The Ger/BB/1916 design study

I have a specification for a design study of a German battleship, circa 1916, with 9-16.5in guns. The guns are 130 tons and fire a 2,480 lbs shot at 2,800 ft/sec. The ship is 755ft x 110ft x 32ft. The ship has a 120,000 SHP power plant. According to Springsharp, that will drive the ship at 27 knots, which is at the lower end of a fast battleship speed. I went with 16in armour basis, as there seemed to be excess capacity in the design. This is the weight specification:

18,000 tons hull
 4,000 tons Armament
 2,670 tons Machinery
16,730 tons Protection
 3,600 tons Miscellaneous

This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/BB/1916, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 42,916 t light; 45,855 t standard; 49,811 t normal; 52,976 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (759.00 ft / 755.00 ft) x 110.00 ft x (32.00 / 33.73 ft)
 (231.34 m / 230.12 m) x 33.53 m  x (9.75 / 10.28 m)

Armament:
      9 - 16.50" / 419 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,480.00lbs / 1,124.91kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1916 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      10 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mount, 1916 Model
   1 x Single mount on sides, aft deck forward
  2 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 23,320 lbs / 10,578 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 12.0" / 305 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 88 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 16.0" / 406 mm 10.0" / 254 mm  16.0" / 406 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 5.00" / 127 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 5.00" / 127 mm  Quarter deck: 5.00" / 127 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 16.00" / 406 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 118,331 shp / 88,275 Kw = 27.00 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 7,120 tons

Complement:
 1,666 - 2,167

Cost:
 £6.574 million / $26.296 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,605 tons, 7.2 %
 Armour: 17,364 tons, 34.9 %
    - Belts: 4,622 tons, 9.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,036 tons, 4.1 %
    - Armament: 4,286 tons, 8.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 5,953 tons, 12.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 467 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 3,539 tons, 7.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 18,408 tons, 37.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,895 tons, 13.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   84,868 lbs / 38,496 Kg = 37.8 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 15.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
 Metacentric height 7.7 ft / 2.3 m
 Roll period: 16.7 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.29

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.656 / 0.662
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.86 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.48 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 20.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 19.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Quarter deck: 31.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  23.88 ft / 7.28 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 75.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 190.2 %
 Waterplane Area: 63,972 Square feet or 5,943 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 114 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 225 lbs/sq ft or 1,096 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.55
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

The F/CA/1919 design with 11in guns

Perhaps for realism, the F/CA/1919 design should have 10.8in guns, but it has 11in guns, instead. Back in the early 1970's, having a version of the fast belted cruiser with 11in guns seemed like the next logical step. The secondary armament grew to 8-6in guns. The speed is now 35 knots, so it is a very potent design:

F/CA/1919, France Armoured Cruiser laid down 1919 (Engine 1933)

Displacement:
 22,380 t light; 23,144 t standard; 24,369 t normal; 25,350 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (733.50 ft / 729.00 ft) x 80.00 ft x (25.00 / 25.82 ft)
 (223.57 m / 222.20 m) x 24.38 m  x (7.62 / 7.87 m)

Armament:
      6 - 11.00" / 279 mm 45.0 cal guns - 670.00lbs / 303.91kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1919 Model
   2 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm 45.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1919 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 4,820 lbs / 2,186 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.417 t each, 8.503 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 78 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 7.00" / 178 mm  10.0" / 254 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 4.00" / 102 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 4.00" / 102 mm  Quarter deck: 4.00" / 102 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 204,178 shp / 152,317 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,206 tons

Complement:
 974 - 1,267

Cost:
 £4.527 million / $18.106 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 927 tons, 3.8 %
    - Guns: 918 tons, 3.8 %
    - Torpedoes: 9 tons, 0.0 %
 Armour: 5,951 tons, 24.4 %
    - Belts: 1,032 tons, 4.2 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 342 tons, 1.4 %
    - Armament: 1,298 tons, 5.3 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,134 tons, 12.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 145 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,949 tons, 24.4 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,554 tons, 39.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,989 tons, 8.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   32,486 lbs / 14,735 Kg = 48.8 x 11.0 " / 279 mm shells or 3.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
 Metacentric height 4.4 ft / 1.3 m
 Roll period: 16.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.61
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.07

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.585 / 0.589
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.11 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.00 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 8.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Aft deck: 23.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Quarter deck: 27.00 %,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard:  27.35 ft / 8.34 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 128.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 238.1 %
 Waterplane Area: 42,060 Square feet or 3,907 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 150 lbs/sq ft or 733 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.56
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Battleship Texas pictures

I want to make some battleship Texas t-shirts, so I have these two images that I want to use. They probably have too much detail, but I want to try them, nonetheless.

An "expanded" version of a "Super Lion" fast battleship

I have a photograph of my "Super Lion" design hanging on the wall, and I was thinking that a version with 10-16in guns would be interesting. A length of 855ft is sort of a classic dimension, so I decided that would work for this ship. This is very much a early WWI-style ship, with the older look, rather than the 1921 look. The displacement is quite large, but the power needed is not excessive. I much prefer the William Hovgaard style "battleship-cruiser" over the lightly protected Fisher battlecruiser. This is the Springsharp report:

Expanded "Super Lion", Great Britain Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1937)

Displacement:
 48,833 t light; 51,083 t standard; 55,033 t normal; 58,192 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (863.00 ft / 855.00 ft) x 110.00 ft x (32.00 / 33.55 ft)
 (263.04 m / 260.60 m) x 33.53 m  x (9.75 / 10.23 m)

Armament:
      10 - 16.00" / 406 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,065.00lbs / 936.67kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1916 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
   1 x Twin mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      14 - 6.00" / 152 mm 45.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1916 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  8 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
   6 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
  6 hull mounts in lower casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
      Weight of broadside 22,050 lbs / 10,002 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: 6.00" / 152 mm 300.00 ft / 91.44 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
   15.00 ft / 4.57 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 11.0" / 279 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 97 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 32.00 ft / 9.75 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 15.0" / 381 mm 10.0" / 254 mm  15.0" / 381 mm
 2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 4.00" / 102 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 4.00" / 102 mm  Quarter deck: 4.00" / 102 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 14.00" / 356 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 178,635 shp / 133,262 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 7,109 tons

Complement:
 1,796 - 2,335

Cost:
 £7.199 million / $28.797 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,609 tons, 6.6 %
 Armour: 19,959 tons, 36.3 %
    - Belts: 5,759 tons, 10.5 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,557 tons, 4.6 %
    - Armament: 5,889 tons, 10.7 %
    - Armour Deck: 5,317 tons, 9.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 436 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 4,951 tons, 9.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 20,315 tons, 36.9 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,199 tons, 11.3 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   95,929 lbs / 43,513 Kg = 46.8 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 16.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
 Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 17.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 60 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.84
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.21

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.640 / 0.645
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.77 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.24 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 25.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Aft deck: 20.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Quarter deck: 30.00 %,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard:  26.90 ft / 8.20 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.4 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 219.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 71,389 Square feet or 6,632 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 215 lbs/sq ft or 1,052 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.20
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

The longer version of the F/CA/1917

The longer version of the F/CA/1917 is a much better design. The draft is still too shallow, even when I increased it to 22ft in this version. The hull form is too full for what the ship is. The original concept had a 4in deck and with the 729ft length, that was easily achieved, along with a 34 knot maximum speed. The armament is still 8-9.4in and 8-4in QF guns, with 6-21in TT. The belt is a thick 8in, although it is very narrow at 8ft tall. The design is really a modern version of the 1880's belted cruiser. This is the Springsharp report:

F/CA/1917 Long, France Armoured Cruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 19,625 t light; 20,379 t standard; 21,548 t normal; 22,484 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (732.05 ft / 729.00 ft) x 75.00 ft x (22.00 / 22.80 ft)
 (223.13 m / 222.20 m) x 22.86 m  x (6.71 / 6.95 m)

Armament:
      8 - 9.40" / 239 mm 50.0 cal guns - 439.64lbs / 199.42kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   8 x Quad mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1917 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 3,773 lbs / 1,711 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.409 t each, 8.455 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 72 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 4.00" / 102 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 4.00" / 102 mm  Quarter deck: 4.00" / 102 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 170,128 shp / 126,916 Kw = 34.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,105 tons

Complement:
 889 - 1,156

Cost:
 £3.254 million / $13.016 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 936 tons, 4.3 %
    - Guns: 927 tons, 4.3 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.0 %
 Armour: 5,792 tons, 26.9 %
    - Belts: 957 tons, 4.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 252 tons, 1.2 %
    - Armament: 1,394 tons, 6.5 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,056 tons, 14.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 133 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 5,088 tons, 23.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,810 tons, 36.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,923 tons, 8.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   29,720 lbs / 13,481 Kg = 71.6 x 9.4 " / 239 mm shells or 3.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
 Metacentric height 3.9 ft / 1.2 m
 Roll period: 16.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.58
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.627 / 0.631
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.72 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.00 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 58 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Aft deck: 23.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Quarter deck: 27.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.27 ft / 7.70 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 127.8 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 236.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 41,006 Square feet or 3,810 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 133 lbs/sq ft or 647 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.16
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The short version of the F/CA/1917 fast belted cruiser

The short version of the F/CA/1917 fast belted cruiser is something of a failure. I had greatly overestimated what might be possible when I created the concept. I was going to build six of the ships for my building program, but I had ignored hull strength and seakeeping considerations. The ship had 8-9.4in guns in two quadruple turrets mounted forward and then had 8-4in QF guns aft. the narrow belt was 8in. The speed is much lower and the deck armour is much lighter than I had planned. I would expect that a 729ft version would work better. This is the Springsharp report:

F/CA/1917, France Armoured Cruiser laid down 1917 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 17,282 t light; 17,984 t standard; 18,952 t normal; 19,726 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (679.05 ft / 676.00 ft) x 75.00 ft x (21.00 / 21.72 ft)
 (206.97 m / 206.04 m) x 22.86 m  x (6.40 / 6.62 m)

Armament:
      8 - 9.40" / 239 mm 50.0 cal guns - 439.64lbs / 199.42kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1917 Model
   8 x Quad mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1917 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 3,773 lbs / 1,711 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.409 t each, 8.455 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 77 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 340.00 ft / 103.63 m 20.00 ft / 6.10 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 145,427 shp / 108,488 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 4,800nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,742 tons

Complement:
 806 - 1,049

Cost:
 £2.917 million / $11.668 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 936 tons, 4.9 %
    - Guns: 927 tons, 4.9 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.0 %
 Armour: 4,839 tons, 25.5 %
    - Belts: 954 tons, 5.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 252 tons, 1.3 %
    - Armament: 1,394 tons, 7.4 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,117 tons, 11.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 123 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 4,349 tons, 22.9 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,158 tons, 37.8 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,670 tons, 8.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   27,075 lbs / 12,281 Kg = 65.2 x 9.4 " / 239 mm shells or 3.1 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
 Metacentric height 3.9 ft / 1.2 m
 Roll period: 16.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.60
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.623 / 0.627
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.01 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 26.00 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 59 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Aft deck: 23.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Quarter deck: 27.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.27 ft / 7.70 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 128.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 241.2 %
 Waterplane Area: 37,884 Square feet or 3,520 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 133 lbs/sq ft or 650 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.32
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The Ger/BB/1916 "Large" design

I did not give the very large battleship a designation, but I am calling it the Ger/BB/1916 Large. This is a nominally 105,000 ton ship with 9-19.75in guns and a speed of 31 knots. I was impressed at how good my power estimate was, consideringthat it was very much a "back of the envelope" estimate, based on smaller, example ships. This is my original specification:

Displacement: 105,000 tons  Dimensions: 1085ft x 140ft x 66ft (depth)
9-19.75in guns (238 tons)  280,000 SHP = 31k knots
Weights:
24,070 tons Hull
 7,000 tons Machinery (40 SHP/ton)
56,382 tons Protection
 4,000 tons Auxiliary Machinery
 8,400 tons Miscellaneous

This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/BB/1916 Large, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1937)

Displacement:
 95,188 t light; 100,374 t standard; 106,972 t normal; 112,251 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (1,098.45 ft / 1,085.00 ft) x 140.00 ft x (39.00 / 40.61 ft)
 (334.81 m / 330.71 m) x 42.67 m  x (11.89 / 12.38 m)

Armament:
      9 - 19.75" / 502 mm 45.0 cal guns - 3,885.00lbs / 1,762.21kg shells, 150 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1916 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1916 Model
   8 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  4 raised mounts - superfiring
      Weight of broadside 36,565 lbs / 16,586 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 670.00 ft / 204.22 m 18.00 ft / 5.49 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 95 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  8.00" / 203 mm 670.00 ft / 204.22 m 39.00 ft / 11.89 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 20.0" / 508 mm 12.0" / 305 mm  20.0" / 508 mm
 2nd: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 8.00" / 203 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 8.00" / 203 mm  Quarter deck: 8.00" / 203 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 20.00" / 508 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 282,258 shp / 210,565 Kw = 31.00 kts
 Range 12,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 11,877 tons

Complement:
 2,956 - 3,844

Cost:
 £12.887 million / $51.549 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 5,615 tons, 5.2 %
 Armour: 43,236 tons, 40.4 %
    - Belts: 9,356 tons, 8.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 7,734 tons, 7.2 %
    - Armament: 8,098 tons, 7.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 17,076 tons, 16.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 971 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 7,823 tons, 7.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 38,514 tons, 36.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 11,785 tons, 11.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   205,907 lbs / 93,398 Kg = 53.5 x 19.8 " / 502 mm shells or 51.8 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
 Metacentric height 11.6 ft / 3.5 m
 Roll period: 17.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.60
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.49

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.632 / 0.637
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.75 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 32.94 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 15.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 3.00 ft / 0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  39.00 ft / 11.89 m,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Aft deck: 35.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  30.00 ft / 9.14 m,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m
    - Average freeboard:  31.28 ft / 9.53 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 63.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 222.7 %
 Waterplane Area: 114,452 Square feet or 10,633 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 256 lbs/sq ft or 1,250 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.99
  - Longitudinal: 1.13
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

The Ger/BB/1915 CDV

We were toying with the idea of having coast defense battleships, back in the early 1970's. Since we were gaming the 1905 to 1918 period, it was only natural to place this design in 1915, as part of the emergency war program for Germany. This is the original specification:

Ger/BB/1915 CDV
D=28,000 tons    585ft x 100ft x 50ft Depth  draft=29.1ft
Cp=0.62  Cm=0.97  V=20 knots
1000 tons oil fuel   150 tons feed water
29,150 tons full load
25,000 SHP at 30SHP/ton
4-18in/45 (180 ton), 20-5in QF (5 ton)

Weights:
 7,000 tons  Hull
   834 tons  Machinery
 1,070 tons  Aux. Machinery
 1,886 tons  Armament
14,970 tons  Protection
 2,240 tons  Miscellaneous

This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/BB/1915 CDV, Germany Coast Defense Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1941)

Displacement:
 26,618 t light; 27,829 t standard; 29,083 t normal; 30,086 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (585.00 ft / 585.00 ft) x 100.00 ft x (29.00 / 29.82 ft)
 (178.31 m / 178.31 m) x 30.48 m  x (8.84 / 9.09 m)

Armament:
      4 - 18.00" / 457 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,950.00lbs / 1,338.10kg shells, 80 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   2 x Twin mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
      20 - 5.00" / 127 mm 45.0 cal guns - 63.03lbs / 28.59kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   10 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  4 raised mounts - superfiring
      Weight of broadside 13,061 lbs / 5,924 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 330.00 ft / 100.58 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 14.0" / 356 mm 330.00 ft / 100.58 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 87 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  6.00" / 152 mm 330.00 ft / 100.58 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 10.0" / 254 mm  18.0" / 457 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 6.00" / 152 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 6.00" / 152 mm  Quarter deck: 6.00" / 152 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 18.00" / 457 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 28,862 shp / 21,531 Kw = 20.00 kts
 Range 4,500nm at 16.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,257 tons

Complement:
 1,113 - 1,447

Cost:
 £3.279 million / $13.117 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,092 tons, 7.2 %
 Armour: 13,569 tons, 46.7 %
    - Belts: 3,875 tons, 13.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,125 tons, 7.3 %
    - Armament: 2,416 tons, 8.3 %
    - Armour Deck: 4,788 tons, 16.5 %
    - Conning Tower: 367 tons, 1.3 %
 Machinery: 763 tons, 2.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 10,194 tons, 35.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,465 tons, 8.5 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   64,267 lbs / 29,151 Kg = 22.0 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 15.9 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
 Metacentric height 7.3 ft / 2.2 m
 Roll period: 15.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 91 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.81

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.600 / 0.604
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.85 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 24.19 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Aft deck: 35.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  20.94 ft / 6.38 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 58.4 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 149.8 %
 Waterplane Area: 42,786 Square feet or 3,975 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 109 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 185 lbs/sq ft or 903 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.93
  - Longitudinal: 2.05
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

The Ger/CBL/1915 design

Back when I conceived of the Ger/CBL/1915 design, I did not know about the 75,000 SHP limitation on each propellor shaft. Above that loading, the shaft will fail. Frank Fox had told me about that issue when I was doing more active design work on warship designs. I was able to achieve a 40 knot speed with the lightest machinery and with six shafts. The whole idea of this ship is to kill lesser cruisers by running in close and blasting with the 2-12in guns and having the 6in guns in case one of the ships actually has a fight.

Ger/CBL/1915, Germany Light Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 21,413 t light; 22,061 t standard; 23,131 t normal; 23,988 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (806.67 ft / 800.00 ft) x 80.00 ft x (23.00 / 23.67 ft)
 (245.87 m / 243.84 m) x 24.38 m  x (7.01 / 7.22 m)

Armament:
      2 - 12.00" / 305 mm 45.0 cal guns - 850.00lbs / 385.55kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mount, 1915 Model
   1 x Twin mount on centreline, forward deck forward
      12 - 6.00" / 152 mm 45.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   12 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
      Weight of broadside 2,900 lbs / 1,315 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 4.00" / 102 mm 470.00 ft / 143.26 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 90 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 470.00 ft / 143.26 m 23.00 ft / 7.01 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 2.00" / 51 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 2.00" / 51 mm  Quarter deck: 2.00" / 51 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 6.00" / 152 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 6 shafts, 319,174 shp / 238,104 Kw = 40.00 kts
 Range 4,800nm at 16.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,928 tons

Complement:
 937 - 1,219

Cost:
 £3.061 million / $12.245 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 657 tons, 2.8 %
 Armour: 3,537 tons, 15.3 %
    - Belts: 941 tons, 4.1 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 400 tons, 1.7 %
    - Armament: 427 tons, 1.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,664 tons, 7.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 105 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 7,636 tons, 33.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,583 tons, 41.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,719 tons, 7.4 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   23,402 lbs / 10,615 Kg = 27.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.20
 Metacentric height 5.0 ft / 1.5 m
 Roll period: 15.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 56 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.13

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.550 / 0.554
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.00 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 7.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 35.00 %,  38.00 ft / 11.58 m,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Aft deck: 20.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Average freeboard:  30.04 ft / 9.16 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 157.8 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 261.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 44,665 Square feet or 4,150 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 134 lbs/sq ft or 655 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.69
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Extreme measures: the Super Swift

Given my experience in the last month with Springsharp, I thought I was ready to try a "Super Swift" design. In Vol.I of The World Crisis, Winston Churchill and Admiral Fisher discussed ideas for a new light cruiser for the British navy. One alternative was an enlarged version of the super destroyer Swift. That concept has caught my imagination for a long time. The ship was to carry 6-4in QF guns and I would expect that it would have had 4-21in TT. The speed was to be 37 knots with no armour protection. I had to resort to "extreme measures" to make the design work in Springsharp, such as having a very high freeboard. Admiral Fisher really liked the idea. It was his ideal for a scout that would work with aircraft and submarines. This is the Springsharp report:

Super Swift, Great Britain Scout laid down 1912 (Engine 1950)
Armoured gunboat

Displacement:
 1,857 t light; 1,922 t standard; 2,104 t normal; 2,251 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (374.73 ft / 372.00 ft) x 36.00 ft x (12.50 / 13.08 ft)
 (114.22 m / 113.39 m) x 10.97 m  x (3.81 / 3.99 m)

Armament:
      6 - 4.00" / 102 mm 50.0 cal guns - 33.88lbs / 15.37kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1912 Model
   2 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck forward
   4 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck aft
   Main guns limited to end-on fire
      Weight of broadside 203 lbs / 92 kg
      4 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.389 t each, 5.557 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted centre rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 2.00" / 51 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 2 shafts, 59,333 shp / 44,263 Kw = 37.00 kts
 Range 4,500nm at 14.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 329 tons

Complement:
 154 - 201

Cost:
 £0.246 million / $0.984 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 68 tons, 3.2 %
    - Guns: 62 tons, 3.0 %
    - Torpedoes: 6 tons, 0.3 %
 Armour: 43 tons, 2.0 %
    - Armament: 43 tons, 2.0 %
 Machinery: 1,136 tons, 54.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 610 tons, 29.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 247 tons, 11.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   559 lbs / 254 Kg = 17.5 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.24
 Metacentric height 1.6 ft / 0.5 m
 Roll period: 11.9 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.31
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and large transom stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.440 / 0.450
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.33 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 22.12 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 71 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 6.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 17.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Forward deck: 15.00 %,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m,  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Aft deck: 53.00 %,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m,  16.00 ft / 4.88 m
    - Average freeboard:  18.70 ft / 5.70 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 183.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 158.0 %
 Waterplane Area: 8,801 Square feet or 818 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 68 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 33 lbs/sq ft or 160 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.43
  - Longitudinal: 2.92
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A 35-knot 1905 Tribal class design

I wondered what might be required to obtain a higher speed from a 1905 British Tribal class destroyer. The answer, in Springsharp, is to increase the freeboard and draft. By doing that, keeping the lightest machinery possible, and cutting the range to just 2,500 nm at 14 knots, the new version can make 35 knots:

GB/DD/1905 generic Tribal class, Great Britain Destroyer laid down 1905 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 814 t light; 839 t standard; 894 t normal; 938 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (276.92 ft / 275.00 ft) x 28.00 ft x (10.50 / 10.83 ft)
 (84.41 m / 83.82 m) x 8.53 m  x (3.20 / 3.30 m)

Armament:
      2 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1905 Model
   2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 65 lbs / 29 kg
      2 - 18.0" / 457 mm, 20.00 ft / 6.10 m torpedoes - 0.865 t each, 1.729 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted centre rotating tubes

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 2 shafts, 38,213 shp / 28,507 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 2,400nm at 14.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 99 tons

Complement:
 81 - 106

Cost:
 £0.102 million / $0.407 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 13 tons, 1.5 %
    - Guns: 12 tons, 1.3 %
    - Torpedoes: 2 tons, 0.2 %
 Machinery: 501 tons, 56.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 299 tons, 33.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 80 tons, 8.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   245 lbs / 111 Kg = 7.7 x 4.0 " / 102 mm shells or 0.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.28
 Metacentric height 1.1 ft / 0.4 m
 Roll period: 11.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.11
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a round stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.387 / 0.394
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.82 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 16.58 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 74 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 5.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 14.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Forward deck: 15.00 %,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m,  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Aft deck: 56.00 %,  13.00 ft / 3.96 m,  13.00 ft / 3.96 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  13.00 ft / 3.96 m,  13.00 ft / 3.96 m
    - Average freeboard:  15.38 ft / 4.69 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 184.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 123.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 4,698 Square feet or 436 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 48 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 26 lbs/sq ft or 127 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.40
  - Longitudinal: 4.96
  - Overall: 0.52
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

A Ger/BB/1905 variant design

I had skipped over this, but I thought that I would try this variant design for the Ger/BB/1905 specification. The ship has the forward turret sited further aft and the after turret much closer to the stern than the classic version. This photograph actually has the correct dimensions. The ship was intended to be a 22,000 ton battleship with 8-12in/BLR, 12-4in QF guns and a speed of 23 knots. The lower belt is 11in. This is the Springsharp report:

Ger/BB/1905 variant, Germany Battleship laid down 1905

Displacement:
 20,360 t light; 21,219 t standard; 23,922 t normal; 26,085 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (585.00 ft / 580.00 ft) x 90.00 ft x (26.60 / 28.58 ft)
 (178.31 m / 176.78 m) x 27.43 m  x (8.11 / 8.71 m)

Armament:
      8 - 12.00" / 305 mm 45.0 cal guns - 871.00lbs / 395.08kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1905 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1905 Model
   12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 7,355 lbs / 3,336 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 170.00 ft / 51.82 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
   40.00 ft / 12.19 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 8.00" / 203 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 380.00 ft / 115.82 m 26.60 ft / 8.11 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  11.0" / 279 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 11.00" / 279 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 43,412 shp / 32,386 Kw = 23.00 kts
 Range 5,600nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 4,866 tons

Complement:
 961 - 1,250

Cost:
 £1.842 million / $7.370 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,308 tons, 5.5 %
 Armour: 7,829 tons, 32.7 %
    - Belts: 2,871 tons, 12.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 748 tons, 3.1 %
    - Armament: 1,872 tons, 7.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,141 tons, 8.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 197 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 3,289 tons, 13.7 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,934 tons, 33.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,562 tons, 14.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   37,217 lbs / 16,881 Kg = 43.1 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 6.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.22
 Metacentric height 6.1 ft / 1.9 m
 Roll period: 15.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 78 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.55
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.56

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.603 / 0.612
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.44 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 24.08 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Forward deck: 32.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Aft deck: 23.00 %,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m
    - Average freeboard:  22.20 ft / 6.77 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 164.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 38,285 Square feet or 3,557 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 115 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 155 lbs/sq ft or 759 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.63
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

A "moderate dimensions" ship: GB/BB/1915 small

Many authorities, including Lord Brassey, were advocating battleships of "moderate dimensions" in the late 19th and early 20th Century. Back in the early 1970's, we had experimented with such a ship design to see what could be achieved. This version, which I just created, has my 17in/45 gun, which weighed 138.6 tons, and fired an AP shot of 2814 lbs at a velocity of 2,850 ft/sec. The original specification did not specify a gun caliber, but the guns were clearly large, as the barrels were quite long. The main armament is 6-17in/45 BLR and the secondary armament is 10-5.5in QF guns. The belt is only 10in. The design depends on having the lightest weight machinery allowed. This is the Springsharp report:

GB/BB/1915 Small, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 27,456 t light; 28,879 t standard; 30,134 t normal; 31,138 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (628.00 ft / 625.00 ft) x 100.00 ft x (25.00 / 25.72 ft)
 (191.41 m / 190.50 m) x 30.48 m  x (7.62 / 7.84 m)

Armament:
      6 - 17.00" / 432 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,814.00lbs / 1,276.41kg shells, 80 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   2 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      10 - 5.50" / 140 mm 45.0 cal guns - 83.90lbs / 38.05kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   10 x Single mounts on sides, forward deck aft
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      Weight of broadside 17,723 lbs / 8,039 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 10.0" / 254 mm 320.00 ft / 97.54 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 79 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 320.00 ft / 97.54 m 24.40 ft / 7.44 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm  12.0" / 305 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 4.00" / 102 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 4.00" / 102 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 10.00" / 254 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 70,682 shp / 52,729 Kw = 25.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,259 tons

Complement:
 1,143 - 1,486

Cost:
 £3.873 million / $15.490 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,579 tons, 8.6 %
 Armour: 9,652 tons, 32.0 %
    - Belts: 2,401 tons, 8.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,156 tons, 3.8 %
    - Armament: 2,344 tons, 7.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,542 tons, 11.8 %
    - Conning Tower: 209 tons, 0.7 %
 Machinery: 1,691 tons, 5.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 13,535 tons, 44.9 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,678 tons, 8.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   55,000 lbs / 24,948 Kg = 22.4 x 17.0 " / 432 mm shells or 9.9 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
 Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 16.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 63 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.94
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.27

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.675 / 0.678
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.25 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 25.00 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -1.00 ft / -0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 42.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 18.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  23.56 ft / 7.18 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.9 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 192.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 48,982 Square feet or 4,551 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 219 lbs/sq ft or 1,068 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.92
  - Longitudinal: 2.04
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

The S8 scout cruisers (Ger/CS/1915)

The next sketch design in "The Red Book" is a German scout cruiser (ships S-8 to S-19). The short specification is for a 2,400 ton ship with a speed of 35 knots. The armament is 4-6in/45 QF guns and 4-24in TT. The only dimensions specified are the length and beam: 355ft x 37ft. There is superfiring gun aft. This is the Springsharp design:

Ger/CS/1915 "S8" class, Germany Scout Cruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 1,926 t light; 2,010 t standard; 2,162 t normal; 2,283 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (358.65 ft / 355.00 ft) x 37.00 ft x (12.00 / 12.49 ft)
 (109.32 m / 108.20 m) x 11.28 m  x (3.66 / 3.81 m)

Armament:
      4 - 6.00" / 152 mm 45.0 cal guns - 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   3 x Single mounts on centreline ends, majority aft
  1 raised mount aft - superfiring
   1 x Single mount on centreline, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 400 lbs / 181 kg
      4 - 24.0" / 610 mm, 23.00 ft / 7.01 m torpedoes - 1.877 t each, 7.507 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted centre rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 3.00" / 76 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 2 shafts, 61,370 shp / 45,782 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 4,000nm at 14.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 273 tons

Complement:
 158 - 206

Cost:
 £0.390 million / $1.561 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 123 tons, 5.7 %
    - Guns: 116 tons, 5.4 %
    - Torpedoes: 8 tons, 0.3 %
 Armour: 41 tons, 1.9 %
    - Armament: 41 tons, 1.9 %
 Machinery: 1,141 tons, 52.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 620 tons, 28.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 236 tons, 10.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   524 lbs / 238 Kg = 4.9 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 0.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.19
 Metacentric height 1.6 ft / 0.5 m
 Roll period: 12.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.66
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.03

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a round stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.480 / 0.487
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.59 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 18.84 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 72 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 8.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 15.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Forward deck: 13.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Aft deck: 57.00 %,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m,  17.00 ft / 5.18 m
    - Average freeboard:  19.30 ft / 5.88 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 187.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 152.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 8,596 Square feet or 799 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 64 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 35 lbs/sq ft or 172 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.41
  - Longitudinal: 3.21
  - Overall: 0.51
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

How about a modernized Centurion battleship?

This is not an original idea, but when I heard about this, I was interested. I did this unencumbered by a drawing or details, but this at least seems plausible. I tried a modernized version of the battleship Centurion, updated somewhat similar to the Queen Elizabeth class, except faster. I removed the center turret, so the armament becomes 8-13.5in/45 BLR, 20-4.5in DP, and 32-2pdr AA guns. The armour basis is 12in with a 5in deck. The ship is bulged to 104ft and has a 4in torpedo bulkhead and 1in in the bulges (whatever that means to Springsharp). I have omitted aircraft, which you might want to add. To be able to have DP guns, Springsharp requires that the laid down date be moved up, as you are not allowed to use them on a 1911 ship. This is the Springsharp report:

Centurion-modernized, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1938

Displacement:
 27,259 t light; 28,432 t standard; 29,760 t normal; 30,822 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (604.50 ft / 597.50 ft) x 89.00 ft (Bulges 104.00 ft) x (29.00 / 29.98 ft)
 (184.25 m / 182.12 m) x 27.13 m (Bulges 31.70 m)  x (8.84 / 9.14 m)

Armament:
      8 - 13.50" / 343 mm 45.0 cal guns - 1,240.68lbs / 562.76kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1938 Model
   8 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      20 - 4.50" / 114 mm 45.0 cal guns - 45.95lbs / 20.84kg shells, 150 per gun
   Dual purpose guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1938 Model
   6 x Twin mounts on sides, forward deck aft
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      32 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2.00lbs / 0.91kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1938 Model
   8 x 2 row quad mounts on sides, evenly spread
  8 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 10,908 lbs / 4,948 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 440.00 ft / 134.11 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
 Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 150.00 ft / 45.72 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
   7.50 ft / 2.29 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 9.00" / 229 mm 440.00 ft / 134.11 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 113 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  4.00" / 102 mm 440.00 ft / 134.11 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Hull Bulges:
  1.00" / 25 mm 440.00 ft / 134.11 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm  12.0" / 305 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 5.00" / 127 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 5.00" / 127 mm  Quarter deck: 5.00" / 127 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 9.00" / 229 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 93,477 shp / 69,734 Kw = 27.00 kts
 Range 5,400nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,389 tons

Complement:
 1,132 - 1,472

Cost:
 £13.134 million / $52.536 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,934 tons, 6.5 %
 Armour: 12,870 tons, 43.2 %
    - Belts: 3,439 tons, 11.6 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,888 tons, 6.3 %
    - Bulges: 472 tons, 1.7 %
    - Armament: 3,334 tons, 11.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,550 tons, 11.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 186 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 2,560 tons, 8.6 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,895 tons, 33.3 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,501 tons, 8.4 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   51,396 lbs / 23,313 Kg = 41.8 x 13.5 " / 343 mm shells or 11.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.18
 Metacentric height 5.7 ft / 1.7 m
 Roll period: 18.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 55 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.49
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.11

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a ram bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.578 / 0.579
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.75 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 24.44 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Forward deck: 37.00 %,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Aft deck: 18.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
    - Average freeboard:  24.36 ft / 7.42 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 76.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 156.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 38,100 Square feet or 3,540 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 108 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 179 lbs/sq ft or 876 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.80
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

Page about the battleship Malaya

This page about the British battleship Malaya is nice. You could use the drawing as the basis for a wargame piece. Presumably, there are other like it on the site. Yes, there are from this page.

The BBX "Mod. A" version

I had this concept about how to turn my friend Cliff's BBX design into a fast battleship, with a 28 knot speed. I realized when looking at the specification that the original version wanted 30 SHP/ton machinery, not the heavier machinery that I used. The BBX Mod.A had 40 SHP/ton machinery specified. Amazingly enough, my estimate of 180,000 SHP was pretty close to what Springsharp calculates. This is the revised Springsharp report:

GB/BB/1915 "BBX" Mod. A, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1915 (Engine 1937)

Displacement:
 69,118 t light; 72,755 t standard; 77,066 t normal; 80,514 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (807.44 ft / 800.00 ft) x 135.00 ft x (37.00 / 38.43 ft)
 (246.11 m / 243.84 m) x 41.15 m  x (11.28 / 11.71 m)

Armament:
      9 - 20.00" / 508 mm 45.0 cal guns - 4,370.00lbs / 1,982.20kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      24 - 5.00" / 127 mm 45.0 cal guns - 65.00lbs / 29.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   12 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 40,890 lbs / 18,547 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 445.00 ft / 135.64 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 86 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  6.00" / 152 mm 445.00 ft / 135.64 m 37.00 ft / 11.28 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 12.0" / 305 mm  18.0" / 457 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 8.00" / 203 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 7.00" / 178 mm  Quarter deck: 8.00" / 203 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 18.00" / 457 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 180,161 shp / 134,400 Kw = 28.00 kts
 Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 7,759 tons

Complement:
 2,312 - 3,006

Cost:
 £9.664 million / $38.657 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 5,675 tons, 7.4 %
 Armour: 29,670 tons, 38.5 %
    - Belts: 5,949 tons, 7.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 3,655 tons, 4.7 %
    - Armament: 6,930 tons, 9.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 12,433 tons, 16.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 702 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 4,993 tons, 6.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 28,780 tons, 37.3 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,948 tons, 10.3 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   123,397 lbs / 55,972 Kg = 30.8 x 20.0 " / 508 mm shells or 25.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
 Metacentric height 11.4 ft / 3.5 m
 Roll period: 16.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 59 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.63
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.17

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.675 / 0.679
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.93 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  35.00 ft / 10.67 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Aft deck: 30.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Average freeboard:  27.20 ft / 8.29 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 73.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 181.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 84,640 Square feet or 7,863 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 270 lbs/sq ft or 1,316 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.69
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My friend Cliff's "BBX" design (GB/BB/1915)

In our wargame campaign from the early 1970's, my friend Cliff planned to build some very heavily armed and protected battleships that he called the "BBX". The designation was GB/BB/1915, as they would have been laid down in 1915 by the British navy. The ships were greatly beyond anything that would have been considered in that period, but they were the sort of ship we were considering at the time. This is Cliff's specification:

BBX
800ft x 135ft x 36.5ft (light)  Hull depth=60ft
Displacement=70,000 tons  Cp=0.64  Cm=0.97
9-20in/45 (202 ton) wt of AP shot=4,370 lbs at 2,700 ft/sec
24-5in QF guns (5 tons) 
Speed = 20 knots
SHP=89,300 tons at a normal displacement of 71,500 tons

Weights
18,800 tons  Hull
 2,450 tons  Aux Machinery
 2,980 tons  Machinery
 4,461 tons  Armament
35,709 tons  Protection
 5,600 tons  Miscellaneous

This is the Springsharp report that I was able to achieve:

GB/BB/1915 "BBX", Great Britain Battleship laid down 1915

Displacement:
 66,883 t light; 70,521 t standard; 77,066 t normal; 82,302 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (807.44 ft / 800.00 ft) x 135.00 ft x (37.00 / 39.17 ft)
 (246.11 m / 243.84 m) x 41.15 m  x (11.28 / 11.94 m)

Armament:
      9 - 20.00" / 508 mm 45.0 cal guns - 4,370.00lbs / 1,982.20kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      24 - 5.00" / 127 mm 45.0 cal guns - 65.00lbs / 29.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   12 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
      Weight of broadside 40,890 lbs / 18,547 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 445.00 ft / 135.64 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 86 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  8.00" / 203 mm 445.00 ft / 135.64 m 37.00 ft / 11.28 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 12.0" / 305 mm  18.0" / 457 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 8.00" / 203 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 8.00" / 203 mm  Quarter deck: 8.00" / 203 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 18.00" / 457 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 50,165 shp / 37,423 Kw = 20.00 kts
 Range 11,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 11,781 tons

Complement:
 2,312 - 3,006

Cost:
 £8.920 million / $35.682 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 5,675 tons, 7.4 %
 Armour: 31,079 tons, 40.3 %
    - Belts: 5,949 tons, 7.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 4,874 tons, 6.3 %
    - Armament: 6,930 tons, 9.0 %
    - Armour Deck: 12,624 tons, 16.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 702 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 1,900 tons, 2.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 28,229 tons, 36.6 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 10,183 tons, 13.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   154,887 lbs / 70,256 Kg = 38.7 x 20.0 " / 508 mm shells or 40.6 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.23
 Metacentric height 11.4 ft / 3.5 m
 Roll period: 16.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 85 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.77
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.70

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.675 / 0.681
 Length to Beam Ratio: 5.93 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.28 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 36 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 12.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  35.00 ft / 10.67 m,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Aft deck: 30.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Average freeboard:  27.20 ft / 8.29 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 58.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 181.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 84,640 Square feet or 7,863 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 265 lbs/sq ft or 1,292 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.73
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

A fast Italian cruiser design

I wondered what sort of Italian cruiser design that I could make work with Springsharp. My ship is sort of an enlarged Capitani Romani type, in that my ship is flush-decked. My ship, though, is armoured more like one of the earlier ships. By going large, my ship carries 9-6in/55, 8-4in AA, 12-37mm AA guns, and 6-21in TT at 37 knots. This is the Springsharp report:

It/CL/1939, Italy Light Cruiser laid down 1939 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 9,533 t light; 9,863 t standard; 10,532 t normal; 11,068 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (644.00 ft / 638.00 ft) x 60.00 ft x (18.00 / 18.68 ft)
 (196.29 m / 194.46 m) x 18.29 m  x (5.49 / 5.69 m)

Armament:
      9 - 6.00" / 152 mm 55.0 cal guns - 116.57lbs / 52.88kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1939 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      8 - 4.00" / 102 mm 55.0 cal guns - 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1939 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck forward
  4 raised mounts
      12 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 60.0 cal guns - 1.69lbs / 0.77kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1939 Model
   12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 1,325 lbs / 601 kg
      6 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.497 t each, 8.983 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 2.00" / 51 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  0.70" / 18 mm 420.00 ft / 128.02 m 18.00 ft / 5.49 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 3.00" / 76 mm 2.00" / 51 mm  3.00" / 76 mm
 2nd: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  1.00" / 25 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 1.00" / 25 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 1.00" / 25 mm  Quarter deck: 1.00" / 25 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 3.00" / 76 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 133,798 shp / 99,813 Kw = 37.00 kts
 Range 4,700nm at 16.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 1,205 tons

Complement:
 519 - 675

Cost:
 £5.464 million / $21.858 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 387 tons, 3.7 %
    - Guns: 378 tons, 3.6 %
    - Torpedoes: 9 tons, 0.1 %
 Armour: 1,392 tons, 13.2 %
    - Belts: 412 tons, 3.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 196 tons, 1.9 %
    - Armament: 241 tons, 2.3 %
    - Armour Deck: 511 tons, 4.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 31 tons, 0.3 %
 Machinery: 3,201 tons, 30.4 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 4,554 tons, 43.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 999 tons, 9.5 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   11,722 lbs / 5,317 Kg = 108.5 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.6 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
 Metacentric height 2.8 ft / 0.9 m
 Roll period: 14.9 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.41
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.04

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   an extended bulbous bow and large transom stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.535 / 0.542
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.63 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.58 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 61 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  34.00 ft / 10.36 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Aft deck: 35.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  23.39 ft / 7.13 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 168.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 223.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 27,416 Square feet or 2,547 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 113 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 104 lbs/sq ft or 507 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.64
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

The 2007 Weblog Awards

Kevin Alyward has opened nominations for the 2007 Weblog Awards.

Kevin is proprietor and founder of the Wizbang! blog.

The GB/CB/1916 design study

The specification for the GB/CB/1916 will not work as I had originally hoped:

GB/CB/1916
6-18in (190 ton) and 16-5in (5 ton) guns
Cp=0.56  Cm=0.95  C=0.29 (hull wt coeff)
787-1/2ft x 90ft x 53ft (depth)  draft=30.7ft deep
32,000 tons standard 33,150 tons full load
10,900 tons   hull
 5,225 tons   machinery
 1,240 tons   aux machinery
 2,806 tons   armament
 9,269 tons   protection
210,0000 SHP at 40 SHP/ton of machinery weight

The original beam was too narrow to allow for the armament. I had to increase the beam to 98ft and increase the draft to 31ft. I had greatly underestimated the hull weight that would be needed. That allowed the design to work:

GB/CB/1916, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 33,055 t light; 34,751 t standard; 36,365 t normal; 37,656 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (793.32 ft / 787.50 ft) x 98.00 ft x (31.00 / 31.85 ft)
 (241.80 m / 240.03 m) x 29.87 m  x (9.45 / 9.71 m)

Armament:
      6 - 18.00" / 457 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,950.00lbs / 1,338.10kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1916 Model
   2 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 5.00" / 127 mm 45.0 cal guns - 63.03lbs / 28.59kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1916 Model
   16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 18,709 lbs / 8,486 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 84 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  3.00" / 76 mm 430.00 ft / 131.06 m 31.00 ft / 9.45 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 197,623 shp / 147,427 Kw = 33.00 kts
 Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 2,904 tons

Complement:
 1,316 - 1,711

Cost:
 £5.824 million / $23.294 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,001 tons, 8.3 %
 Armour: 9,061 tons, 24.9 %
    - Belts: 2,399 tons, 6.6 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,480 tons, 4.1 %
    - Armament: 2,033 tons, 5.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,961 tons, 8.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 189 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 4,728 tons, 13.0 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,265 tons, 44.7 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,310 tons, 9.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   43,633 lbs / 19,792 Kg = 15.0 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 6.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
 Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
 Roll period: 17.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 51 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.95
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.01

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.532 / 0.536
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.04 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 28.06 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 28.00 %,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Forward deck: 35.00 %,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m,  26.00 ft / 7.92 m
    - Aft deck: 22.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m,  18.00 ft / 5.49 m
    - Average freeboard:  23.82 ft / 7.26 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 107.1 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 175.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 52,961 Square feet or 4,920 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 104 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 223 lbs/sq ft or 1,087 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.58
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

My It/CL/1928 design

I have been writing about the Second Battle of Sirte that involved the Italian 6in gun cruiser Giovanni della Bande Nere. I thought that I would try a Springsharp design for a similar ship. The Springsharp design is disappointing. My design can only make 34.5 knots with 94,136 SHP on with a Standard displacement of 6,554 tons. The real ship could supposedly make 37 knots with 95,000 SHP on a displacement of 6,571 tons standard:

It/CL/1928, Italy Light Cruiser laid down 1928 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 6,312 t light; 6,554 t standard; 7,076 t normal; 7,494 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (555.00 ft / 555.00 ft) x 51.00 ft x (17.50 / 18.28 ft)
 (169.16 m / 169.16 m) x 15.54 m  x (5.33 / 5.57 m)

Armament:
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm 55.0 cal guns - 116.57lbs / 52.88kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1928 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      6 - 4.00" / 102 mm 45.0 cal guns - 32.27lbs / 14.64kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1928 Model
   6 x Single mounts on sides, aft deck forward
  6 raised mounts
      8 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 55.0 cal guns - 1.67lbs / 0.76kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1928 Model
   8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 1,140 lbs / 517 kg
      4 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 22.00 ft / 6.71 m torpedoes - 1.453 t each, 5.813 t total
 In 2 sets of deck mounted side rotating tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 1.00" / 25 mm 370.00 ft / 112.78 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 1.00" / 25 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  1.00" / 25 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 1.00" / 25 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 1.00" / 25 mm  Quarter deck: 1.00" / 25 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 2 shafts, 94,136 shp / 70,225 Kw = 34.50 kts
 Range 3,800nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 940 tons

Complement:
 385 - 501

Cost:
 £2.534 million / $10.137 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 324 tons, 4.6 %
    - Guns: 318 tons, 4.5 %
    - Torpedoes: 6 tons, 0.1 %
 Armour: 614 tons, 8.7 %
    - Belts: 180 tons, 2.5 %
    - Armament: 82 tons, 1.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 352 tons, 5.0 %
 Machinery: 2,252 tons, 31.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,122 tons, 44.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 764 tons, 10.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   6,371 lbs / 2,890 Kg = 59.0 x 6.0 " / 152 mm shells or 1.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.05
 Metacentric height 2.0 ft / 0.6 m
 Roll period: 15.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 67 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.73
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.33

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has raised forecastle,
   a normal bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.500 / 0.507
 Length to Beam Ratio: 10.88 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 23.56 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 27.00 %,  29.00 ft / 8.84 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Aft deck: 28.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  22.27 ft / 6.79 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 119.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 182.3 %
 Waterplane Area: 18,859 Square feet or 1,752 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 90 lbs/sq ft or 439 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.91
  - Longitudinal: 2.51
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

The GB/CB/1916 design study

I have this sketch design of a 1921-like British battle cruiser, without a designation, but clearly intended to be some date like 1916. This is the original specification:

GB/CB/1916 C-0.24 (hull weight coeff.) 48,000 tons 9-16in (105 tons) 20-5in (5 ton)
30 knots  855ft x 105ft x 33.3ft  Hull depth=58ft
143,500 SHP
Weights
 1,780 tons   Aux Mach
 4,783 tons   Machinery
12,500 tons   Hull
 2,410 tons   Armament
22,687 tons   Protection
 3,840 tons   Miscellaneous

This is the Springsharp report for my implementation of this specification:

GB/CB/1916, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1916 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 44,588 t light; 46,621 t standard; 49,967 t normal; 52,644 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (860.20 ft / 855.00 ft) x 105.00 ft x (33.30 / 34.71 ft)
 (262.19 m / 260.60 m) x 32.00 m  x (10.15 / 10.58 m)

Armament:
      9 - 16.00" / 406 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,065.00lbs / 936.67kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1916 Model
   3 x Triple mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
   Main guns limited to end-on fire
      20 - 5.00" / 127 mm 45.0 cal guns - 63.00lbs / 28.58kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1916 Model
   10 x Twin mounts on sides amidships
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 19,845 lbs / 9,002 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 81 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  5.00" / 127 mm 450.00 ft / 137.16 m 33.30 ft / 10.15 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm  12.0" / 305 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 5.00" / 127 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 5.00" / 127 mm  Quarter deck: 5.00" / 127 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.00" / 305 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 152,135 shp / 113,493 Kw = 30.00 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 18.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,023 tons

Complement:
 1,670 - 2,172

Cost:
 £6.419 million / $25.676 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,287 tons, 6.6 %
 Armour: 17,679 tons, 35.4 %
    - Belts: 4,446 tons, 8.9 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 2,772 tons, 5.5 %
    - Armament: 3,924 tons, 7.9 %
    - Armour Deck: 6,187 tons, 12.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 351 tons, 0.7 %
 Machinery: 3,640 tons, 7.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,982 tons, 40.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,380 tons, 10.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   97,240 lbs / 44,107 Kg = 47.5 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 17.7 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.05
 Metacentric height 5.9 ft / 1.8 m
 Roll period: 18.1 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 81 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.21
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.63

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck,
   a normal bow and small transom stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.585 / 0.591
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.14 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 31.50 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 8.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 25.00 %,  37.00 ft / 11.28 m,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m
    - Aft deck: 30.00 %,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m
    - Quarter deck: 15.00 %,  31.00 ft / 9.45 m,  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Average freeboard:  31.98 ft / 9.75 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 71.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 236.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 66,372 Square feet or 6,166 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 213 lbs/sq ft or 1,038 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.94
  - Longitudinal: 1.73
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

The Ger/CB/1915 design study

The Red Book has a specification that I am calling the Ger/CB/1915 design study:

CB  35,000 tons  6-18in, 16-5in QF guns
875ft x 105ft (58ft depth) 23.7ft light, 26.9ft deep
Cp=0l58  Cm=0.97  C=0.24
40,000 tons full load   35 knots

Weights

 4,800 tons  machinery
12,800 tons  hull
 1,500 tons  aux machinery
 2,670 tons  armament
10,430 tons  protection
 2,800 tons  miscellaneous

This is the Springsharp report for what I actually implemented:

Ger/CB/1915 design study, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1915 (Engine 1950)

Displacement:
 41,081 t light; 42,950 t standard; 44,868 t normal; 46,402 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (881.70 ft / 875.00 ft) x 105.00 ft x (26.50 / 27.27 ft)
 (268.74 m / 266.70 m) x 32.00 m  x (8.08 / 8.31 m)

Armament:
      6 - 18.00" / 457 mm 45.0 cal guns - 2,950.00lbs / 1,338.10kg shells, 90 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1915 Model
   2 x Triple mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
  1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 5.00" / 127 mm 45.0 cal guns - 65.00lbs / 29.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1915 Model
   16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
  4 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 18,740 lbs / 8,500 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 113 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 640.00 ft / 195.07 m 26.50 ft / 8.08 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Protected deck - multiple decks: 3.00" / 76 mm For and Aft decks
 Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 289,844 shp / 216,224 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,452 tons

Complement:
 1,540 - 2,003

Cost:
 £6.034 million / $24.138 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,001 tons, 6.7 %
 Armour: 10,252 tons, 22.8 %
    - Belts: 2,546 tons, 5.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,255 tons, 2.8 %
    - Armament: 2,318 tons, 5.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,915 tons, 8.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 218 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 6,934 tons, 15.5 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 20,894 tons, 46.6 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,787 tons, 8.4 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   67,333 lbs / 30,542 Kg = 23.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 8.4 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.13
 Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 16.9 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.94
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
   an extended bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.645 / 0.648
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.33 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.58 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 57 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 10.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 30.00 %,  38.00 ft / 11.58 m,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Forward deck: 40.00 %,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m
    - Aft deck: 10.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Quarter deck: 20.00 %,  25.00 ft / 7.62 m,  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Average freeboard:  31.40 ft / 9.57 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 105.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 272.1 %
 Waterplane Area: 70,059 Square feet or 6,509 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 219 lbs/sq ft or 1,067 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.52
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent