926 tons, 8.5 %
- Armour Deck: 4,057 tons, 17.9 %
- Conning Tower: 173 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 1,671 tons, 7.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,426 tons, 37.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,990 tons, 13.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
44,392 lbs / 20,136 Kg = 51.4 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 8.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 87 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.69
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.74
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.553
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.44 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (67 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (17.00 ft / 5.18 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Stern: 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
- Average freeboard: 22.60 ft / 6.89 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 171.7 %
Waterplane Area: 36,548 Square feet or 3,395 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 159 lbs/sq ft or 776 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.93
- Longitudinal: 1.94
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Sunday, June 04, 2006
The next page in the Red Book specifies an armouring scheme for the Ger/CBL/1915 Mod.A design
I have taken the Ger/CBL/1915 design and applied the armouring scheme specified by a cross sectional drawing in the Red Book.
Ger/CBL/1915 Mod.A High Speed Red Book, Germany Light Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
19,159 t light; 19,793 t standard; 20,900 t normal; 21,785 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
802.24 ft / 800.00 ft x 80.00 ft x 25.50 ft (normal load)
244.52 m / 243.84 m x 24.38 m x 7.77 m
Armament:
2 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (1x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on centreline forward
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 3,024 lbs / 1,372 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 3.00" / 76 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 79 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 3.00" / 76 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 282,797 shp / 210,967 Kw = 40.00 kts
Range 6,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,992 tons
Complement:
868 - 1,129
Cost:
£2.815 million / $11.260 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 378 tons, 1.8 %
Armour: 3,177 tons, 15.2 %
- Belts: 1,274 tons, 6.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 330 tons, 1.6 %
- Armour Deck: 1,508 tons, 7.2 %
- Conning Tower: 65 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 6,765 tons, 32.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,839 tons, 42.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,741 tons, 8.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
20,174 lbs / 9,151 Kg = 23.3 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 1.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.30
Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 14.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.26
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.448
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (68 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m (19.00 ft / 5.79 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 24.84 ft / 7.57 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 118.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 222.8 %
Waterplane Area: 40,765 Square feet or 3,787 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 138 lbs/sq ft or 672 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.34
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, June 03, 2006
The Ger/BB/1915 CDV Design from the Red Book
The Ger/BB/1915 CDV drawing in the Red Book looks something like a pocket battleship. Of course, the displacement and general capabilities are much greater, although the speed is a modest 23 knots. On the page with the drawing, there are no specifications, but the drawing is to scale (1in = 100ft). The armament is clearly intended to be something like 6-16.5in BLR in triple turrets and 20-5in QF guns in twin turrets. The length is 580ft and the draft is 30ft. The freeboard at the bow is 25ft and the hull is flush-decked with a straight, vertical bow. I had initially gone with 1937 engines, but Springsharp allowed to light of machinery for the power, so I "derated" the machinery to 1923. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915 CDV, Germany Coast Defense Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1923)
Displacement:
28,711 t light; 30,008 t standard; 31,600 t normal; 32,873 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
580.00 ft / 580.00 ft x 95.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
176.78 m / 176.78 m x 28.96 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
6 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 14,726 lbs / 6,680 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 305.00 ft / 92.96 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: 6.00" / 152 mm 275.00 ft / 83.82 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Main Belt covers 81 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
6.00" / 152 mm 305.00 ft / 92.96 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 52,929 shp / 39,485 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,865 tons
Complement:
1,184 - 1,540
Cost:
£4.071 million / $16.284 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,841 tons, 5.8 %
Armour: 14,130 tons, 44.7 %
- Belts: 4,421 tons, 14.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,964 tons, 6.2 %
- Armament: 2,676 tons, 8.5 %
- Armour Deck: 4,768 tons, 15.1 %
- Conning Tower: 301 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 1,769 tons, 5.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,971 tons, 34.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,889 tons, 9.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
45,911 lbs / 20,825 Kg = 20.4 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 9.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 5.7 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.58
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.10
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.669
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.11 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 18.56 ft / 5.66 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 124.4 %
Waterplane Area: 42,951 Square feet or 3,990 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 98 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 188 lbs/sq ft or 916 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.55
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, June 02, 2006
What I am calling the Ger/BB/1910 design has 15-11in guns
The design that I have labelled Ger/BB/1910 has an armament of 15-1in guns in triple turrets. The ship looks very German for the pre-WWI period, although the armament layout is rather Italian-like. The ship looks something like the Koenig. I think that it was inspired by the Italian battlehips with 13-12in guns. The design actually works quite well, if you can live with 11in guns on a ship built this late. This is a case of sacrificing gunpower to achieve better protection. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1910, Germany Battleship laid down 1910
Displacement:
25,067 t light; 26,234 t standard; 29,000 t normal; 31,213 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
580.00 ft / 580.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 33.30 ft (normal load)
176.78 m / 176.78 m x 30.48 m x 10.15 m
Armament:
12 - 11.00" / 279 mm guns (4x3 guns), 670.00lbs / 303.91kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
3 - 11.00" / 279 mm guns (1x3 guns), 665.50lbs / 301.87kg shells, 1910 Model
Breech loading guns in a turret (on a barbette)
on centreline amidships
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1910 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
8 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 11,333 lbs / 5,140 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 345.00 ft / 105.16 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 92 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 345.00 ft / 105.16 m 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
2nd: 13.0" / 330 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
3rd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 28,028 shp / 20,909 Kw = 20.00 kts
Range 6,900nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,979 tons
Complement:
1,110 - 1,444
Cost:
£2.224 million / $8.895 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,410 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 11,920 tons, 41.1 %
- Belts: 3,429 tons, 11.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,685 tons, 5.8 %
- Armament: 3,614 tons, 12.5 %
- Armour Deck: 2,928 tons, 10.1 %
- Conning Tower: 264 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 1,158 tons, 4.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,580 tons, 36.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,933 tons, 13.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
53,302 lbs / 24,177 Kg = 80.1 x 11.0 " / 279 mm shells or 12.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.04
Metacentric height 5.4 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 18.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 88 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.66
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.76
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.526
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.80 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 41 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Mid (43 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m (18.00 ft / 5.49 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 21.60 ft / 6.58 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 62.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 141.4 %
Waterplane Area: 39,563 Square feet or 3,676 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 185 lbs/sq ft or 904 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.91
- Longitudinal: 2.23
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Thursday, June 01, 2006
The Ger/CB/1905 (Flush-Decked) did not work as well
I followed the Ger/CB/1905 specification and drawing as closely as I could, but the ship cannot achieve the desired speed of 27 knots. 67,543 SHP is required to just reach 26 knots, much less 27 knots. This is based on a drawing that is similar in concept to the Ger/BB/1905 flush-decked battleship. I had to adjust the draft and displacement to achieve adequate strength. The seakeeping is not as good, due to the power required to reach even 26 knots. The hull weight is about 500 tons more than I had hoped for in my original design. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1905, Germany Battle Cruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1917)
Displacement:
19,249 t light; 20,064 t standard; 22,000 t normal; 23,549 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
562.00 ft / 560.00 ft x 94.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
171.30 m / 170.69 m x 28.65 m x 7.92 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 8.00" / 203 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 67,543 shp / 50,387 Kw = 26.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,485 tons
Complement:
903 - 1,174
Cost:
£1.882 million / $7.529 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 4.7 %
Armour: 7,623 tons, 34.6 %
- Belts: 2,496 tons, 11.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,027 tons, 4.7 %
- Armament: 1,868 tons, 8.5 %
- Armour Deck: 2,063 tons, 9.4 %
- Conning Tower: 169 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 2,476 tons, 11.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,125 tons, 36.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,751 tons, 12.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
32,035 lbs / 14,531 Kg = 37.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 6.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 6.2 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 15.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.05
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.563
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.96 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.66 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Mid (50 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 19.56 ft / 5.96 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 149.0 %
Waterplane Area: 37,174 Square feet or 3,454 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 160 lbs/sq ft or 783 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.64
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Wednesday, May 31, 2006
Today is the 90th anniversary of the start of the Battle of Jutland (31 May-1June 1916)
I only now realized that today is a big anniversary: the 90th anniversary of the start of the Battle of Jutland. The battle is significant as the only large bettle between surface ships only in the 20th Century. Airpower was present, but was not a factor in the outcome. No submarines were present, either. The battle was decided with guns and torpedoes fired from surface ships. While the German losses were less, the strategic significance was the German fleet never seriously considered facing the superior British fleet. Germany, like France, considered itself primarily as a military power, so the Navy was never built up enough to be competitive. The British feared in 1908 and 1909 that if they continued to build at a slow pace, the Germans could match them. The result was the 1909 building program, where they built the Colossus, Hercules, Lion, Princess Royal, Orion, Monarch, Thunderer, and Conqueror, eight battleships and battlecruisers, most with 13.5in guns.
Ger/BB/1905 Flush Decked
The specification for the Ger/BB/1905 flush-decked battleship design gives dimensions, power, weights, and armour thickness, so I was able to make the design very close to what was intended. The power specified actually produces 20.5 knots, not 19 knots, so that is a bonus. This is the design that inspired my graphic on Dreadnought Cruisers blog. The concept was to have a flush-decked battleship that was based on the Nassau, but was of a more modern configuration. This is the Sprinsharp report:
Ger/BB/1905, Germany Battleship laid down 1905 (Engine 1917)
Displacement:
17,391 t light; 18,165 t standard; 20,000 t normal; 21,468 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
492.00 ft / 490.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 28.00 ft (normal load)
149.96 m / 149.35 m x 27.43 m x 8.53 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 295.00 ft / 89.92 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 93 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
4.00" / 102 mm 295.00 ft / 89.92 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 26,280 shp / 19,605 Kw = 20.50 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,303 tons
Complement:
840 - 1,093
Cost:
£1.605 million / $6.422 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 5.1 %
Armour: 8,472 tons, 42.4 %
- Belts: 2,731 tons, 13.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,222 tons, 6.1 %
- Armament: 2,014 tons, 10.1 %
- Armour Deck: 2,314 tons, 11.6 %
- Conning Tower: 190 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 963 tons, 4.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,930 tons, 34.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,609 tons, 13.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
34,814 lbs / 15,791 Kg = 40.3 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 8.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 16.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 77 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.54
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.567
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.44 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.14 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 18.48 ft / 5.63 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 127.6 %
Waterplane Area: 31,269 Square feet or 2,905 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 159 lbs/sq ft or 776 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.14
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Tuesday, May 30, 2006
The Ger/CB/1915 lives up to expectations
I am sure that the intent for the Ger/CB/1915, when I designed it, in the early 1970's, was to achieve a high speed. The main armament is grouped forward and the armoured citadel is short. The one deviation is that I am sure that the originally envisioned displacement was much lower than 40,455 tons standard. The armament is 6-16.5in BLR and 12-6in QF guns. The armour basis is 9in with a 3in deck and torpedo bulkhead. The speed is a nice 36 knots. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1915, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
38,850 t light; 40,455 t standard; 42,750 t normal; 44,586 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
901.73 ft / 900.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
274.85 m / 274.32 m x 30.48 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
6 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x3 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all aft
Weight of broadside 14,772 lbs / 6,701 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 72 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 9.00" / 229 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 292,831 shp / 218,452 Kw = 36.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,132 tons
Complement:
1,486 - 1,932
Cost:
£5.887 million / $23.547 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,847 tons, 4.3 %
Armour: 10,159 tons, 23.8 %
- Belts: 2,877 tons, 6.7 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,352 tons, 3.2 %
- Armament: 2,194 tons, 5.1 %
- Armour Deck: 3,500 tons, 8.2 %
- Conning Tower: 237 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 8,116 tons, 19.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 18,728 tons, 43.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,900 tons, 9.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
52,051 lbs / 23,610 Kg = 23.2 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 6.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
Metacentric height 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 16.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.70
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.554
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (74 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 26.32 ft / 8.02 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 117.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 215.4 %
Waterplane Area: 63,056 Square feet or 5,858 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 203 lbs/sq ft or 993 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.21
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, May 29, 2006
Another version of my friend Cliff's BBX design
The BBX design was intended for building, starting in 1915, in the wargame campaign that we played back in 1971. This was my friend Cliff's concept for a dominant battleship. In this page, in the Red Book, there is a pencil drawing that shows the citadel length and the intended power and speed. The speed and power calculations, in this case, were extremely accurate. I had calculated 179,000 SHP would produce a speed of 28.3 knots. I Springsharp, the speed of 28.4 knots is obtained using 178,280 SHP. Considering that the original was estimated using comparison ships, that was quite acceptable. The armament is 9-18in BLR and 24-5in QF guns. The armour basis is 18in, with an 8in deck and 8in torpedo protection. A range of 10,000nm at 15 knots was possible, due to the rather low protection weight. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/BB/1915 BBX, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
64,590 t light; 67,422 t standard; 71,500 t normal; 74,762 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
801.62 ft / 800.00 ft x 135.00 ft x 37.00 ft (normal load)
244.34 m / 243.84 m x 41.15 m x 11.28 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 27,744 lbs / 12,584 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 465.00 ft / 141.73 m 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 465.00 ft / 141.73 m 36.00 ft / 10.97 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 12.0" / 305 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 178,280 shp / 132,997 Kw = 28.40 kts
Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 7,340 tons
Complement:
2,186 - 2,842
Cost:
£8.532 million / $34.127 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,468 tons, 4.9 %
Armour: 30,992 tons, 43.3 %
- Belts: 7,235 tons, 10.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 4,955 tons, 6.9 %
- Armament: 6,154 tons, 8.6 %
- Armour Deck: 11,980 tons, 16.8 %
- Conning Tower: 668 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 4,941 tons, 6.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 25,189 tons, 35.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,910 tons, 9.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
114,464 lbs / 51,920 Kg = 39.3 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 27.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.19
Metacentric height 10.7 ft / 3.3 m
Roll period: 17.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.37
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.06
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.626
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.93 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Mid (50 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Stern: 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Average freeboard: 23.64 ft / 7.21 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 69.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 162.2 %
Waterplane Area: 80,943 Square feet or 7,520 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 238 lbs/sq ft or 1,164 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.40
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Sunday, May 28, 2006
Even at 60,000 tons standard, the Ger/BB/1915 is still potent
The only modification that I made to the Ger/BB/1915 60,000 ton specification was to raise the speed and power, so that the ship can make 23 knots. The design does not have the extreme protection that is characteristic of the 72,000 ton version. The protection is still adequate, however. The draft is a much more reasonable 34ft. This design was part of a wargame campaign that ignored air power and submarines. The game was all about building surface fleets to fight Jutland-like battles. This version has 16-6in QF guns as the secondary armament, as all the guns were designed to be in inches, not metric measurement. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915-Smaller, Germany Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
57,389 t light; 60,062 t standard; 63,000 t normal; 65,350 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
752.24 ft / 750.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
229.28 m / 228.60 m x 39.62 m x 10.36 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
16 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (8x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 27,972 lbs / 12,688 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 12.0" / 305 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 75,765 shp / 56,521 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 5,288 tons
Complement:
1,987 - 2,584
Cost:
£7.621 million / $30.485 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,497 tons, 5.6 %
Armour: 28,001 tons, 44.4 %
- Belts: 5,736 tons, 9.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 3,907 tons, 6.2 %
- Armament: 6,536 tons, 10.4 %
- Armour Deck: 11,208 tons, 17.8 %
- Conning Tower: 614 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 2,100 tons, 3.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 23,642 tons, 37.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,611 tons, 8.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 0.2 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
115,976 lbs / 52,606 Kg = 39.8 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 28.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 9.2 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 80 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.61
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.665
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.77 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 45 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.56 ft / 7.79 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 62.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 181.5 %
Waterplane Area: 75,732 Square feet or 7,036 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 238 lbs/sq ft or 1,163 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.94
- Longitudinal: 1.62
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Saturday, May 27, 2006
I am amazed at how accurate the 1971 concept for the Ger/BB/1915 design
The original specification for the Ger/BB/1915 design is pretty expansive, and has the extreme draft specified of 40 ft. I followed that specification as closely as possible, in terms of power and weights, except that I slightly reduced the draft. The power specified was 120,000 SHP, and that actually produces slightly more than 25 knots, not just the 20 knots envisioned, so that is good. The protection weight is so great that I had great difficulty in increasing the protection to that amount. The protection is really extreme, as 38,070 tons was specified on a 72,000 tons standard ship. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915, Germany Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
69,130 t light; 72,038 t standard; 75,300 t normal; 77,909 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
751.57 ft / 750.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 39.00 ft (normal load)
229.08 m / 228.60 m x 39.62 m x 11.89 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3 mounts), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 2 raised guns - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 27,744 lbs / 12,584 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 22.0" / 559 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 82 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
10.0" / 254 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 39.00 ft / 11.89 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 22.0" / 559 mm 14.0" / 356 mm 22.0" / 559 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 10.00" / 254 mm, Conning tower: 22.00" / 559 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 120,277 shp / 89,727 Kw = 25.20 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 5,871 tons
Complement:
2,272 - 2,954
Cost:
£8.435 million / $33.742 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,468 tons, 4.6 %
Armour: 37,997 tons, 50.5 %
- Belts: 9,500 tons, 12.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 5,772 tons, 7.7 %
- Armament: 7,511 tons, 10.0 %
- Armour Deck: 14,368 tons, 19.1 %
- Conning Tower: 845 tons, 1.1 %
Machinery: 3,334 tons, 4.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 24,182 tons, 32.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,170 tons, 8.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 0.2 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
138,171 lbs / 62,673 Kg = 47.4 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 37.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
Metacentric height 9.0 ft / 2.7 m
Roll period: 18.2 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.52
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.38
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.693
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.77 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.40 ft / 7.74 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 58.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 162.8 %
Waterplane Area: 77,667 Square feet or 7,216 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 232 lbs/sq ft or 1,135 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.68
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Friday, May 26, 2006
I tried to reproduce the British Abdiel class minelayer in Springsharp
I have long liked the British fast minelayers of the Abdiel class. I thought that I would try to reproduce that design in Springsharp. The ship is 415ft x 40ft x 14.5ft and is 2,650 tons standard. The designed speed is 39.75 knots at 72,000 SHP. The armament is 6-4in and 4-2pdr guns. The ship is intended to carry as many as 150 mines. With Springsharp, using the lightest machinery possible, I was only able to achieve 36 knots, without making any radical changes:
Abdiel class, Great Britain Cruiser Minelayer laid down 1939 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
2,591 t light; 2,667 t standard; 2,950 t normal; 3,176 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
416.10 ft / 415.00 ft x 40.00 ft x 14.00 ft (normal load)
126.83 m / 126.49 m x 12.19 m x 4.27 m
Armament:
6 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (3x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1939 Model
Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
4 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (1x4 guns), 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 1939 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mount
on centreline aft, all raised guns - superfiring
Weight of broadside 200 lbs / 91 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 73,894 shp / 55,125 Kw = 36.00 kts
Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 509 tons
Complement:
199 - 260
Cost:
£1.936 million / $7.744 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 25 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 1,579 tons, 53.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 837 tons, 28.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 359 tons, 12.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 150 tons, 5.1 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
796 lbs / 361 Kg = 24.9 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.36
Metacentric height 2.2 ft / 0.7 m
Roll period: 11.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.22
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.20
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.444
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.38 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.37 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 68 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Mid (50 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 19.16 ft / 5.84 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 184.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 191.7 %
Waterplane Area: 10,540 Square feet or 979 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 76 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 37 lbs/sq ft or 181 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.46
- Longitudinal: 2.33
- Overall: 0.54
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Thursday, May 25, 2006
The Ger/BB/1916 Large can easily be made faster
I thought the Ger/BB/1916 Large design would be a more effective ship if the speed were higher. It really did not take very much to achieve that. I thought that 27 knots would be adequate. That was the target speed for the American WWII fast battleships North Carolina and Washington. About all that was required was more displacement. This is the revised Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1916 Large Mod.A Red Book, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1923)
Displacement:
85,001 t light; 88,989 t standard; 92,534 t normal; 95,370 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
905.80 ft / 900.00 ft x 150.00 ft x 35.70 ft (normal load)
276.09 m / 274.32 m x 45.72 m x 10.88 m
Armament:
10 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (4 mounts), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 47,805 lbs / 21,684 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 505.00 ft / 153.92 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 16.0" / 406 mm 505.00 ft / 153.92 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 86 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 505.00 ft / 153.92 m 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 169,236 shp / 126,250 Kw = 27.00 kts
Range 6,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,381 tons
Complement:
2,652 - 3,448
Cost:
£14.378 million / $57.511 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,976 tons, 6.5 %
Armour: 36,615 tons, 39.6 %
- Belts: 6,731 tons, 7.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 5,232 tons, 5.7 %
- Armament: 8,243 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 15,616 tons, 16.9 %
- Conning Tower: 793 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 5,656 tons, 6.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 36,753 tons, 39.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,534 tons, 8.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
135,108 lbs / 61,284 Kg = 29.2 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 29.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 12.5 ft / 3.8 m
Roll period: 17.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.51
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.21
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has low forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.672
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (27.00 ft / 8.23 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.86 ft / 7.88 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 193.0 %
Waterplane Area: 105,513 Square feet or 9,803 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 277 lbs/sq ft or 1,352 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.22
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Wednesday, May 24, 2006
High speed
As an aside from the current theme, writing about the supply of Malta, elsewhere, prompted some thoughts about the value of speed. The rise of aviation removed much of the tactical value of extremely high speeds. Very high speed was still relevant, as it provided a means for inferior forces to escape and for superior forces to catch an enemy surface force.
The British Abdiel class minelayers were very useful for supplying Malta, as they had both good volume and weight carrying characteristics, but they also had the capability for high, sustained speeds. The designed 40 knot speed was probably not practical, especially when loaded, but they were probably good for a sustained speed of 36 knots. That made them good candidates for the Malta resupply mission, especially when the enemy was more active in the air.
In regions such as the Mediterranean Sea the real value was the strategic mobility offered by high speed. That was what made the small Italian cruisers, such as the Attilio Regolo, so valuable.
In the Pacific War, the United States came to desire large, fast destroyers to "run with the carriers". By late in the war, development was underway for the larger sort of destroyer that was commonplace, postwar. As catapult power increased, the need for speed was diminished, as aircraft carriers were able to launch aircraft at lower speeds. The volume and weight carrying capacity of the large destroyers was still valuable at a time when ships were starting to be loaded with electronic equipment.
The large battleship, tweaked
On the next page in the Red Book is a scale pencil drawing (Janes Fighting Ship style), weights, and other specifications. The plan for this design (the Ger/BB/1916) was to build two ships ("AA" and "AB") between August 1915 and December 1917. How such large ships would be built quickly is hard to say. The drawing gives the citadel length, so I adjusted that, increased the height of the torpedo bulkhead, which had been too short. I did not want to lower the range to the point that the oil fuel would be only 5,000 tons. Even at 6,000nm, SPringsharp requires more fuel than that. This is the revised Springsharp report:
10 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (4 mounts), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 47,805 lbs / 21,684 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 505.00 ft / 153.92 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 16.0" / 406 mm 505.00 ft / 153.92 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 86 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
8.00" / 203 mm 505.00 ft / 153.92 m 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 84,849 shp / 63,298 Kw = 22.70 kts
Range 6,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 6,162 tons
Complement:
2,562 - 3,332
Cost:
£13.507 million / $54.026 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,976 tons, 6.8 %
Armour: 36,162 tons, 40.9 %
- Belts: 6,724 tons, 7.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 5,232 tons, 5.9 %
- Armament: 8,243 tons, 9.3 %
- Armour Deck: 15,193 tons, 17.2 %
- Conning Tower: 770 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 2,836 tons, 3.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 36,097 tons, 40.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,329 tons, 8.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
143,423 lbs / 65,056 Kg = 31.0 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 35.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
Metacentric height 12.1 ft / 3.7 m
Roll period: 18.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 67 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.34
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has low forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.642
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 38 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (27.00 ft / 8.23 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.86 ft / 7.88 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 70.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 194.3 %
Waterplane Area: 102,658 Square feet or 9,537 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 99 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 278 lbs/sq ft or 1,359 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.27
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Tuesday, May 23, 2006
My very large battleship design: Ger/BB/1916
This is another Ger/BB/1916 design, but this ship is very large. The length is relatively short at 900ft, but the displacement is substantial, intended to be 80,000 tons standard , as is the beam at 150ft. The armament is as large as I have used, being 10-21in BLR and 24-5in QF guns. The speed was low, intended to be 20 knots, but the power I specified, 85,000 SHP could produce 22.5 knots for a ship of this length and displacement. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1916 Red Book, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
82,140 t light; 86,128 t standard; 92,500 t normal; 97,597 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
905.80 ft / 900.00 ft x 150.00 ft x 35.70 ft (normal load)
276.09 m / 274.32 m x 45.72 m x 10.88 m
Armament:
10 - 21.00" / 533 mm guns (4 mounts), 4,630.50lbs / 2,100.36kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 47,805 lbs / 21,684 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 620.00 ft / 188.98 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 16.0" / 406 mm 620.00 ft / 188.98 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 106 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
7.00" / 178 mm 620.00 ft / 188.98 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 85,287 shp / 63,624 Kw = 22.50 kts
Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 11,469 tons
Complement:
2,651 - 3,447
Cost:
£13.535 million / $54.140 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 5,976 tons, 6.5 %
Armour: 37,074 tons, 40.1 %
- Belts: 7,856 tons, 8.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 4,657 tons, 5.0 %
- Armament: 8,243 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 15,612 tons, 16.9 %
- Conning Tower: 705 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 2,692 tons, 2.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 36,399 tons, 39.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 10,360 tons, 11.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
158,522 lbs / 71,904 Kg = 34.2 x 21.0 " / 533 mm shells or 38.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 12.4 ft / 3.8 m
Roll period: 17.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 68 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.54
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.35
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has low forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.672
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 38 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (27.00 ft / 8.23 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.86 ft / 7.88 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 66.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 193.0 %
Waterplane Area: 105,490 Square feet or 9,800 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 274 lbs/sq ft or 1,339 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.25
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Monday, May 22, 2006
A particularly over-optimistic battleship design
The next page in the Red Book has the specifications for a battleship design that is widely over-optimistic:
50,000 tons 30 knots 9-18in, 20-5in 16in-18in Belt, 7in + 4in Decks, 2in A/T Prot. Turrets: 12in face, 12in top, 8in sides and rear 16in Barbettes, 16in C.T., 16in Funnel Bases 850ft x 120ft x 30.4ft (Hull depth=60ft) Hull weight basis=0.24 (L X B X D X HWB = hull weight in tons) Cp=0.58 Cm=0.97 2.8 SHP/ton = 140,000 SHP Hull =14,720 tons Aux. Mach. = 4,670 tons Armament = 3,330 tons Protection =21,380 tons Misc. = 4,000 tonsI almost think that my friend Cliff had designed this ship, given its attempt to achieve a great deal on a small displacement. The turret protection also seems to reflect his ideas. If that is the case, then this might have been intended to be a British ship. In any case, I used the power that was planned, but the Springsharp design can only do 27.5 knots for that power. The draft is too shallow for adequate strength. To achieve adequate strength, the displacement needed to be much greater. This is the resulting Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1916 Red Book, Germany Enter ship type laid down 1916 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
56,428 t light; 58,904 t standard; 62,100 t normal; 64,657 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
854.24 ft / 850.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
260.37 m / 259.08 m x 36.58 m x 9.75 m
Armament:
9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 27,494 lbs / 12,471 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 16.0" / 406 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 140,865 shp / 105,086 Kw = 27.50 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 5,754 tons
Complement:
1,966 - 2,557
Cost:
£8.974 million / $35.898 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,437 tons, 5.5 %
Armour: 22,915 tons, 36.9 %
- Belts: 6,916 tons, 11.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,180 tons, 1.9 %
- Armament: 5,478 tons, 8.8 %
- Armour Deck: 8,800 tons, 14.2 %
- Conning Tower: 541 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 4,447 tons, 7.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 25,630 tons, 41.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,672 tons, 9.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
99,512 lbs / 45,138 Kg = 34.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 15.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.80
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.42
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.666
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.08 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (50 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Stern: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Average freeboard: 27.40 ft / 8.35 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 207.4 %
Waterplane Area: 79,281 Square feet or 7,365 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 239 lbs/sq ft or 1,168 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.43
- Overall: 1.03
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Sunday, May 21, 2006
The F/CA/1917 Mod.A from the Red Book drawing
The next page in the Red Book is a drawing of what I have been calling the F/CA/1917 Mod.A cruiser. This drawing has the advantage that it shows the armoured length of the citadel. I have raised the freeboard and increased the draft to see if I could obtain a higher speed, while still maintaining a modest protection. The armament is 9-11in guns in triple turrets, grouped forward, with 8-6in QF guns amidships, with shields. I have included a thin torpedo bulkhead. I also slightly increased the displacement. Springsharp rates the survivability higher than I would have expected:
F/CA/1917, France Heavy Cruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1941)
Displacement:
17,267 t light; 17,873 t standard; 19,200 t normal; 20,262 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
731.31 ft / 729.00 ft x 80.00 ft x 24.00 ft (normal load)
222.90 m / 222.20 m x 24.38 m x 7.32 m
Armament:
6 - 11.00" / 279 mm guns (2x3 guns), 665.50lbs / 301.87kg shells, 1917 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1917 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 4,857 lbs / 2,203 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 10.00 ft / 3.05 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
0.75" / 19 mm 400.00 ft / 121.92 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm
- Armour deck: 1.75" / 44 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 187,527 shp / 139,895 Kw = 36.00 kts
Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,388 tons
Complement:
815 - 1,060
Cost:
£3.288 million / $13.150 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 607 tons, 3.2 %
Armour: 2,833 tons, 14.8 %
- Belts: 691 tons, 3.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 255 tons, 1.3 %
- Armament: 589 tons, 3.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,236 tons, 6.4 %
- Conning Tower: 62 tons, 0.3 %
Machinery: 4,956 tons, 25.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,871 tons, 46.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,933 tons, 10.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
22,191 lbs / 10,065 Kg = 33.3 x 11.0 " / 279 mm shells or 2.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
Metacentric height 5.0 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 15.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.54
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.480
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.11 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (62 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 25.36 ft / 7.73 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 143.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 224.5 %
Waterplane Area: 38,169 Square feet or 3,546 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 150 lbs/sq ft or 730 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.55
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, May 20, 2006
The GB/DL/1916 from the Red Book
I have this design for a super destroyer that I did back in the early 1970's. I suspect that it was mine, and not my friend Cliff's design. My concept for a super destroyer at the time included 6in QF guns, which is probably not such a great idea. Of course, the German Z-class from WWII used them (or at least 15cm QF guns). By using lightweight machinery, I was able to obtain an acceptable result. The pencil drawing only had dimensions and armament, so I had to see what speed could be achieved. By using light machinery, the ship can reach 36 knots, which seems sufficient. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/DL/1916, Great Britain Destroyer Leader laid down 1916 (Engine 1941)
Displacement:
2,185 t light; 2,234 t standard; 2,450 t normal; 2,623 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
417.31 ft / 415.00 ft x 42.00 ft x 12.00 ft (normal load)
127.20 m / 126.49 m x 12.80 m x 3.66 m
Armament:
4 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1916 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline, evenly spread
Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
Weight of broadside 432 lbs / 196 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 0
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 64,750 shp / 48,304 Kw = 36.00 kts
Range 4,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 389 tons
Complement:
173 - 226
Cost:
£0.510 million / $2.042 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 54 tons, 2.2 %
Machinery: 1,358 tons, 55.4 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 773 tons, 31.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 265 tons, 10.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
635 lbs / 288 Kg = 5.9 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.49
Metacentric height 2.7 ft / 0.8 m
Roll period: 10.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.30
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.03
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.410
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.88 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.37 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 67 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Mid (32 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m (15.00 ft / 4.57 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Stern: 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Average freeboard: 17.72 ft / 5.40 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 194.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 164.9 %
Waterplane Area: 10,794 Square feet or 1,003 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 64 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 38 lbs/sq ft or 188 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.46
- Longitudinal: 1.70
- Overall: 0.52
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, May 19, 2006
Sorry for the formatting problems
I had fill of the problems with positioning in IE6 with the previous template, so I needed to make a change. I will probably have to tweak this one for a while, as well as adding in things that I omitted while making the changeover. This template already seems promising, as the content is displayed in a way so as to be visible. Of course, I need to check what it is like with Firefox. It was IE6 that drove the change. UPDATE: yes, things are pretty ragged, but at least I can see it in both IE6 and Firefox, in a way that is not too unacceptable. I am sorry to say that Dreadnought Cruisers is optimized for IE6, and tweaked so as to be not too bad in Firefox.
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