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Saturday, January 12, 2008

The battleship-cruiser with steam turbines

I thought that we would be interested to see the effects of switching from reciprocating engines to steam turbines. The effects are dramatic for the battleship-cruiser design. The armour basis is increased from 11in to 12in and the displacement is lowered. The armour at the ends is increased to 5in. I also raised the freeboard to reduce the effects of the flush-decked hull. The armament is still 12-12in/45 BL and 16-4in/45 QF guns. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/BB/1905, Great Britain Battleship-Cruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1917)

Displacement:
 22,807 t light; 23,887 t standard; 25,736 t normal; 27,215 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (602.00 ft / 595.00 ft) x 90.00 ft x (27.00 / 28.29 ft)
 (183.49 m / 181.36 m) x 27.43 m  x (8.23 / 8.62 m)

Armament:
      12 - 12.00" / 305 mm 45.0 cal guns - 871.37lbs / 395.24kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1905 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      16 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1905 Model
   16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
  8 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 10,973 lbs / 4,977 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 395.00 ft / 120.40 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 170.00 ft / 51.82 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
   30.00 ft / 9.14 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 9.00" / 229 mm 395.00 ft / 120.40 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 102 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 395.00 ft / 120.40 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 7.00" / 178 mm  12.0" / 305 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.00" / 305 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Coal fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 53,383 shp / 39,824 Kw = 24.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 14.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,328 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
 1,015 - 1,320

Cost:
 £2.101 million / $8.402 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,951 tons, 7.6 %
 Armour: 9,594 tons, 37.3 %
    - Belts: 3,455 tons, 13.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 848 tons, 3.3 %
    - Armament: 2,832 tons, 11.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,234 tons, 8.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 225 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 2,153 tons, 8.4 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,109 tons, 35.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,929 tons, 11.4 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   43,125 lbs / 19,561 Kg = 49.9 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 7.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
 Metacentric height 5.2 ft / 1.6 m
 Roll period: 16.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 72 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.82
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.45

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.623 / 0.629
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.61 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 24.39 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -3.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 27.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  23.00 ft / 7.01 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Aft deck: 10.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Quarter deck: 33.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Average freeboard:  22.64 ft / 6.90 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 80.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 168.0 %
 Waterplane Area: 40,013 Square feet or 3,717 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 173 lbs/sq ft or 846 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.80
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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