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Monday, July 19, 2004
Makeup of the battlefleet at Jutland
I think that the makeup of the British battlefleet at Jutland was close to the ideal, for the time. There was the main battlefleet of dreadnoughts and super-dreadnoughts (all designed for a speed of 21 knots or better). Then there was the battlecruiser force/fleet, whose core was 6 battlecruisers backed up by the four fast battleships. Both the main battlefleet and battlecruiser force had light cruisers and destroyers. The light cruisers were largely armed with 6inch guns. The 6inch shell was hard to manhandle on a small ship in any sort of seaway, but it was what was needed to be able to effectively fight their German counterparts.
In addition, the main battlefleet had the one squadron of three Invincibles, which D.K. Brown says fulfilled Admiral Fisher's vision for the type. The came out of the fog and pounded the head of the German line, and reduced Hipper's Lützow to a sinking wreck which had to be scuttled. Sadly, the British had their Cordite problem. Otherwise, the Germans would have been more clearly defeated.
The British also used their eight heavy (armored) cruisers as a strong scouting line, ahead of the fleet. The basic concept was reasonable. The only fault was that the ships that were available were unsuitable, as they were the pre-dreadnought armored cruisers with thin decks, a mixed armament, and Cordite. That was a bad mixture, and they lost three ships, because of it (Defence, Warrior, and Black Prince). The Black Prince situation was almost uncalled for. It was a lone ship, wandering around, out of touch, and ran afoul of the German battlefleet. They made short work of the Black Prince.
What they really needed were "heavy cruisers", with adequate deck and side armor, and a uniform gun armament, augmented by an anti-torpedo boat and anti-aircraft secondary batteries. The British never really built anything adequate. They left it to the Americans and Japanese to build this type in numbers.
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