GB/CS/1914, Great Britain Scout Cruiser laid down 1914 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
2,801 t light; 2,901 t standard; 3,200 t normal; 3,439 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
408.47 ft / 405.00 ft x 41.00 ft x 15.00 ft (normal load)
124.50 m / 123.44 m x 12.50 m x 4.57 m
Armament:
4 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1914 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 432 lbs / 196 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 48,338 shp / 36,060 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 4,850nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 538 tons
Complement:
212 - 276
Cost:
£0.421 million / $1.685 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 54 tons, 1.7 %
Machinery: 1,340 tons, 41.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,407 tons, 44.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 399 tons, 12.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
2,080 lbs / 944 Kg = 19.3 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.30
Metacentric height 2.1 ft / 0.6 m
Roll period: 11.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.450
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.88 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 20.12 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 64 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Mid (50 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Stern: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Average freeboard: 16.40 ft / 5.00 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 148.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 127.0 %
Waterplane Area: 10,589 Square feet or 984 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 71 lbs/sq ft or 347 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.90
- Longitudinal: 2.57
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, August 19, 2005
A new attempt at the GB/CS/1914 scout cruiser design
I took a fresh look at my friend Cliff's GB/CS/1914 scout cruiser design, and was able to obtain a good result from Springsharp. Of course, that requires lightweight machinery. I also had to increase freeboard and draft to achieve adequate seakeeping, as well as hull strength. The result is pretty satisfactory. This is an unarmored cruiser, of course. It is a fast version of the Amphion class, with superfiring guns and a flush deck. This is the Springsharp report:
Thursday, August 18, 2005
An expansive version of the Ger/BB/1907 design
My version of the Ger/BB/1907 design that is "pushing the envelople" must have dated from 1973. I was trying to get the most performance out of designs, while in 1971, I was keeping more to moderate speeds and machinery weight. This version depends very much on lightweight machinery:
Ger/BB/1907, Germany Battleship laid down 1907 (Engine 1937)
Displacement:
24,922 t light; 25,800 t standard; 27,500 t normal; 28,860 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
620.00 ft / 620.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
188.98 m / 188.98 m x 32.00 m x 7.92 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1907 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1907 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 360.00 ft / 109.73 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 360.00 ft / 109.73 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 11.0" / 279 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 138,274 shp / 103,152 Kw = 30.20 kts
Range 4,700nm at 18.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,060 tons
Complement:
1,067 - 1,388
Cost:
£2.175 million / $8.700 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 912 tons, 3.3 %
Armour: 8,798 tons, 32.0 %
- Belts: 2,872 tons, 10.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 666 tons, 2.4 %
- Armament: 2,438 tons, 8.9 %
- Armour Deck: 2,566 tons, 9.3 %
- Conning Tower: 255 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 3,832 tons, 13.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 11,380 tons, 41.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,578 tons, 9.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
49,807 lbs / 22,592 Kg = 57.6 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 7.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.14
Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
Roll period: 16.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.38
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.569
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.90 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.90 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Mid (67 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Stern: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Average freeboard: 28.24 ft / 8.61 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 87.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 238.5 %
Waterplane Area: 46,235 Square feet or 4,295 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 116 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 175 lbs/sq ft or 854 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.11
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Tuesday, August 16, 2005
A more expansive view of the Ger/BB/1905 design
In the summer of 1973, I had experimented with the Ger/BB/1905 design to see what might be achieved by using lighter machinery. The dimesions for this design are 580ft x 90ft x 26.6ft. The standard displacement is 22,000 tons. I apparently expected to use a 23,500 tons for normal load. The armament is 8-12in/45 and 12-4in QF guns. The armor basis was 11in. I had expected to obtain 26.5 knots with 95,400 SHP, but with 87,096 SHP, 27.5 knots can be achieved. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1905, Germany Battleship laid down 1905 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
20,893 t light; 21,692 t standard; 23,500 t normal; 24,947 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
580.00 ft / 580.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 26.60 ft (normal load)
176.78 m / 176.78 m x 27.43 m x 8.11 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 385.00 ft / 117.35 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 195.00 ft / 59.44 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 385.00 ft / 117.35 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 11.0" / 279 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 11.00" / 279 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 87,096 shp / 64,974 Kw = 27.50 kts
Range 8,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,255 tons
Complement:
948 - 1,233
Cost:
£1.882 million / $7.529 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 912 tons, 3.9 %
Armour: 8,176 tons, 34.8 %
- Belts: 3,141 tons, 13.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 534 tons, 2.3 %
- Armament: 2,202 tons, 9.4 %
- Armour Deck: 2,104 tons, 9.0 %
- Conning Tower: 194 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 2,749 tons, 11.7 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,056 tons, 38.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,607 tons, 11.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
39,461 lbs / 17,899 Kg = 45.7 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 6.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
Metacentric height 4.9 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 17.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 57 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.15
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.592
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.44 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (68 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 25.52 ft / 7.78 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 86.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 197.3 %
Waterplane Area: 37,906 Square feet or 3,522 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 163 lbs/sq ft or 795 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 1.97
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Monday, August 15, 2005
The compact version of a Ger/BB/1915
This is the compact version of the Ger/BB/1915 design study. It is not an extreme design, however. This is 755ft x 110ft x 32ft, with a nominal standard displacement of 45,000 tons. The armament is 9-16.5in and 10-6in QF guns. I was not able to put as much armor into the design as I had originally anticipated. I allowed for 120,000 SHP, but underestimated what speed could be achieved with that. The planned SHP/ton was 30. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915 Compact Version, Germany Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
42,259 t light; 44,143 t standard; 46,500 t normal; 48,385 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
756.57 ft / 755.00 ft x 110.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
230.60 m / 230.12 m x 33.53 m x 9.75 m
Armament:
9 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
10 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 21,295 lbs / 9,659 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 16.5" / 419 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 410.00 ft / 124.97 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.5" / 419 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 16.5" / 419 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm - -
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 119,805 shp / 89,375 Kw = 27.50 kts
Range 6,700nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 4,242 tons
Complement:
1,583 - 2,058
Cost:
£6.174 million / $24.695 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,662 tons, 5.7 %
Armour: 16,866 tons, 36.3 %
- Belts: 4,897 tons, 10.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,365 tons, 2.9 %
- Armament: 4,475 tons, 9.6 %
- Armour Deck: 5,684 tons, 12.2 %
- Conning Tower: 446 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 3,782 tons, 8.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 18,949 tons, 40.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,241 tons, 9.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
68,155 lbs / 30,915 Kg = 30.3 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 10.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.07
Metacentric height 6.6 ft / 2.0 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.80
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.28
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.612
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.86 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27.48 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (64 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 25.28 ft / 7.71 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 84.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 187.9 %
Waterplane Area: 61,448 Square feet or 5,709 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 102 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 222 lbs/sq ft or 1,082 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.52
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Sunday, August 14, 2005
The alternative Ger/BB/1915 Design Study
Another alternative design study was for a Ger/BB/1915 battleship. This was 841ft x 120ft x 31.9ft. The intended standard displacement was 50,000 tons. That turns out to be rather low, as more displacement was needed to allow for adequate hull strength. The armament was 12-16 and 12-6in guns. I only had the planned weights, so I adjusted the protection to match. I scaled off the pencil drawing, which resembles that for the Ger/BB/1915-1916 design. I had expected that 170,000 SHP would be needed for 27.5 knots, but I was able to achieve 29.5 knots for slightly less power. I adjusted the machinery date to obtain the desired machinery weight. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915 Design Study, Germany Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
51,332 t light; 53,622 t standard; 56,500 t normal; 58,803 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
842.57 ft / 841.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 31.90 ft (normal load)
256.82 m / 256.34 m x 36.58 m x 9.72 m
Armament:
12 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (4x3 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 25,872 lbs / 11,735 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 80 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 435.00 ft / 132.59 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 16.0" / 406 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm - -
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 172,046 shp / 128,346 Kw = 29.50 kts
Range 7,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 5,181 tons
Complement:
1,832 - 2,382
Cost:
£7.671 million / $30.682 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,234 tons, 5.7 %
Armour: 19,061 tons, 33.7 %
- Belts: 5,080 tons, 9.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 934 tons, 1.7 %
- Armament: 5,621 tons, 9.9 %
- Armour Deck: 6,919 tons, 12.2 %
- Conning Tower: 508 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 5,431 tons, 9.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 23,606 tons, 41.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,168 tons, 9.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
77,793 lbs / 35,286 Kg = 38.0 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 11.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.67
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.11
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.614
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.01 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.40 ft / 7.74 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 88.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 194.4 %
Waterplane Area: 74,799 Square feet or 6,949 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 101 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 235 lbs/sq ft or 1,147 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.98
- Longitudinal: 1.21
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
A quick photo of the Ger/BB/1915-1916 design study ship
This is a quick attempt at a photo for the Ger/BB/1915-1916 battleship design study:
Saturday, August 13, 2005
I assume that my Ger/BB/1915-1916 design study is larger than anticipated
I have several pages devoted to the "Ger/BB/15-16" (Ger/BB/1915-1916) design study. Of course, on these pages, the critical information is lacking. Therefore, I made up the missing specifications. I have an inboard profile that seems to have 12-18in and 16-6in guns. The vessel is 915ft long. The citadel is 500 ft long. On the next page, there is a cross section with armor indicated. There actually are two decks: the upper being 6.5in and the lower, sitting on the belt, is 5in. The A/T bulkhead is 3.5in. The belt is 18in. There is a triple bottom, and the hold is divided into thirds, longitudinally. The draft is only 32ft. To make this work, I had to go with a large displacement and had to increase freeboard and draft. This is the resulting Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915-1916, Germany Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1931)
Displacement:
83,132 t light; 86,833 t standard; 92,500 t normal; 97,034 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
916.83 ft / 915.00 ft x 130.00 ft x 35.00 ft (normal load)
279.45 m / 278.89 m x 39.62 m x 10.67 m
Armament:
12 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (4x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (8x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 36,720 lbs / 16,656 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.50" / 89 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
- Armour deck: 11.50" / 292 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 225,247 shp / 168,034 Kw = 29.00 kts
Range 10,900nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 10,201 tons
Complement:
2,651 - 3,447
Cost:
£11.212 million / $44.848 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 4,590 tons, 5.0 %
Armour: 39,390 tons, 42.6 %
- Belts: 6,527 tons, 7.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 2,007 tons, 2.2 %
- Armament: 8,360 tons, 9.0 %
- Armour Deck: 21,703 tons, 23.5 %
- Conning Tower: 793 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 6,736 tons, 7.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 32,417 tons, 35.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 9,368 tons, 10.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
145,383 lbs / 65,945 Kg = 49.9 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 24.6 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 9.2 ft / 2.8 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.65
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.12
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.778
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.04 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 30.25 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 35.00 ft / 10.67 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Mid (50 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Stern: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Average freeboard: 26.72 ft / 8.14 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 72.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 190.6 %
Waterplane Area: 102,011 Square feet or 9,477 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 103 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 244 lbs/sq ft or 1,190 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 1.00
- Longitudinal: 1.07
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
A design study for a compact German battleship
I have a pencil sketch for a compact battleship, with the notation that the full load displacement was 30,000 tons. The two turrets, situated forward, one superfiring, seem to have 16.5in guns, from the size. The layout and length are clearly defined. I estimated the other specifications, and found that the basic concept was sound, as I was easily able to get the Springsharp design to work. it does require lightweight machinery. This is the report:
Ger/BB/1915 Design Study, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1915 (Engine 1931)
Displacement:
28,012 t light; 29,224 t standard; 30,000 t normal; 30,621 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
620.94 ft / 620.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 30.00 ft (normal load)
189.26 m / 188.98 m x 32.00 m x 9.14 m
Armament:
6 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 14,476 lbs / 6,566 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 75
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 9.00" / 229 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 48,081 shp / 35,869 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,397 tons
Complement:
1,139 - 1,481
Cost:
£3.930 million / $15.719 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,810 tons, 6.0 %
Armour: 11,171 tons, 37.2 %
- Belts: 3,714 tons, 12.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,132 tons, 3.8 %
- Armament: 2,710 tons, 9.0 %
- Armour Deck: 3,323 tons, 11.1 %
- Conning Tower: 291 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 1,438 tons, 4.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,594 tons, 45.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,988 tons, 6.6 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
52,047 lbs / 23,608 Kg = 23.2 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 10.0 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.04
Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 18.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 91 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.97
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.82
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.538
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.90 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.90 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.16 ft / 7.67 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 74.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 187.8 %
Waterplane Area: 44,910 Square feet or 4,172 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 213 lbs/sq ft or 1,042 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.90
- Longitudinal: 2.53
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Friday, August 12, 2005
My latest attempt at the Ger/CDV/1915 design
The Ger/CDV/1915 design really works well in Springsharp, when I pay attention to the weights that I wanted in 1971 (or so). I am guessing that the guns were 6-15in, but the weights match so well that I am sure that it is correct. This design was trying to be the 1915 analog to the 1880's and 1890's coast defense battleships (or third class battleships). This is the specification from 1971:
Ger/CDV/1915 Cost = £ 1,540,000 Displacement: 17,100 tons Full Load Displacement: 19,600 tons 450ft x 90ft x 15ft Cp=0.61 Cm=0.97 Hull weight=0.30 x 450ft x 90ft x 37ft (hull depth) 25,000 SHP, at 27 SHP/ton Weights: Hull: 6,000 tons Armament: 1,332 tons Misc: 1,370 tons Prot: 7,473 tons Mach: 925 tons Fuel: 1,500 tons Feedwater: 1,000 tonsThis is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CDV/1915, Germany Coast Defense Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
16,952 t light; 17,788 t standard; 18,600 t normal; 19,249 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
459.00 ft / 459.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 25.00 ft (normal load)
139.90 m / 139.90 m x 27.43 m x 7.62 m
Armament:
6 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (2x3 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 10,989 lbs / 4,985 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 75
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 250.00 ft / 76.20 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 250.00 ft / 76.20 m 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 13.0" / 330 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 5.00" / 127 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 29,419 shp / 21,946 Kw = 21.00 kts
Range 3,750nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,461 tons
Complement:
796 - 1,035
Cost:
£2.730 million / $10.922 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,374 tons, 7.4 %
Armour: 7,473 tons, 40.2 %
- Belts: 2,466 tons, 13.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 444 tons, 2.4 %
- Armament: 1,506 tons, 8.1 %
- Armour Deck: 2,875 tons, 15.5 %
- Conning Tower: 181 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 929 tons, 5.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,177 tons, 38.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,648 tons, 8.9 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
24,443 lbs / 11,087 Kg = 14.5 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 4.7 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
Metacentric height 5.6 ft / 1.7 m
Roll period: 15.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.49
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.630
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.10 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21.42 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (48 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m (12.00 ft / 3.66 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Stern: 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Average freeboard: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91.3 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 114.9 %
Waterplane Area: 31,079 Square feet or 2,887 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 92 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 176 lbs/sq ft or 860 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.03
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate
Reducing the maximum speed to 30 knots improves the design
Reducing the maximum speed to 30 knots helps the design that I had just presented. I was able to increase the protection to an 8in belt and increase the range to 5,200 nm. Admittedly, the Germans never adopted the "all-or-nothing" protection scheme, but it had already been invented by 1915. You just have to allow for high-power machinery. The main armament 8-15in guns is in twin-superfiring turrets. The secondary armament of 12-6in guns is in shields on the forecastle deck. This is the revised Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1915 Design Study, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1945)
Displacement:
24,103 t light; 25,132 t standard; 26,250 t normal; 27,144 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
700.00 ft / 700.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 26.50 ft (normal load)
213.36 m / 213.36 m x 27.43 m x 8.08 m
Armament:
8 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
Main guns limited to end-on fire
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 11,138 lbs / 5,052 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 117,273 shp / 87,486 Kw = 30.00 kts
Range 5,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,012 tons
Complement:
1,030 - 1,340
Cost:
£3.531 million / $14.124 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,392 tons, 5.3 %
Armour: 7,424 tons, 28.3 %
- Belts: 2,667 tons, 10.2 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 851 tons, 3.2 %
- Armament: 1,313 tons, 5.0 %
- Armour Deck: 2,441 tons, 9.3 %
- Conning Tower: 152 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 2,961 tons, 11.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 12,325 tons, 47.0 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,147 tons, 8.2 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
40,780 lbs / 18,497 Kg = 33.1 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 5.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
Metacentric height 4.9 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 17.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.01
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.30
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.550
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.78 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (67 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 26.68 ft / 8.13 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 217.8 %
Waterplane Area: 43,980 Square feet or 4,086 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 187 lbs/sq ft or 914 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.93
- Longitudinal: 1.83
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Thursday, August 11, 2005
Another extreme battlecruiser
This is based on a very incomplete specification in my "Red Book". The specification simply reads:
700ft x 90ft x 26.5ft Displacement=24,180ton (I believe that his is standard) Longitudinal coefficient=0.55 Midship coefficient=0.92 Hull weigbht=9,270 tons Power=120,000 SHPImmediately preceding this specification is a page with two designs listed, the German BB with 12-16in guns and 21-22knots speed, and a battlecruiser with 8-15in guns and 28-30 knot speed. My first reaction was to turn this into a light battlecruiser, but I thought better of it, and went with a ship with 8-15in guns and at least 31knot speed. What I produced is only possible with extremely light machinery. This is the resulting Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1915 Design Study, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
24,271 t light; 25,301 t standard; 26,250 t normal; 27,009 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
700.00 ft / 700.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 26.50 ft (normal load)
213.36 m / 213.36 m x 27.43 m x 8.08 m
Armament:
8 - 13.50" / 343 mm guns (2x4 guns), 1,230.19lbs / 558.00kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all amidships
Weight of broadside 11,138 lbs / 5,052 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 460.00 ft / 140.21 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 152,112 shp / 113,475 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 4,500nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,709 tons
Complement:
1,030 - 1,340
Cost:
£3.678 million / $14.711 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,392 tons, 5.3 %
Armour: 6,757 tons, 25.7 %
- Belts: 2,001 tons, 7.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 851 tons, 3.2 %
- Armament: 1,313 tons, 5.0 %
- Armour Deck: 2,441 tons, 9.3 %
- Conning Tower: 152 tons, 0.6 %
Machinery: 3,639 tons, 13.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 12,483 tons, 47.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,979 tons, 7.5 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
36,923 lbs / 16,748 Kg = 30.0 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 5.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
Metacentric height 5.0 ft / 1.5 m
Roll period: 16.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.94
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.10
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.550
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.78 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.46 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (67 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m (21.00 ft / 6.40 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Stern: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Average freeboard: 26.68 ft / 8.13 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 108.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 217.8 %
Waterplane Area: 43,980 Square feet or 4,086 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 190 lbs/sq ft or 925 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.94
- Longitudinal: 1.82
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Wednesday, August 10, 2005
This German battleship design study almost ended up as a CDV
In order to make my design for a German battleship, circa 1915 (although it looks more modern), I had to reduce freeboard and range. I was starting to think that to achieve the desired protection, it was turning into a low freeboard coast defense battleship. It is short and wide, so it qualifies in that regard. This is the Springsharp report that shows what I had to do to achieve sufficient stability and hull strength:
Ger/BB/1915 Design Study, Germany Battleship laid down 1915
Displacement:
44,889 t light; 47,018 t standard; 48,500 t normal; 49,686 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
680.98 ft / 680.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 33.00 ft (normal load)
207.56 m / 207.26 m x 36.58 m x 10.06 m
Armament:
12 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (4x3 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (12 mounts), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 12 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 25,826 lbs / 11,714 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 380.00 ft / 115.82 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 86 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 380.00 ft / 115.82 m 31.00 ft / 9.45 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 18.0" / 457 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 8.00" / 203 mm, Conning tower: 18.00" / 457 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 46,317 shp / 34,553 Kw = 21.00 kts
Range 4,900nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,668 tons
Complement:
1,633 - 2,124
Cost:
£6.587 million / $26.347 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3,228 tons, 6.7 %
Armour: 21,697 tons, 44.7 %
- Belts: 5,383 tons, 11.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,308 tons, 2.7 %
- Armament: 5,405 tons, 11.1 %
- Armour Deck: 9,086 tons, 18.7 %
- Conning Tower: 516 tons, 1.1 %
Machinery: 1,754 tons, 3.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 18,208 tons, 37.5 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,611 tons, 7.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
67,145 lbs / 30,456 Kg = 32.8 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 12.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
Metacentric height 7.4 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 18.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.25
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.630
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.67 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 26.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Mid (50 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 18.80 ft / 5.73 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 73.8 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 128.9 %
Waterplane Area: 61,391 Square feet or 5,703 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 231 lbs/sq ft or 1,128 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.38
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Tuesday, August 09, 2005
My early attempts at fuel consumption calculations
In the early 1970's, I had attempted to make fuel consumption and range calculations for the British ships that my friend Cliff had designed. It was based on a fuel consumption figure per SHP.
Power
Type Name SHP Speed Fuel Range/endurance in hours
GB/CB/1905 Essex Max 112,000 33 knots 4500 tons 1980nm 60 hours
Cruise 35,000 22 knots 9230nm 192 hours
GB/BB/1906 Britannia Max 42,000 24 knots 3700 tons 3210nm 134 hours
Cruise 32,000 20 knots 3460nm 173 hours
GB/CB/1910 Tiger Max 150,000 33 knots 6000 tons 1980nm 60 hours
Cruise 42,000 22 knots 4680nm 213 hours
Springsharp doesn't provide a mechanism for doing this sort of calculation directly, although my Warship General Design program might be modified to do so.
Monday, August 08, 2005
My "Official" design for the German 1915 destroyer
For the wargame building game, from 1971, my "Official" design for the Ger/DD/1915 destroyer that would be built in the "Emergency War Program", was cleaner and more progressive. It was a ship with a forecastle that was 30% of the length, had two funnels and a squat, streamlined bridge structure. The armament was just 2-4in QF guns, 4-21in TT, and 30 mines. The speed was modest, being only 32 knots. There is the usual question whether the 850 tons displacement was "standard" or "normal". My investigation with Springsharp led me to assume that it was "normal". This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/DD/1915, Germany Destroyer laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
730 t light; 754 t standard; 850 t normal; 927 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
263.73 ft / 260.00 ft x 26.00 ft x 9.50 ft (normal load)
80.39 m / 79.25 m x 7.92 m x 2.90 m
Armament:
2 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 64 lbs / 29 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 180
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 27,259 shp / 20,335 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 3,750nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 174 tons
Complement:
78 - 102
Cost:
£0.135 million / $0.539 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 8 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 431 tons, 50.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 261 tons, 30.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 120 tons, 14.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 30 tons, 3.5 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
240 lbs / 109 Kg = 7.5 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.25
Metacentric height 1.0 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.463
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.12 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 73 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Mid (30 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m (13.00 ft / 3.96 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 14.96 ft / 4.56 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 175.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 87.8 %
Waterplane Area: 4,360 Square feet or 405 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 61 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 23 lbs/sq ft or 114 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.40
- Longitudinal: 4.66
- Overall: 0.51
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
Sunday, August 07, 2005
A German light cruiser design study
I didn't supply a date or designation to a pencil sketch and specifications, but I thought it might date from 1916. It looks very much like a German WWI light cruiser, except that it has three twin 6in gun mounts. The dimensions are specified as 475ft x 48ft x 16.5ft. The armament is 6-6in QF guns and 4-23.6in TT in twin mounts. The standard displacement is 5,400 tons and the specified machinery power is 60,000 SHP. The weights specified originally are:
- Hull: 1663 tons
- Mach: 1500 tons
- Arm: 93 tons
- Prot: 1712 tons
- Misc: 432 tons
Ger/CL/1916 Design Study, Germany Light Cruiser laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
5,322 t light; 5,503 t standard; 5,850 t normal; 6,127 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
477.87 ft / 475.00 ft x 48.00 ft x 16.50 ft (normal load)
145.66 m / 144.78 m x 14.63 m x 5.03 m
Armament:
6 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (3x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, majority aft, 1 raised mount aft - superfiring
Weight of broadside 648 lbs / 294 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 180
4 - 23.6" / 599.44 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 4.00" / 102 mm 190.00 ft / 57.91 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 110 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 4.00" / 102 mm - 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 60,020 shp / 44,775 Kw = 31.00 kts
Range 4,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 624 tons
Complement:
333 - 434
Cost:
£0.745 million / $2.980 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 81 tons, 1.4 %
Armour: 1,659 tons, 28.4 %
- Belts: 780 tons, 13.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 189 tons, 3.2 %
- Armament: 77 tons, 1.3 %
- Armour Deck: 586 tons, 10.0 %
- Conning Tower: 28 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 1,436 tons, 24.5 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,146 tons, 36.7 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 528 tons, 9.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
7,970 lbs / 3,615 Kg = 73.8 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.19
Metacentric height 2.3 ft / 0.7 m
Roll period: 13.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.01
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.544
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.90 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 21.79 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Mid (32 %): 23.00 ft / 7.01 m (15.00 ft / 4.57 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Stern: 15.00 ft / 4.57 m
- Average freeboard: 17.72 ft / 5.40 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 156.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 126.4 %
Waterplane Area: 15,827 Square feet or 1,470 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 80 lbs/sq ft or 390 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.64
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Saturday, August 06, 2005
A new attempt at the Ger/CB/1915A design study
I have this radical battlecruiser design that is titled "Ger/CB/15A" from the early 1970's. I have tried this before, but I had not tried to replicate the weights that I had listed. The dimensions specified were 961ft x 110ft x 31.7ft, with a hull depth of 50ft. The displacment specified was 47,550 tons standard, with 50,000 tons full load. I quickly found the hull weight was inadequate. The normal displacment had to be increased to 53,250 tons for acceptable hull strength. These are the original weights:
Hull: 12,685 tons Machinery: 6,000 tons Aux. Mach.: 1,800 tons Protection: 20,317 tons Armament: 2,148 tons Misc.: 3,600 tons Fuel Oil: 3,000 tons Feed Water: 450 tonsThis is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1915A, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
49,665 t light; 51,396 t standard; 53,250 t normal; 54,733 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
963.24 ft / 961.00 ft x 110.00 ft x 31.70 ft (normal load)
293.59 m / 292.91 m x 33.53 m x 9.66 m
Armament:
6 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,246.06lbs / 1,018.80kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, all amidships, 6 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 14,726 lbs / 6,680 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Main Belt covers 91 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 570.00 ft / 173.74 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 7.00" / 178 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 262,207 shp / 195,606 Kw = 34.00 kts
Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,337 tons
Complement:
1,752 - 2,278
Cost:
£6.055 million / $24.220 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,841 tons, 3.5 %
Armour: 20,309 tons, 38.1 %
- Belts: 4,992 tons, 9.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1,835 tons, 3.4 %
- Armament: 3,507 tons, 6.6 %
- Armour Deck: 9,609 tons, 18.0 %
- Conning Tower: 366 tons, 0.7 %
Machinery: 6,273 tons, 11.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 21,242 tons, 39.9 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,585 tons, 6.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
87,670 lbs / 39,766 Kg = 39.0 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 14.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.15
Metacentric height 7.5 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 16.9 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 58 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.49
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.17
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.556
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.74 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 31.00 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Mid (50 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Stern: 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Average freeboard: 25.56 ft / 7.79 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 78.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 201.7 %
Waterplane Area: 74,202 Square feet or 6,894 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 203 lbs/sq ft or 993 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.99
- Longitudinal: 1.05
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Friday, August 05, 2005
I realize now that most of my old displacements were actually "standard", not "normal": Ger/BB/1905
A note in the "Red Book" clearly states that the Ger/BB/1905 displacement was 22,000 tons standard. I am sure that I have been treating that as the normal displacement. The dimensions are 580ft x 90ft x 26.6ft (normal) . The armament is 8-12in/45 and 12-4in QF guns. The lower belt is 10in and the upper belt is 7in. The ends are 4in, and the belt is not complete. The turrets, barbettes and CT are 11in. The nominal maximum speed is 23 knots. This is my Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1905, Germany Battleship laid down 1905
Displacement:
20,166 t light; 20,969 t standard; 23,750 t normal; 25,975 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
580.00 ft / 580.00 ft x 90.00 ft x 26.60 ft (normal load)
176.78 m / 176.78 m x 27.43 m x 8.11 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 7,296 lbs / 3,309 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 120.00 ft / 36.58 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
70.00 ft / 21.34 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 7.00" / 178 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 11.0" / 279 mm
2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm
- Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 11.00" / 279 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 43,148 shp / 32,188 Kw = 23.00 kts
Range 5,800nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 5,006 tons
Complement:
956 - 1,243
Cost:
£1.930 million / $7.718 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 912 tons, 3.8 %
Armour: 7,539 tons, 31.7 %
- Belts: 2,444 tons, 10.3 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 722 tons, 3.0 %
- Armament: 2,061 tons, 8.7 %
- Armour Deck: 2,116 tons, 8.9 %
- Conning Tower: 196 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 3,269 tons, 13.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,446 tons, 35.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,584 tons, 15.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
34,184 lbs / 15,506 Kg = 39.6 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 5.5 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
Metacentric height 5.4 ft / 1.6 m
Roll period: 16.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 76 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.57
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.52
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.599
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.44 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Mid (67 %): 24.00 ft / 7.32 m (16.00 ft / 4.88 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Stern: 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
- Average freeboard: 21.52 ft / 6.56 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 94.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 165.5 %
Waterplane Area: 38,130 Square feet or 3,542 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 111 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 157 lbs/sq ft or 766 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.95
- Longitudinal: 1.59
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Another attempt at a "new age" armoured cruiser for 1905
I have been playing with 1905 style armoured cruiser designs for a long time. This version is rather like the Minotaur class, except for a uniform armament. I was able to achieve 24 knots, as well, thanks to turbines and oil fuel. I opted for superfiring guns, as well. Admiral Fisher had contemplated such a thing, but the very conservative navy rejected them at the time of the Dreadnought. This is my Springsharp report:
GB/CA/1905, Great Britain Armoured Cruiser laid down 1905
Displacement:
12,770 t light; 13,248 t standard; 14,700 t normal; 15,862 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
527.00 ft / 525.00 ft x 75.00 ft x 24.00 ft (normal load)
160.63 m / 160.02 m x 22.86 m x 7.32 m
Armament:
8 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns (2x4 guns), 380.00lbs / 172.37kg shells, 1905 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount
16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (10 mounts), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline, evenly spread
16 - 0.00" / 0.0 mm guns (1x16 guns), 0.00lbs / 0.00kg shells, 1905 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mount
on side
Weight of broadside 3,552 lbs / 1,611 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 155.00 ft / 47.24 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
Main Belt covers 108 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.00" / 25 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 6.00" / 152 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 4.00" / 102 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 6.00" / 152 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 37,956 shp / 28,315 Kw = 24.00 kts
Range 4,750nm at 14.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,613 tons
Complement:
666 - 867
Cost:
£1.230 million / $4.921 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 453 tons, 3.1 %
Armour: 4,243 tons, 28.9 %
- Belts: 1,877 tons, 12.8 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 315 tons, 2.1 %
- Armament: 962 tons, 6.5 %
- Armour Deck: 1,011 tons, 6.9 %
- Conning Tower: 78 tons, 0.5 %
Machinery: 2,875 tons, 19.6 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,199 tons, 35.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,930 tons, 13.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
18,123 lbs / 8,220 Kg = 46.5 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 2.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
Metacentric height 4.5 ft / 1.4 m
Roll period: 14.8 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.39
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.29
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.544
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.00 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 22.91 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Mid (40 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Stern: 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
- Average freeboard: 18.48 ft / 5.63 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 118.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 140.7 %
Waterplane Area: 27,337 Square feet or 2,540 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 130 lbs/sq ft or 635 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.48
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Thursday, August 04, 2005
I am embarrassed to say that I hoped for 46 knots from the Ger/CB/1915 design
I had high hopes, back in the early 1970's, for what I am calling the Ger/CB/1915 Design Study. I hoped for 46 knots at full power, and 47.8 knots on 10% overload. I thought that I should be able to get 385,000 SHP from the powerplant, at 40 SHP/ton. The dimensions were 850ft x 105ft x 26.3ft, with a 50ft hull depth. The armament was 6-18in/45 and 16-5in QF guns. The problem is that in Springsharp, even 38 knots is 354,949 tons. That kills the hull strength and seakeeping ability. I had to settle for 35 knots:
Ger/CB/1915 Design Study, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
35,546 t light; 37,147 t standard; 38,500 t normal; 39,582 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
851.73 ft / 850.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 28.00 ft (normal load)
259.61 m / 259.08 m x 32.00 m x 8.53 m
Armament:
6 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread
16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, all forward, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
Weight of broadside 18,496 lbs / 8,390 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 320.00 ft / 97.54 m 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
Ends: 7.00" / 178 mm 180.00 ft / 54.86 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
350.00 ft / 106.68 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 58 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 8.00" / 203 mm
2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm - -
- Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 6 shafts, 253,699 shp / 189,259 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 5,000nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 2,435 tons
Complement:
1,373 - 1,786
Cost:
£5.870 million / $23.482 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,312 tons, 6.0 %
Armour: 7,846 tons, 20.4 %
- Belts: 2,889 tons, 7.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 925 tons, 2.4 %
- Armament: 1,751 tons, 4.5 %
- Armour Deck: 2,281 tons, 5.9 %
- Conning Tower: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Machinery: 6,069 tons, 15.8 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,319 tons, 50.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,954 tons, 7.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
50,876 lbs / 23,077 Kg = 17.4 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 6.1 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 7.3 ft / 2.2 m
Roll period: 16.3 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.75
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.06
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck
Block coefficient: 0.539
Length to Beam Ratio: 8.10 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 33.00 ft / 10.06 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Mid (50 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Stern: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Average freeboard: 29.32 ft / 8.94 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 118.1 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 248.1 %
Waterplane Area: 61,661 Square feet or 5,728 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 216 lbs/sq ft or 1,056 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.96
- Longitudinal: 1.50
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
My Vanguard-like design didn't work, as specified
I have this drawing and partial specification for a Vanguard-like battleship. It is undated but was clearly in the series that began in 1905 and continued into the 1920's. I had understandably expected that since the Vanguard would work, that a similar ship would, as well. The dimensions were 800ft x 108ft x 30.2ft. The standard displacement was to be 41,500 tons. The armament was 8-15in/50 guns and 20-5in QF guns, as was our preference in the early 1970's. The armoring scheme simply can't be reproduced in Springsharp. There was a short, heavy belt, amidships, that was the full, two-deck height. There were decreasing thickness towards the bow and stern. To achieve an acceptable compromise, in Springsharp, the displacement had to increase, as well as the freeboard. This is the resulting report:
GB/BB/1921 Design Study, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1921 (Engine 1941)
Displacement:
43,147 t light; 44,814 t standard; 46,600 t normal; 48,029 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
801.68 ft / 800.00 ft x 108.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
244.35 m / 243.84 m x 32.92 m x 9.75 m
Armament:
8 - 15.00" / 381 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,687.50lbs / 765.44kg shells, 1921 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10 mounts), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1921 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 14,500 lbs / 6,577 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 90
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
Ends: 7.00" / 178 mm 200.00 ft / 60.96 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
150.00 ft / 45.72 m Unarmoured ends
Main Belt covers 87 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
2.00" / 51 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 8.00" / 203 mm 14.0" / 356 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 5.50" / 140 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 210,397 shp / 156,956 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3,215 tons
Complement:
1,585 - 2,061
Cost:
£9.701 million / $38.803 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,813 tons, 3.9 %
Armour: 17,955 tons, 38.5 %
- Belts: 5,630 tons, 12.1 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 932 tons, 2.0 %
- Armament: 4,632 tons, 9.9 %
- Armour Deck: 6,369 tons, 13.7 %
- Conning Tower: 391 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 5,560 tons, 11.9 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 17,819 tons, 38.2 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,453 tons, 7.4 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
70,053 lbs / 31,776 Kg = 41.5 x 15.0 " / 381 mm shells or 10.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
Metacentric height 6.3 ft / 1.9 m
Roll period: 18.0 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.57
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.01
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has low forecastle
Block coefficient: 0.590
Length to Beam Ratio: 7.41 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 32.00 ft / 9.75 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m (26.00 ft / 7.92 m aft of break)
- Mid (50 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Stern: 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Average freeboard: 26.36 ft / 8.03 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 83.9 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 195.6 %
Waterplane Area: 62,598 Square feet or 5,816 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 200 lbs/sq ft or 978 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.97
- Longitudinal: 1.27
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Wednesday, August 03, 2005
The Ger/CL/1920 Fleet Cruiser is really extreme
My Ger/CL/1920 Fleet Cruiser design is really extreme. Like the other light cruiser design, it was intended to be similar to the later Italian designs. This one was intended to be 6,000 tons standard displacement, with 7,500 tons full load. The dimensions are 575ft x 52ft x 17.4ft. The armament is 6-6in guns with 8-23.6in TT. The armor is light, being on the order of 675 tons. The Springsharp machinery is much heavier than what I had planned. My original design had 1,250 ton machinery, while Springsharp required 2,998 tons. Real ships for this period, such as the Japanese light cruisers, were more capable than this design. This is the Springsharp report (I had to reduce the range and cruising speed, as well as the freeboard, to get adequate hull strength and seakeeping):
Ger/CL/1920 Fleet Cruiser, Germany Light Cruiser laid down 1920 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
6,937 t light; 7,127 t standard; 7,300 t normal; 7,439 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
576.26 ft / 575.00 ft x 52.00 ft x 17.40 ft (normal load)
175.64 m / 175.26 m x 15.85 m x 5.30 m
Armament:
6 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (3x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1920 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, majority aft, 1 raised mount aft - superfiring
Weight of broadside 648 lbs / 294 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
8 - 23.6" / 599.44 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 2.25" / 57 mm 263.00 ft / 80.16 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 2.25" / 57 mm 140.00 ft / 42.67 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 70 % of normal length
Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.95" / 24 mm 0.95" / 24 mm 0.95" / 24 mm
- Armour deck: 0.75" / 19 mm, Conning tower: 2.00" / 51 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 125,310 shp / 93,481 Kw = 37.00 kts
Range 2,600nm at 12.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 312 tons
Complement:
394 - 513
Cost:
£1.727 million / $6.907 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 81 tons, 1.1 %
Armour: 676 tons, 9.3 %
- Belts: 332 tons, 4.6 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 53 tons, 0.7 %
- Armour Deck: 274 tons, 3.8 %
- Conning Tower: 16 tons, 0.2 %
Machinery: 2,998 tons, 41.1 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,183 tons, 43.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 363 tons, 5.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
5,309 lbs / 2,408 Kg = 49.2 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.8 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.24
Metacentric height 2.8 ft / 0.9 m
Roll period: 13.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.02
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.491
Length to Beam Ratio: 11.06 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.98 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 62 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 3.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 24.00 ft / 7.32 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 22.50 ft / 6.86 m
- Mid (72 %): 22.50 ft / 6.86 m (14.50 ft / 4.42 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 14.50 ft / 4.42 m
- Stern: 14.50 ft / 4.42 m
- Average freeboard: 20.38 ft / 6.21 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 141.4 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 153.2 %
Waterplane Area: 19,762 Square feet or 1,836 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 100 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 90 lbs/sq ft or 441 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.93
- Longitudinal: 1.80
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
My really radical light cruiser
I have a light cruiser design dating from the early 1970's that is very radical. It has almost no protection. Springsharp required me to give armor to the turret faces and barbettes, which I had been prepared to leave unprotected. The best that I could dor speed was only 35 knots. That requires the lightest possible machinery. The dimensions are 555ft x 50ft x 16.3ft. The standard displacement is 5,000 tons with a 6,500 ton deep load displacement. I have tried this design before, but not with the lightest machinery. The main armament is 8-6in/50 QF guns. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CL/1919 Fast, Enter country Enter ship type laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
5,531 t light; 5,719 t standard; 6,000 t normal; 6,225 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
555.00 ft / 555.00 ft x 50.00 ft x 16.30 ft (normal load)
169.16 m / 169.16 m x 15.24 m x 4.97 m
Armament:
8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns (4x2 guns), 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
4 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1916 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on side, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 992 lbs / 450 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 120
4 - 23.6" / 599.44 mm above water torpedoes
Armour:
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 0.80" / 20 mm - 0.70" / 18 mm
- Conning tower: 3.25" / 83 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 88,189 shp / 65,789 Kw = 35.00 kts
Range 3,300nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 506 tons
Complement:
340 - 443
Cost:
£0.971 million / $3.882 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 124 tons, 2.1 %
Armour: 84 tons, 1.4 %
- Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Armament: 61 tons, 1.0 %
- Armour Deck: 0 tons, 0.0 %
- Conning Tower: 23 tons, 0.4 %
Machinery: 2,110 tons, 35.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,213 tons, 53.6 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 469 tons, 7.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
5,333 lbs / 2,419 Kg = 49.4 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.9 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
Metacentric height 2.1 ft / 0.6 m
Roll period: 14.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 77 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.77
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.53
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.464
Length to Beam Ratio: 11.10 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.56 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 30.00 ft / 9.14 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
- Mid (36 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Stern: 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Average freeboard: 23.04 ft / 7.02 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 129.6 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 192.8 %
Waterplane Area: 17,913 Square feet or 1,664 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 88 lbs/sq ft or 431 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.88
- Longitudinal: 3.11
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Tuesday, August 02, 2005
The Ger/PG/1915 is more marginal in Springsharp than it should be
The Ger/PG/1915 design doesn't work as well in Springsharp as a real ship. The British S-class are a case in point. They were more heavily armed than this design, and were often faster. I imagine that they had a longer range, as well. The specifications were 900 tons (standard displacement, I believe), 280 tons of fuel oil, 36 knots, and 275ft long. In my wildest dreams, I hoped for 75,000 SHP, although the actual design was nominally 25,500 SHP. I think that I credited this ship with 3-5in QF guns, but this time, only 3-4in guns seemed reasonable. For 3-5in QF guns to work, I would have to reduce the speed to 35 knots. For the 3-5in QF and 36 knots to work, I would have to increase the displacement to 1,175 tons and the draft to a ridiculous 15ft. This is the Springsharp report for the 3-4in QF gun ship:
Ger/PG/1915, Germany Fast Gunboat laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
1,002 t light; 1,033 t standard; 1,090 t normal; 1,136 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
275.80 ft / 275.00 ft x 28.00 ft x 14.00 ft (normal load)
84.06 m / 83.82 m x 8.53 m x 4.27 m
Armament:
3 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1915 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount
Weight of broadside 96 lbs / 44 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 180
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 48,176 shp / 35,939 Kw = 36.00 kts
Range 1,800nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 103 tons
Complement:
94 - 123
Cost:
£0.192 million / $0.769 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 12 tons, 1.1 %
Machinery: 622 tons, 57.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 368 tons, 33.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 88 tons, 8.1 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
236 lbs / 107 Kg = 7.4 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.26
Metacentric height 1.1 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.1 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.36
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.08
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.354
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.82 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 16.58 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 73 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 23.00 ft / 7.01 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Mid (36 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m (13.00 ft / 3.96 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 16.04 ft / 4.89 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 192.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 141.7 %
Waterplane Area: 4,673 Square feet or 434 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 45 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 28 lbs/sq ft or 138 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.38
- Longitudinal: 6.24
- Overall: 0.51
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Another recalculation of the GB/FG/1913
My friend Cliff wanted to build a destroyer-type ship that was primarily gun-armed, with a minimal torpedo armament. He wanted to give it a distinctive designation, it became an FG. This was rather like a later-Marksman class leader with superfiring guns. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/FG/1913, Great Britain Frigate-Gunboat laid down 1913 (Engine 1927)
Displacement:
1,035 t light; 1,076 t standard; 1,200 t normal; 1,300 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
315.77 ft / 315.00 ft x 30.00 ft x 10.00 ft (normal load)
96.25 m / 96.01 m x 9.14 m x 3.05 m
Armament:
4 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1913 Model
Breech loading guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
1 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1913 Model
Quick firing gun in a deck mount with hoist
on centreline amidships
Weight of broadside 160 lbs / 73 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 180
2 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 2 shafts, 29,475 shp / 21,988 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 3,250nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 224 tons
Complement:
101 - 132
Cost:
£0.153 million / $0.614 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 20 tons, 1.7 %
Machinery: 626 tons, 52.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 389 tons, 32.4 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 165 tons, 13.8 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
347 lbs / 157 Kg = 10.8 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.34
Metacentric height 1.4 ft / 0.4 m
Roll period: 10.7 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 63 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.47
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.26
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.444
Length to Beam Ratio: 10.50 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 17.75 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 68 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
- Mid (42 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m (12.00 ft / 3.66 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Stern: 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
- Average freeboard: 15.52 ft / 4.73 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 181.5 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 142.2 %
Waterplane Area: 6,001 Square feet or 557 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 59 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 28 lbs/sq ft or 138 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.44
- Longitudinal: 3.00
- Overall: 0.53
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Monday, August 01, 2005
The Ger/DD/1915 design vs. my original concept
My Ger/DD/1915 destroyer design was predicated on very lightweight machinery. The displacement was to be 800 tons and the dimensions were 240ft x 26ft. The armament was 2-4in QF guns, 4-21in TT, and 20 mines. The speed was not specified, but the best that I could do with Springsharp was about 32 knots. This is a comparison between the original concept and the Springsharp design:
Original Springsharp
Armament: 20 tons 8 tons
Machinery: 444 tons 410 tons
Hull: 272 tons 275 tons
Misc: 64 tons 88 tons
Oil Fuel: 200 tons 119 tons
Feedwater: 50 tons
This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/DD/1915, Germany Destroyer laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)
Displacement:
712 t light; 734 t standard; 800 t normal; 853 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
243.77 ft / 240.00 ft x 26.00 ft x 11.00 ft (normal load)
74.30 m / 73.15 m x 7.92 m x 3.35 m
Armament:
2 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1915 Model
Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
on centreline ends, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 64 lbs / 29 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 150
4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 27,020 shp / 20,157 Kw = 32.00 kts
Range 2,600nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 119 tons
Complement:
74 - 97
Cost:
£0.129 million / $0.518 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 8 tons, 1.0 %
Machinery: 410 tons, 51.2 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 275 tons, 34.3 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 88 tons, 11.0 %
Miscellaneous weights: 20 tons, 2.5 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
229 lbs / 104 Kg = 7.2 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
Metacentric height 0.9 ft / 0.3 m
Roll period: 11.5 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.28
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.04
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.408
Length to Beam Ratio: 9.23 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 15.49 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 74 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
- Mid (22 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m (13.00 ft / 3.96 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Stern: 13.00 ft / 3.96 m
- Average freeboard: 14.84 ft / 4.52 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 175.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 73.5 %
Waterplane Area: 3,859 Square feet or 359 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 58 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 27 lbs/sq ft or 130 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.44
- Longitudinal: 6.49
- Overall: 0.58
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
Room for accommodation and workspaces is cramped
I have a German battlecruiser design, circa 1907 or so (Updated)
I have a pencil sketch for a German battlecruiser design from about 1907 or slightly later. The design ws to be 21.500 tons, 600ft x 95ft x 24ft, with 8-12in/45 and 12-6in/45 guns. The maximum speed was hoped to be 30 knots, but in another note, the speed is 28.6 knots. The prismatic coefficient was to be 0.57 and the midship coefficient was 0.97. The weights were:
- Hull: 6,950 tons
- Aux. Machinery: 762 tons
- Machinery: 2,690 tons
- Armament: 1,320 tons
- Protection: 6,678 tons
- Miscellaneous: 1,600 tons
The standard displacement was apparently to be 20,000 tons. In one place, I had written that the normal SHP would be 80,600. The machinery was apparently to be very light.
This is the corresponding Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1907 design study, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1907 (Engine 1933)
Displacement:
19,623 t light; 20,427 t standard; 21,500 t normal; 22,358 t full load
Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
600.00 ft / 600.00 ft x 95.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
182.88 m / 182.88 m x 28.96 m x 8.23 m
Armament:
8 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (4x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1907 Model
Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
on centreline ends, evenly spread, 1 raised mount aft - superfiring
12 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1907 Model
Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
on side ends, evenly spread
12 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
Weight of broadside 8,208 lbs / 3,723 kg
Shells per gun, main battery: 80
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
Ends: Unarmoured
Upper: 8.00" / 203 mm 230.00 ft / 70.10 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
1.50" / 38 mm 390.00 ft / 118.87 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 6.00" / 152 mm 10.0" / 254 mm
2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm
- Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Direct drive, 4 shafts, 90,855 shp / 67,778 Kw = 28.60 kts
Range 5,200nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 1,931 tons
Complement:
887 - 1,154
Cost:
£1.919 million / $7.677 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 1,026 tons, 4.8 %
Armour: 6,742 tons, 31.4 %
- Belts: 2,264 tons, 10.5 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 563 tons, 2.6 %
- Armament: 2,010 tons, 9.3 %
- Armour Deck: 1,739 tons, 8.1 %
- Conning Tower: 167 tons, 0.8 %
Machinery: 2,647 tons, 12.3 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,207 tons, 42.8 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,877 tons, 8.7 %
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
33,938 lbs / 15,394 Kg = 39.3 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 5.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.12
Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
Roll period: 16.6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.52
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.23
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak
Block coefficient: 0.489
Length to Beam Ratio: 6.32 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 24.49 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -1.00 degrees
Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
- Stem: 29.00 ft / 8.84 m
- Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
- Mid (70 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m (19.00 ft / 5.79 m aft of break)
- Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Stern: 19.00 ft / 5.79 m
- Average freeboard: 24.76 ft / 7.55 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 96.0 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 203.1 %
Waterplane Area: 37,600 Square feet or 3,493 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 106 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 168 lbs/sq ft or 820 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.92
- Longitudinal: 2.15
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
