My Ger/BB/1907 with better SHP/ton

With a better SHP/ton for the machinery, I was almost able to match my hopes for the design from 1973. I had hoped for 30 knots, but I have settled for 29 knots (still faster than the original 1971 concept). The design carries 8-12in BLR and 12-4in QF guns. The belt is 13in with a 3.5in deck. The A/T bulkhead is 2 inches. This is the report:

Ger/BB/1907, Germany Battleship laid down 1907 (Engine 1914)

Displacement:
	26,745 t light; 27,721 t standard; 30,292 t normal; 32,349 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	620.00 ft / 620.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
	188.98 m / 188.98 m x 32.00 m  x 10.36 m

Armament:
      8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1907 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1907 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
	Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	13.0" / 330 mm	480.00 ft / 146.30 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 119 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		2.00" / 51 mm	480.00 ft / 146.30 m	24.00 ft / 7.32 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	11.0" / 279 mm	7.00" / 178 mm		12.0" / 305 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.50" / 89 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 117,442 shp / 87,612 Kw = 29.00 kts
	Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 4,628 tons

Complement:
	1,147 - 1,492

Cost:
	£2.336 million / $9.342 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 912 tons, 3.0 %
	Armour: 10,654 tons, 35.2 %
	   - Belts: 4,432 tons, 14.6 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 852 tons, 2.8 %
	   - Armament: 2,404 tons, 7.9 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,756 tons, 9.1 %
	   - Conning Tower: 209 tons, 0.7 %
	Machinery: 4,524 tons, 14.9 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,655 tons, 35.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,547 tons, 11.7 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  37,415 lbs / 16,971 Kg = 43.3 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 6.7 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.05
	Metacentric height 6.0 ft / 1.8 m
	Roll period: 18.1 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.30
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.14

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.479
	Length to Beam Ratio: 5.90 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 24.90 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 52
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		29.00 ft / 8.84 m
	   - Forecastle (67 %):	27.00 ft / 8.23 m
	   - Mid (67 %):		27.00 ft / 8.23 m (18.00 ft / 5.49 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	18.00 ft / 5.49 m
	   - Stern:		18.00 ft / 5.49 m
	   - Average freeboard:	24.57 ft / 7.49 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 88.4 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 127.2 %
	Waterplane Area: 42,565 Square feet or 3,954 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 170 lbs/sq ft or 832 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.92
		- Longitudinal: 2.04
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My friend Cliff would have been thrilled with how the GB/CB/1910 worked out

I just experimented with my friend Cliff's design for a super-fast battlecruiser with 4-13.5in BLR and 8-4in QF guns. "Super-fast" is relative, but 36 knots is faster than anything anyone but us thought of achieving. The American CC's for 1921 were originally to be 35 knot ships, and I've not seen anything else that was close. The GB/CB/1910 was different from her predecessors in having better protection (a 9in belt). I have her a 3in deck, as well.

GB/CB/1910, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1910 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
	29,739 t light; 30,662 t standard; 33,008 t normal; 34,885 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	775.00 ft / 775.00 ft x 92.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
	236.22 m / 236.22 m x 28.04 m  x 10.06 m

Armament:
      4 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (2x2 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1910 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      8 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (4x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1910 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
	Weight of broadside 5,177 lbs / 2,348 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	580.00 ft / 176.78 m	18.00 ft / 5.49 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		2.00" / 51 mm	580.00 ft / 176.78 m	27.00 ft / 8.23 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	6.00" / 152 mm		8.00" / 203 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 259,440 shp / 193,542 Kw = 36.00 kts
	Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 4,223 tons

Complement:
	1,223 - 1,591

Cost:
	£2.731 million / $10.924 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 647 tons, 2.0 %
	Armour: 8,742 tons, 26.5 %
	   - Belts: 3,872 tons, 11.7 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,159 tons, 3.5 %
	   - Armament: 1,096 tons, 3.3 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,615 tons, 7.9 %
	   - Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	Machinery: 8,189 tons, 24.8 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 12,161 tons, 36.8 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,268 tons, 9.9 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  35,518 lbs / 16,111 Kg = 28.9 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 4.5 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
	Metacentric height 5.9 ft / 1.8 m
	Roll period: 15.9 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.33
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.10

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.491
	Length to Beam Ratio: 8.42 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 27.84 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		34.00 ft / 10.36 m
	   - Forecastle (68 %):	30.00 ft / 9.14 m
	   - Mid (68 %):		30.00 ft / 9.14 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Stern:		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Average freeboard:	28.53 ft / 8.70 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 122.0 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 161.5 %
	Waterplane Area: 47,120 Square feet or 4,378 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 160 lbs/sq ft or 783 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.97
		- Longitudinal: 1.64
		- Overall: 1.02
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Machinery power output per weight is critical: Ger/CB/1906

If you use a higher power per ton of machinery weight for my Ger/CB/1906, the design becomes very possible. I had hoped for 33 knots, and can achieve that. I kept the side armor thin (4in) as in my original spec. The ship is about what I had hoped for in 1971, using Springsharp to validate the design). Am I missing anything?

Ger/CB/1906, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1906 (Engine 1923)

Displacement:
	25,921 t light; 26,874 t standard; 29,166 t normal; 31,000 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	800.00 ft / 800.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
	243.84 m / 243.84 m x 25.91 m  x 8.23 m

Armament:
      8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1906 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1906 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	4.00" / 102 mm	650.00 ft / 198.12 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 125 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.50" / 38 mm	650.00 ft / 198.12 m	24.00 ft / 7.32 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	5.00" / 127 mm		9.00" / 229 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 5.00" / 127 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 169,854 shp / 126,711 Kw = 33.00 kts
	Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 4,126 tons

Complement:
	1,115 - 1,450

Cost:
	£2.468 million / $9.872 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 912 tons, 3.1 %
	Armour: 7,422 tons, 25.4 %
	   - Belts: 1,791 tons, 6.1 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 866 tons, 3.0 %
	   - Armament: 2,015 tons, 6.9 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,649 tons, 9.1 %
	   - Conning Tower: 102 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 5,677 tons, 19.5 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,910 tons, 40.8 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,245 tons, 11.1 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  34,748 lbs / 15,761 Kg = 40.2 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.6 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.04
	Metacentric height 4.2 ft / 1.3 m
	Roll period: 17.3 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.73
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.24

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.556
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.41 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		33.00 ft / 10.06 m
	   - Forecastle (67 %):	30.00 ft / 9.14 m
	   - Mid (67 %):		30.00 ft / 9.14 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Stern:		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Average freeboard:	28.16 ft / 8.58 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 113.6 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 179.4 %
	Waterplane Area: 47,724 Square feet or 4,434 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 159 lbs/sq ft or 778 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.98
		- Longitudinal: 1.21
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
	Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

I was surprised that I had stability problems with the GB/BB/1912

I'm not sure that I have the specs exactly right, as I don't have the book along to check, but I know the broad parameters. The idea was a 25 knot ship with 9-15in guns and good armor. I worked from those premises. This is the report of what I ended up with, in order to have a balance of stability, strength, and seakeeping ability. I had to use the slider in Springsharp to get adequate stability (seems like cheating).

GB/BB/1912, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1912 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
	32,047 t light; 33,596 t standard; 35,717 t normal; 37,413 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	650.00 ft / 650.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
	198.12 m / 198.12 m x 30.48 m  x 9.75 m

Armament:
      9 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (3x3 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1912 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1912 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 16,484 lbs / 7,477 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	14.0" / 356 mm	485.00 ft / 147.83 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		2.00" / 51 mm	485.00 ft / 147.83 m	26.00 ft / 7.92 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	14.0" / 356 mm	7.00" / 178 mm		14.0" / 356 mm

   - Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 99,853 shp / 74,491 Kw = 27.00 kts
	Range 8,500nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 3,817 tons

Complement:
	1,298 - 1,688

Cost:
	£3.294 million / $13.175 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 2,060 tons, 5.8 %
	Armour: 12,845 tons, 36.0 %
	   - Belts: 4,891 tons, 13.7 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 933 tons, 2.6 %
	   - Armament: 3,336 tons, 9.3 %
	   - Armour Deck: 3,521 tons, 9.9 %
	   - Conning Tower: 164 tons, 0.5 %
	Machinery: 3,152 tons, 8.8 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,990 tons, 39.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,670 tons, 10.3 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  40,894 lbs / 18,549 Kg = 24.2 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 6.8 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.01
	Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.6 m
	Roll period: 18.6 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 48 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.68
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.601
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.50 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 25.50 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 44
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		30.00 ft / 9.14 m
	   - Forecastle (67 %):	25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Mid (67 %):		25.00 ft / 7.62 m (17.00 ft / 5.18 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	   - Stern:		17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	   - Average freeboard:	23.70 ft / 7.22 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.1 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 118.7 %
	Waterplane Area: 47,584 Square feet or 4,421 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 205 lbs/sq ft or 1,001 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.94
		- Longitudinal: 1.70
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

My answer to the GB/BB/1914: the Ger/BB/1916

I would have built these in numbers to contest the North Sea and Channel against what the British were building. This is the original concept, with 9-18in BLR and 24-5in QF guns. It has the thick armor, as in the original, but higher speed. I wanted a good mix of stability, hull strength, and seakeeping ability, and this is what resulted (from my 1971 notes):

Ger/BB/1916, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
	61,391 t light; 64,163 t standard; 68,510 t normal; 71,987 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	763.01 ft / 760.00 ft x 132.00 ft x 37.00 ft (normal load)
	232.57 m / 231.65 m x 40.23 m  x 11.28 m

Armament:
      9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      24 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
	Weight of broadside 27,744 lbs / 12,584 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	18.0" / 457 mm	575.00 ft / 175.26 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 116 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		3.00" / 76 mm	575.00 ft / 175.26 m	34.00 ft / 10.36 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	18.0" / 457 mm	10.0" / 254 mm		18.0" / 457 mm
	2nd:	2.00" / 51 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 146,312 shp / 109,149 Kw = 27.00 kts
	Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 7,824 tons

Complement:
	2,116 - 2,752

Cost:
	£9.341 million / $37.364 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 3,468 tons, 5.1 %
	Armour: 27,475 tons, 40.1 %
	   - Belts: 7,532 tons, 11.0 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,170 tons, 3.2 %
	   - Armament: 6,007 tons, 8.8 %
	   - Armour Deck: 11,332 tons, 16.5 %
	   - Conning Tower: 433 tons, 0.6 %
	Machinery: 4,618 tons, 6.7 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 25,830 tons, 37.7 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,119 tons, 10.4 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  105,427 lbs / 47,821 Kg = 36.2 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 20.6 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
	Metacentric height 8.6 ft / 2.6 m
	Roll period: 18.9 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.59
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.13

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.646
	Length to Beam Ratio: 5.76 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 27.57 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		29.00 ft / 8.84 m
	   - Forecastle (0 %):	25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Mid (0 %):		25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Stern:		25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Average freeboard:	25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 71.0 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 172.3 %
	Waterplane Area: 76,569 Square feet or 7,114 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 255 lbs/sq ft or 1,243 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.95
		- Longitudinal: 1.62
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Sometimes things work really well: GB/BB/1914

My friend conceived of a 48,500 ton battleship that had 9-18in and 20-5in QF guns. It could make 25 knots and and would have a modern look. The idea was to mass produce them at the start of the impending naval wargame. Now that I am compensating for Springsharp's problem with machinery weight, this ship works really well (with 36 SHP/ton, which is pretty "edgy"). Predictably, we didn't allow enough displacement for a balanced design. This ship has a sterling report, although I reduced the freeboard to improve stability:

GB/BB/1914 classic, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1914 (Engine 1937)

Displacement:
	55,284 t light; 57,904 t standard; 61,643 t normal; 64,634 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	801.01 ft / 800.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 34.00 ft (normal load)
	244.15 m / 243.84 m x 36.58 m  x 10.36 m

Armament:
      9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1914 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
	  Main guns limited to end-on fire
      20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1914 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
	Weight of broadside 27,494 lbs / 12,471 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	18.0" / 457 mm	570.00 ft / 173.74 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 110 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		2.00" / 51 mm	570.00 ft / 173.74 m	29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	16.0" / 406 mm	8.00" / 203 mm		16.0" / 406 mm
	2nd:	2.00" / 51 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 98,882 shp / 73,766 Kw = 25.00 kts
	Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 6,730 tons

Complement:
	1,955 - 2,542

Cost:
	£6.625 million / $26.501 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 3,437 tons, 5.6 %
	Armour: 24,139 tons, 39.2 %
	   - Belts: 7,477 tons, 12.1 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,223 tons, 2.0 %
	   - Armament: 5,415 tons, 8.8 %
	   - Armour Deck: 9,620 tons, 15.6 %
	   - Conning Tower: 403 tons, 0.7 %
	Machinery: 2,741 tons, 4.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 24,968 tons, 40.5 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,359 tons, 10.3 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  103,709 lbs / 47,041 Kg = 35.6 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 17.9 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.02
	Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
	Roll period: 19.3 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.00
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.49

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.661
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.67 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		29.00 ft / 8.84 m
	   - Forecastle (0 %):	26.00 ft / 7.92 m
	   - Mid (0 %):		26.00 ft / 7.92 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	26.00 ft / 7.92 m
	   - Stern:		26.00 ft / 7.92 m
	   - Average freeboard:	26.00 ft / 7.92 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 68.0 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 188.2 %
	Waterplane Area: 74,285 Square feet or 6,901 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 248 lbs/sq ft or 1,210 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.95
		- Longitudinal: 1.48
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

My latest attempt at a Super Fast Battlecruiser using Springsharp

I took another shot a seeing if I could make the Super Fast Battlecruiser work in Springsharp. I wrote about this last October, and had my 1970's era drawing. I expended considerable effort to make the design have adequate seakeeping ability. The ship had to get wider, longer, and deeper. Even then, the best I could do was 39 knots. It at least captures the intent, although at a greater cost.

GB/CB/Super Fast, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1921 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
	36,667 t light; 37,948 t standard; 39,546 t normal; 40,824 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	836.26 ft / 835.00 ft x 112.00 ft x 37.00 ft (normal load)
	254.89 m / 254.51 m x 34.14 m  x 11.28 m

Armament:
      4 - 17.00" / 432 mm guns (2x2 guns), 2,456.50lbs / 1,114.25kg shells, 1921 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (8x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1921 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 10,826 lbs / 4,911 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	8.00" / 203 mm	580.00 ft / 176.78 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 107 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.50" / 38 mm	580.00 ft / 176.78 m	24.00 ft / 7.32 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	5.00" / 127 mm		8.00" / 203 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 5.00" / 127 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 8 shafts, 377,615 shp / 281,701 Kw = 39.00 kts
	Range 7,000nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 2,876 tons

Complement:
	1,401 - 1,822

Cost:
	£9.380 million / $37.518 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 1,353 tons, 3.4 %
	Armour: 7,864 tons, 19.9 %
	   - Belts: 3,297 tons, 8.3 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 773 tons, 2.0 %
	   - Armament: 1,540 tons, 3.9 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,130 tons, 5.4 %
	   - Conning Tower: 125 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 9,034 tons, 22.8 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 18,415 tons, 46.6 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,879 tons, 7.3 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  42,280 lbs / 19,178 Kg = 17.2 x 17.0 " / 432 mm shells or 5.3 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
	Metacentric height 7.0 ft / 2.1 m
	Roll period: 17.8 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.44
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.400
	Length to Beam Ratio: 7.46 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 28.90 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		36.00 ft / 10.97 m
	   - Forecastle (45 %):	33.00 ft / 10.06 m
	   - Mid (45 %):		33.00 ft / 10.06 m (25.00 ft / 7.62 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Stern:		25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Average freeboard:	29.14 ft / 8.88 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 121.3 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 195.7 %
	Waterplane Area: 57,567 Square feet or 5,348 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 210 lbs/sq ft or 1,027 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.93
		- Longitudinal: 1.93
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Cliff's GB/CS/1915 ended up having to be very light

I tried to keep the dimensions and armament as my friend Cliff had specified in 1971, but the displacement had to drop dramatically, to achieve acceptable seakeeping ability. I don't see any indication that he wanted armor, which is a good thing, as there doesn't seem to be room for it. Cliff had wanted the design to have 800 tons of oil fuel, but the best I could do was to have 409 tons, still good for 7,500nm at 15 knots. That is pretty good for such a small ship. The armament is 4-6in QF and 4-21in TT. The speed of 32 knots was easy. Cliff had specifed 40,000 SHP and the Springsharp number of 40,848 SHP seems quite close to that figure. The machinery is about 36 SHP/ton, which is not unreasonable, as the British thought that they could do better than that for small, fast ships in 1905.

GB/CS/1915, Great Britain Scout Cruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1933)

Displacement:
	2,038 t light; 2,132 t standard; 2,541 t normal; 2,868 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	408.31 ft / 405.00 ft x 41.00 ft x 13.00 ft (normal load)
	124.45 m / 123.44 m x 12.50 m  x 3.96 m

Armament:
      4 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread
	Weight of broadside 432 lbs / 196 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 180
	4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 40,848 shp / 30,472 Kw = 32.00 kts
	Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 736 tons

Complement:
	178 - 232

Cost:
	£0.400 million / $1.601 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 54 tons, 2.1 %
	Machinery: 1,132 tons, 44.6 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 852 tons, 33.5 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 503 tons, 19.8 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  1,141 lbs / 518 Kg = 10.6 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.4 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.52
	Metacentric height 2.7 ft / 0.8 m
	Roll period: 10.5 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.29
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.412
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.88 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 20.12 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 52
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Forecastle (0 %):	17.00 ft / 5.18 m (16.00 ft / 4.88 m aft of break)
	   - Mid (0 %):		16.00 ft / 4.88 m (15.00 ft / 4.57 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	15.00 ft / 4.57 m
	   - Stern:		15.00 ft / 4.57 m
	   - Average freeboard:	15.00 ft / 4.57 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 160.6 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 137.8 %
	Waterplane Area: 10,297 Square feet or 957 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 90 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 48 lbs/sq ft or 236 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.63
		- Longitudinal: 1.41
		- Overall: 0.69
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

An extreme version of the GB/CB/1905 design

This is extreme, as it uses high power output machinery (38.7 SHP/ton). The ship is faster and better protected, thanks to having lighter-weight machinery. I left the dimensions and armament as originally conceived by my friend Cliff, in 1971, so it still has 4-12in BLR and 9-6in QF. I was able to increase the armor belt to the 6in that David K. Brown had recommended to me. I also incorporated heavier barbette and turret armor, more like what I had hoped for in my 1973 recalculations. Here is the report, showing what can be done with Springsharp:

GB/CB/1905 fast, Great Britain Enter ship type laid down 1905 (Engine 1943)

Displacement:
	24,145 t light; 24,909 t standard; 26,709 t normal; 28,150 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
	234.70 m / 234.70 m x 25.91 m  x 8.23 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, majority aft, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 4,428 lbs / 2,009 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	6.00" / 152 mm	580.00 ft / 176.78 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 116 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.50" / 38 mm	580.00 ft / 176.78 m	25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	10.0" / 254 mm	6.00" / 152 mm		9.00" / 229 mm
	2nd:	2.00" / 51 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 230,373 shp / 171,858 Kw = 36.00 kts
	Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 3,241 tons

Complement:
	1,044 - 1,358

Cost:
	£2.143 million / $8.572 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 554 tons, 2.1 %
	Armour: 6,999 tons, 26.2 %
	   - Belts: 2,428 tons, 9.1 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 805 tons, 3.0 %
	   - Armament: 1,126 tons, 4.2 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,486 tons, 9.3 %
	   - Conning Tower: 154 tons, 0.6 %
	Machinery: 5,950 tons, 22.3 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,643 tons, 39.8 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,564 tons, 9.6 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  33,665 lbs / 15,270 Kg = 39.0 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.4 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
	Metacentric height 4.9 ft / 1.5 m
	Roll period: 16.2 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.42
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.13

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.529
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		33.00 ft / 10.06 m
	   - Forecastle (67 %):	31.00 ft / 9.45 m
	   - Mid (67 %):		31.00 ft / 9.45 m (23.00 ft / 7.01 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Stern:		23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Average freeboard:	28.90 ft / 8.81 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 115.4 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 187.9 %
	Waterplane Area: 44,789 Square feet or 4,161 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 149 lbs/sq ft or 727 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.96
		- Longitudinal: 1.48
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

I made another attempt at the Ger/CS/1905

I greatly struggled with the Ger/CS/1905 to get it to have adequate structural strength, something similar to the specified dimensions, and the 36 knot speed. That was what kept me from easily getting adequate seakeeping ability. I am really starting to get a system down that will produce a ship with adequate strength, stability, and seakeeping ability. Here is the report:

Ger/CS/1905, Germany Scout Cruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1939)

Displacement:
	2,154 t light; 2,222 t standard; 2,327 t normal; 2,410 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	370.80 ft / 370.00 ft x 38.00 ft x 16.00 ft (normal load)
	113.02 m / 112.78 m x 11.58 m  x 4.88 m

Armament:
      5 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 160 lbs / 73 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 250
	4 - 18.0" / 457.2 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	2.00" / 51 mm	160.00 ft / 48.77 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 67 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Conning tower: 2.00" / 51 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 65,127 shp / 48,584 Kw = 36.00 kts
	Range 3,200nm at 12.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 188 tons

Complement:
	166 - 217

Cost:
	£0.280 million / $1.120 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 20 tons, 0.9 %
	Armour: 189 tons, 8.1 %
	   - Belts: 171 tons, 7.3 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	   - Armament: 11 tons, 0.5 %
	   - Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	   - Conning Tower: 8 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 1,342 tons, 57.7 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 603 tons, 25.9 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 173 tons, 7.4 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  466 lbs / 211 Kg = 14.6 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.38
	Metacentric height 2.1 ft / 0.6 m
	Roll period: 11.1 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.19
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.362
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.74 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 19.24 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 68 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 56
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Forecastle (30 %):	21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	   - Mid (30 %):		21.00 ft / 6.40 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Stern:		14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Average freeboard:	16.34 ft / 4.98 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 193.0 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 117.4 %
	Waterplane Area: 8,534 Square feet or 793 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 60 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 34 lbs/sq ft or 168 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.44
		- Longitudinal: 2.04
		- Overall: 0.51
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

If you allow for higher output machinery, the GB/CB/1905 is a supership

I adjusted the machinery date in Springsharp, so as to get a higher SHP/ton reading, and with that, the GB/CB/1905 works really well. I was actually able to add armor, and go with my revised speed of 33 knots. Frank Fox's advice was to have more and smaller caliber guns. David K. Brown had a similar comment, as well as suggesting that the belt be increased to 6in. I have posted on this subject before, but this is the first time that I have achieved a satisfactory design (essentially by cheating on power, but not unreasonably: 26.84 SHP/ton).

GB/CB/1905, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1916)

Displacement:
	22,071 t light; 22,832 t standard; 25,295 t normal; 27,267 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	770.00 ft / 770.00 ft x 85.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
	234.70 m / 234.70 m x 25.91 m  x 8.23 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1905 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, majority aft, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 4,428 lbs / 2,009 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 100

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	4.00" / 102 mm	510.00 ft / 155.45 m	21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.50" / 38 mm	510.00 ft / 155.45 m	25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	5.00" / 127 mm		8.00" / 203 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm, Conning tower: 9.00" / 229 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 154,764 shp / 115,454 Kw = 33.00 kts
	Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 4,435 tons

Complement:
	1,002 - 1,303

Cost:
	£2.045 million / $8.179 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 554 tons, 2.2 %
	Armour: 5,629 tons, 22.3 %
	   - Belts: 1,793 tons, 7.1 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 708 tons, 2.8 %
	   - Armament: 943 tons, 3.7 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,019 tons, 8.0 %
	   - Conning Tower: 167 tons, 0.7 %
	Machinery: 5,766 tons, 22.8 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,122 tons, 40.0 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,225 tons, 12.7 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  31,134 lbs / 14,122 Kg = 36.0 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 4.1 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
	Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.6 m
	Roll period: 15.8 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.44
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.40

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.501
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.06 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 27.75 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		33.00 ft / 10.06 m
	   - Forecastle (67 %):	30.00 ft / 9.14 m
	   - Mid (67 %):		30.00 ft / 9.14 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Stern:		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Average freeboard:	28.16 ft / 8.58 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 118.8 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 182.5 %
	Waterplane Area: 43,647 Square feet or 4,055 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 146 lbs/sq ft or 713 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.97
		- Longitudinal: 1.43
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

My friend Cliff's fast gunboat design: GB/PG/1915

My friend Cliff designed two ships with the same philosophy: flush-decked with superfiring guns. One was a scout cruiser and the other was a fast gunboat (no torpedo tubes). I struggled with Springsharp to ge adequate seakeeping ability, and untimately succeeded. The dimensions are those that Cliff originally planned:

GB/PG/1915, Great Britain Fast Gunboat laid down 1905 (Engine 1933)

Displacement:
	691 t light; 725 t standard; 785 t normal; 833 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	263.00 ft / 260.00 ft x 27.00 ft x 9.50 ft (normal load)
	80.16 m / 79.25 m x 8.23 m  x 2.90 m

Armament:
      4 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 128 lbs / 58 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 250

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 2 shafts, 25,135 shp / 18,750 Kw = 32.00 kts
	Range 3,600nm at 12.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 109 tons

Complement:
	73 - 96

Cost:
	£0.094 million / $0.376 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 16 tons, 2.0 %
	Machinery: 403 tons, 51.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 272 tons, 34.6 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 94 tons, 12.0 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  210 lbs / 95 Kg = 6.6 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.22
	Metacentric height 1.0 ft / 0.3 m
	Roll period: 11.3 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.68
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.02

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.412
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.63 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 16.12 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 53
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		19.00 ft / 5.79 m
	   - Forecastle (20 %):	14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Stern:		14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Average freeboard:	14.40 ft / 4.39 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 182.4 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 159.0 %
	Waterplane Area: 4,353 Square feet or 404 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 49 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 26 lbs/sq ft or 127 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.40
		- Longitudinal: 4.12
		- Overall: 0.50
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My latest attempt at the Ger/CL/1914 design

The Ger/CL/1914 design is essentially a 3rd Class protected cruiser, whose sole protection is a 2in deck. That does some interesting things. For one, hull strength is easier to achieve. My current strategy for increasing hull strength while having a good seakeeping ability is to increase the draft. That will increase the composite strength by some amount. From there, I reduce the displacement to reduce the composite strength back to 1.0. That should increase the seakeeping ability. I keep doing that until I have a seakeeping ability above 1.0 along with adequate composite strength. As you can see, I increased the date on the engine, to get a better SHP/ton of machinery (to 34.32 SHP/ton). Real ships in 1914 actually were better than that. This is an issue with Springsharp that we can hope will be corrected.

Ger/CL/1914, Germany Light Cruiser laid down 1914 (Engine 1933)

Displacement:
	3,820 t light; 3,957 t standard; 4,307 t normal; 4,588 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	437.80 ft / 435.00 ft x 43.00 ft x 20.00 ft (normal load)
	133.44 m / 132.59 m x 13.11 m  x 6.10 m

Armament:
      9 - 5.12" / 130 mm guns in single mounts, 67.03lbs / 30.41kg shells, 1914 Model
	  Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 603 lbs / 274 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 150
	4 - 23.6" / 600.0001 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	2.00" / 51 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 3.00" / 76 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 54,846 shp / 40,915 Kw = 32.00 kts
	Range 4,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 632 tons

Complement:
	265 - 345

Cost:
	£0.536 million / $2.142 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 75 tons, 1.8 %
	Armour: 496 tons, 11.5 %
	   - Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	   - Armament: 52 tons, 1.2 %
	   - Armour Deck: 427 tons, 9.9 %
	   - Conning Tower: 17 tons, 0.4 %
	Machinery: 1,598 tons, 37.1 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,651 tons, 38.3 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 487 tons, 11.3 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  2,605 lbs / 1,182 Kg = 38.9 x 5.1 " / 130 mm shells or 0.7 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
	Metacentric height 1.9 ft / 0.6 m
	Roll period: 13.0 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.42
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.02

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.403
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.12 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 20.86 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Forecastle (32 %):	21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	   - Mid (32 %):		21.00 ft / 6.40 m (13.00 ft / 3.96 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	13.00 ft / 3.96 m
	   - Stern:		13.00 ft / 3.96 m
	   - Average freeboard:	15.82 ft / 4.82 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 133.7 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 87.7 %
	Waterplane Area: 11,534 Square feet or 1,072 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 75 lbs/sq ft or 368 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.92
		- Longitudinal: 2.14
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped

The "Super Lion" design

This is my latest attempt at the "Super Lion" design mentioned in Winston Churchill's The World Crisis, Volume I. Admiral Fisher liked the concept: 10-15 guns and a speed of 30 knots. It was his perfect capital ship for 1912. Of course, it wasn't built, as it was too "edgy", at a time when the decision makers were conservatives if not reactionaries.

Super Lion, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1912

Displacement:
	35,421 t light; 37,173 t standard; 41,040 t normal; 44,133 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	750.00 ft / 750.00 ft x 95.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
	228.60 m / 228.60 m x 28.96 m  x 9.75 m

Armament:
      10 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (5x2 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1912 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      14 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1912 Model
	  Quick firing guns in casemate mounts 
	  on side, evenly spread
	  14 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
	Weight of broadside 18,387 lbs / 8,340 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	560.00 ft / 170.69 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	Ends:	4.00" / 102 mm	190.00 ft / 57.91 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m
	  Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.50" / 38 mm	560.00 ft / 170.69 m	28.00 ft / 8.53 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	6.00" / 152 mm		9.00" / 229 mm
	2nd:	4.00" / 102 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 154,565 shp / 115,305 Kw = 30.00 kts
	Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 6,960 tons

Complement:
	1,441 - 1,874

Cost:
	£4.033 million / $16.133 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 2,298 tons, 5.6 %
	Armour: 11,390 tons, 27.8 %
	   - Belts: 4,056 tons, 9.9 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 870 tons, 2.1 %
	   - Armament: 3,310 tons, 8.1 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,974 tons, 7.2 %
	   - Conning Tower: 179 tons, 0.4 %
	Machinery: 6,163 tons, 15.0 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,569 tons, 37.9 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,619 tons, 13.7 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  39,456 lbs / 17,897 Kg = 23.4 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 5.0 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.01
	Metacentric height 4.7 ft / 1.4 m
	Roll period: 18.4 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.98
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.630
	Length to Beam Ratio: 7.89 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 27.39 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		31.00 ft / 9.45 m
	   - Forecastle (67 %):	29.00 ft / 8.84 m
	   - Mid (67 %):		29.00 ft / 8.84 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Stern:		20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Average freeboard:	26.57 ft / 8.10 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 114.8 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 141.7 %
	Waterplane Area: 53,585 Square feet or 4,978 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 97 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 195 lbs/sq ft or 951 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.96
		- Longitudinal: 1.31
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Another shot at the Jap/CL/1933 design

I thought I would try the new trick (moving the date forward for machinery) for the 1933 Japanese light cruiser. It is very "edgy" with 9-16cm guns (6.3in) and 37 knots with a 12,000nm range. I still had to give it an unnaturally deep draft, to get sufficient hull strength and seakeeping ability.

Jap/CL/1933, Japan Light Cruiser laid down 1933 (Engine 1945)

Displacement:
	14,141 t light; 14,672 t standard; 16,251 t normal; 17,514 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	672.08 ft / 669.00 ft x 65.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
	204.85 m / 203.91 m x 19.81 m  x 9.14 m

Armament:
      9 - 6.30" / 160 mm guns (3x3 guns), 124.98lbs / 56.69kg shells, 1933 Model
	  Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (6x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1933 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
      36 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm guns (12x3 guns), 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 1933 Model
	  Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts 
	  on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 1,892 lbs / 858 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 180
	8 - 24.0" / 609.6 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	3.00" / 76 mm	510.00 ft / 155.45 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 117 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.00" / 25 mm	510.00 ft / 155.45 m	21.00 ft / 6.40 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	5.00" / 127 mm	3.00" / 76 mm		3.00" / 76 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	1.00" / 25 mm		1.00" / 25 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 5.00" / 127 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 189,502 shp / 141,369 Kw = 37.00 kts
	Range 12,000nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 2,842 tons

Complement:
	719 - 935

Cost:
	£6.446 million / $25.784 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 236 tons, 1.5 %
	Armour: 3,080 tons, 19.0 %
	   - Belts: 742 tons, 4.6 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 396 tons, 2.4 %
	   - Armament: 350 tons, 2.2 %
	   - Armour Deck: 1,522 tons, 9.4 %
	   - Conning Tower: 69 tons, 0.4 %
	Machinery: 4,785 tons, 29.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,039 tons, 37.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,110 tons, 13.0 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  15,394 lbs / 6,983 Kg = 123.2 x 6.3 " / 160 mm shells or 2.0 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
	Metacentric height 3.3 ft / 1.0 m
	Roll period: 15.1 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.45
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.436
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.29 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 25.87 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 54
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		31.00 ft / 9.45 m
	   - Forecastle (20 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Stern:		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Average freeboard:	22.72 ft / 6.93 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 155.1 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 133.4 %
	Waterplane Area: 27,431 Square feet or 2,548 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 120 lbs/sq ft or 588 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.94
		- Longitudinal: 1.73
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The original "Super Swift" design

I had to do bad things with the date that the machinery was built (to get a high enough power out per ton of weight), but I was able to pull off the Super Swift design mentioned in Volume I of Churchill's book The World Crisis. He described to Admiral Fisher two designs which caught Fisher's imagination: the Super Lion andthe Super Swift. I decided to try the Super Swift, as originally specified (6-4in guns and 37 knots, with no armor). Fisher wrote about the Super Lion, the Super Swift, the submarine, and aviation as being the future. The Super Swift was needed to be the eyes for the submarine. Anything else was a waste, in his view. I suspect that even with the late machinery date, Springsharp expects too much machinery volume for the SHP/ton achieved (48.58 SHP/ton).

Super Swift, Great Britain Scout cruiser laid down 1912 (Engine 1945)

Displacement:
Super Swift, Great Britain Scout cruiser laid down 1912 (Engine 1945)

Displacement:
	2,628 t light; 2,710 t standard; 2,822 t normal; 2,913 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	370.84 ft / 370.00 ft x 36.00 ft x 18.00 ft (normal load)
	113.03 m / 112.78 m x 10.97 m  x 5.49 m

Armament:
      6 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1912 Model
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 192 lbs / 87 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 240
	4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 85,501 shp / 63,784 Kw = 37.00 kts
	Range 3,200nm at 12.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 203 tons

Complement:
	193 - 251

Cost:
	£0.359 million / $1.434 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 24 tons, 0.9 %
	Machinery: 1,760 tons, 62.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 843 tons, 29.9 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 195 tons, 6.9 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  557 lbs / 253 Kg = 17.4 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.33
	Metacentric height 1.8 ft / 0.5 m
	Roll period: 11.3 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 61 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.33
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	Block coefficient: 0.412
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.28 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 19.24 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 71 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 58
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		24.00 ft / 7.32 m
	   - Forecastle (30 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Stern:		14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Average freeboard:	18.24 ft / 5.56 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 207.9 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 109.3 %
	Waterplane Area: 8,260 Square feet or 767 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 63 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 41 lbs/sq ft or 202 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.50
		- Longitudinal: 3.67
		- Overall: 0.61
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is extremely poor
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

A very fast Japanese Light Cruiser: Jap/CL/1933

16cm (6.3in) guns were a good pre-dreadnought caliber. I thought it would appropriate for a light cruiser. The original design for the Mogami class wanted 37 knots, so I thought that speed would be appropriate for this ship. The main thing wrong is that the power to weight for the machinery is too low (34.32 SHP/ton), so I had to distort the design to get both sufficient strenght and seakeeping ability.

Jap/CL/1933, Japan Light Cruiser laid down 1933

Displacement:
	15,051 t light; 15,594 t standard; 16,871 t normal; 17,892 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	672.08 ft / 669.00 ft x 63.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
	204.85 m / 203.91 m x 19.20 m  x 9.14 m

Armament:
      9 - 6.30" / 160 mm guns (3x3 guns), 124.98lbs / 56.69kg shells, 1933 Model
	  Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (6x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1933 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts - superfiring
      33 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm guns (11x3 guns), 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 1933 Model
	  Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts 
	  on side ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 1,891 lbs / 858 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 180
	8 - 24.0" / 609.6 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	3.00" / 76 mm	435.00 ft / 132.59 m	16.00 ft / 4.88 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.00" / 25 mm	435.00 ft / 132.59 m	19.00 ft / 5.79 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	4.00" / 102 mm	3.00" / 76 mm		3.00" / 76 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	1.00" / 25 mm		1.00" / 25 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 196,114 shp / 146,301 Kw = 37.00 kts
	Range 8,400nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 2,298 tons

Complement:
	739 - 962

Cost:
	£7.210 million / $28.842 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 236 tons, 1.4 %
	Armour: 3,079 tons, 18.3 %
	   - Belts: 863 tons, 5.1 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 306 tons, 1.8 %
	   - Armament: 340 tons, 2.0 %
	   - Armour Deck: 1,514 tons, 9.0 %
	   - Conning Tower: 57 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 5,714 tons, 33.9 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,021 tons, 35.7 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,820 tons, 10.8 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  12,285 lbs / 5,572 Kg = 98.3 x 6.3 " / 160 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
	Metacentric height 3.1 ft / 0.9 m
	Roll period: 15.0 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.49
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.467
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.62 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 25.87 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 55
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		31.00 ft / 9.45 m
	   - Forecastle (20 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Stern:		22.00 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Average freeboard:	22.72 ft / 6.93 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 177.4 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 128.2 %
	Waterplane Area: 27,271 Square feet or 2,534 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 118 lbs/sq ft or 578 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.95
		- Longitudinal: 1.69
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The Ger/CL/1927 design

I have a 1927 design for the Germans, and it works quite nicely, except for the size. Again, the SHP/ton is the problem.

Ger/CL/1927, Germany Light Cruiser laid down 1927

Displacement:
	8,667 t light; 8,983 t standard; 9,937 t normal; 10,701 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	590.94 ft / 590.00 ft x 58.00 ft x 22.00 ft (normal load)
	180.12 m / 179.83 m x 17.68 m  x 6.71 m

Armament:
      9 - 5.91" / 150 mm guns (3x3 guns), 102.98lbs / 46.71kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      10 - 4.13" / 105 mm guns (5x2 guns), 35.32lbs / 16.02kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, majority aft, all raised mounts - superfiring
      18 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm guns (9x2 guns), 1.55lbs / 0.70kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts 
	  on side ends, majority forward
	Weight of broadside 1,308 lbs / 593 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 150
	12 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	3.00" / 76 mm	465.00 ft / 141.73 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 121 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.00" / 25 mm	465.00 ft / 141.73 m	16.00 ft / 4.88 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	3.00" / 76 mm	2.00" / 51 mm		3.00" / 76 mm
	2nd:	2.00" / 51 mm	2.00" / 51 mm		2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 3.00" / 76 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 80,944 shp / 60,384 Kw = 33.00 kts
	Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,718 tons

Complement:
	496 - 646

Cost:
	£2.903 million / $11.613 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 163 tons, 1.6 %
	Armour: 2,115 tons, 21.3 %
	   - Belts: 675 tons, 6.8 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 275 tons, 2.8 %
	   - Armament: 288 tons, 2.9 %
	   - Armour Deck: 848 tons, 8.5 %
	   - Conning Tower: 30 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 2,555 tons, 25.7 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,833 tons, 38.6 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,271 tons, 12.8 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  12,066 lbs / 5,473 Kg = 117.2 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 1.9 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.17
	Metacentric height 2.9 ft / 0.9 m
	Roll period: 14.2 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	  and transom stern
	Block coefficient: 0.462
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.17 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 27.81 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		27.00 ft / 8.23 m
	   - Forecastle (30 %):	23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		23.00 ft / 7.01 m (15.00 ft / 4.57 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	15.00 ft / 4.57 m
	   - Stern:		15.00 ft / 4.57 m
	   - Average freeboard:	19.48 ft / 5.94 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 147.5 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 119.5 %
	Waterplane Area: 22,908 Square feet or 2,128 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 116 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 102 lbs/sq ft or 499 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.96
		- Longitudinal: 1.35
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

A very strange, fast Japanese light cruiser: Jap/CL/1927

I wanted a smaller vessel that could make 36 knots, but I got a large ship that could make 35 knots. The problem is the SHP/ton generated by Springsharp. Springsharp gave it 31.68 SHP/ton of machinery weight. Japanese light cruisers built in the early 1920's had much higher output machinery for the weight. The place for the straight word on this is Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. This is the report for my light cruiser:

Jap/CL/1927, Japan Enter ship type laid down 1927

Displacement:
	10,823 t light; 11,185 t standard; 12,040 t normal; 12,724 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	607.05 ft / 605.00 ft x 57.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
	185.03 m / 184.40 m x 17.37 m  x 7.92 m

Armament:
      9 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns (3x3 guns), 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      8 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (4x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
      21 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm guns (7x3 guns), 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 1,259 lbs / 571 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 160
	8 - 24.0" / 609.6 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	3.00" / 76 mm	480.00 ft / 146.30 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 122 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.00" / 25 mm	480.00 ft / 146.30 m	17.00 ft / 5.18 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	4.00" / 102 mm	3.00" / 76 mm		3.00" / 76 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 132,495 shp / 98,841 Kw = 35.00 kts
	Range 6,500nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,539 tons

Complement:
	574 - 747

Cost:
	£3.987 million / $15.949 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 157 tons, 1.3 %
	Armour: 2,126 tons, 17.7 %
	   - Belts: 695 tons, 5.8 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 302 tons, 2.5 %
	   - Armament: 256 tons, 2.1 %
	   - Armour Deck: 828 tons, 6.9 %
	   - Conning Tower: 45 tons, 0.4 %
	Machinery: 4,182 tons, 34.7 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,357 tons, 36.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,218 tons, 10.1 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  8,845 lbs / 4,012 Kg = 106.3 x 5.5 " / 140 mm shells or 1.3 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
	Metacentric height 2.9 ft / 0.9 m
	Roll period: 14.2 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.42
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.470
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.61 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 24.60 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 51
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		30.00 ft / 9.14 m
	   - Forecastle (20 %):	20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Stern:		20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Average freeboard:	20.80 ft / 6.34 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 189.4 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 117.5 %
	Waterplane Area: 22,371 Square feet or 2,078 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 105 lbs/sq ft or 513 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.94
		- Longitudinal: 1.65
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

Another run at a Japanese Heavy Cruiser: Jap/CA/1921b1

I have another, rather unsatisfactory, Japanese heavy cruiser design: Jap/CA/1927b1. I like the 9.4in gun and wanted at least a 35 knot speed. What I got was another ship that was too large (I'm working in an environment where I have blown off the Washington Naval Treat limitations):

Jap/CA/9127b1, Japan Heavy Cruiser laid down 1927

Displacement:
	17,158 t light; 17,937 t standard; 19,511 t normal; 20,770 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	724.08 ft / 721.00 ft x 71.00 ft x 29.00 ft (normal load)
	220.70 m / 219.76 m x 21.64 m  x 8.84 m

Armament:
      9 - 9.40" / 239 mm guns (3 mounts), 415.29lbs / 188.37kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, 8 raised guns - superfiring
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (6x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
      33 - 0.98" / 25.0 mm guns (11x3 guns), 0.48lbs / 0.22kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts 
	  on side ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
	Weight of broadside 4,503 lbs / 2,043 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 150
	12 - 24.0" / 609.6 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	3.00" / 76 mm	520.00 ft / 158.50 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 111 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.00" / 25 mm	520.00 ft / 158.50 m	24.00 ft / 7.32 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	5.00" / 127 mm	3.00" / 76 mm		3.00" / 76 mm
	2nd:	1.00" / 25 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 165,668 shp / 123,588 Kw = 35.00 kts
	Range 9,000nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 2,833 tons

Complement:
	825 - 1,073

Cost:
	£6.565 million / $26.262 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 563 tons, 2.9 %
	Armour: 3,619 tons, 18.5 %
	   - Belts: 765 tons, 3.9 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 462 tons, 2.4 %
	   - Armament: 503 tons, 2.6 %
	   - Armour Deck: 1,827 tons, 9.4 %
	   - Conning Tower: 62 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 5,229 tons, 26.8 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,747 tons, 39.7 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,353 tons, 12.1 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  17,302 lbs / 7,848 Kg = 41.7 x 9.4 " / 239 mm shells or 2.2 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
	Metacentric height 3.7 ft / 1.1 m
	Roll period: 15.5 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.72
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.02

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	Block coefficient: 0.460
	Length to Beam Ratio: 10.15 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 26.85 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 53
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		31.00 ft / 9.45 m
	   - Forecastle (20 %):	21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	   - Stern:		21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	   - Average freeboard:	21.80 ft / 6.64 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 152.3 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 126.0 %
	Waterplane Area: 32,926 Square feet or 3,059 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 141 lbs/sq ft or 686 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.96
		- Longitudinal: 1.33
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent