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Saturday, April 29, 2006

A shallow-draft, big battlecruiser: Ger/CB/1916

This is a Red Book design with no designation written on the page. There is not even a drawing, only specifications and weights. I have arbitrarily chosed a designation, using my usual system. This was intended to be a fast battlecruiser with a relatively shallow draft. The displacement has ballooned, and the speed is only 31 knots. The problem is that I was overly optimistic, in the early 1970's, about what speeds could be achieved for a given power. I as doing some calculations of things like speed-length ratios and SHP/ton, but I was not using good data. This ship has 6-18in guns, and I have assumed that they were in triple turrets, grouped forward. There are pencil sketches showing designs like that, either in the Blue Book, or later in the Red Book. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/CB/1916, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1916 (Engine 1931)

Displacement:
 38,101 t light; 39,875 t standard; 42,000 t normal; 43,700 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 877.24 ft / 875.00 ft x 105.00 ft x 27.00 ft (normal load)
 267.38 m / 266.70 m x 32.00 m  x 8.23 m

Armament:
      6 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (2x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns in single mounts, 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 18,496 lbs / 8,390 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  3.00" / 76 mm 560.00 ft / 170.69 m 26.00 ft / 7.92 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 8.00" / 203 mm 6.00" / 152 mm  8.00" / 203 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 8.00" / 203 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 167,518 shp / 124,968 Kw = 31.00 kts
 Range 6,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,824 tons

Complement:
 1,466 - 1,906

Cost:
 £6.508 million / $26.031 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,312 tons, 5.5 %
 Armour: 10,803 tons, 25.7 %
    - Belts: 3,248 tons, 7.7 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,616 tons, 3.8 %
    - Armament: 2,027 tons, 4.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,704 tons, 8.8 %
    - Conning Tower: 208 tons, 0.5 %
 Machinery: 5,009 tons, 11.9 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,976 tons, 47.6 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,899 tons, 9.3 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   61,393 lbs / 27,847 Kg = 21.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 8.8 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.16
 Metacentric height 7.1 ft / 2.2 m
 Roll period: 16.5 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 64 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.81
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.24

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.593
 Length to Beam Ratio: 8.33 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.58 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 52
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Mid (67 %):  28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Stern:  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard: 25.68 ft / 7.83 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 98.9 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 223.6 %
 Waterplane Area: 66,732 Square feet or 6,200 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 217 lbs/sq ft or 1,059 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.99
  - Longitudinal: 1.23
  - Overall: 1.01
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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