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Tuesday, October 17, 2006

The 1905 Battlecruiser "Design A" works very badly in Springsharp

The 1905 British battlecruiser "Design A" was to have a low quarterdeck and a raised forecastle above the middle of the ship. There were two turrets next to each other on the forecastle, with two turrets aft, one superfiring. The 25.5 knot speed with reciprocating engines and coal-fired boilers makes the design difficult to implement in Springsharp. Part of the problem is that Springsharp wants over 50,000 ihp to reach 25.5 knots,not 41,000 ihp. The specification is very sketchy. I followed the specification in John Robert's battlecruiser book, and used the sketch in Dr. Oscar Parkes' British Battleship book to judge the belt length. I tried to achieve the weights in the specification in John Roberts' book. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/CB/1905 Design A, Great Britain Battlecruiser laid down 1907 (Engine 1917)

Displacement:
 17,535 t light; 18,327 t standard; 20,000 t normal; 21,338 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 568.10 ft / 564.00 ft x 77.00 ft x 26.50 ft (normal load)
 173.16 m / 171.91 m x 23.47 m  x 8.08 m

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1907 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side, all forward
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x2 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1907 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline, all aft, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1907 Model
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts 
   on side, evenly spread, 8 raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 7,424 lbs / 3,367 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 325.00 ft / 99.06 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
 Ends: 4.00" / 102 mm 140.00 ft / 42.67 m 12.00 ft / 3.66 m
   99.00 ft / 30.18 m Unarmoured ends
   Main Belt covers 89 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.50" / 38 mm 325.00 ft / 99.06 m 26.50 ft / 8.08 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  7.00" / 178 mm
 2nd: 7.00" / 178 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  7.00" / 178 mm
 3rd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armour deck: 1.50" / 38 mm, Conning tower: 7.00" / 178 mm

Machinery:
 Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 57,863 ihp / 43,166 Kw = 25.50 kts
 Range 4,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,011 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
 840 - 1,093

Cost:
 £1.921 million / $7.684 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 928 tons, 4.6 %
 Armour: 4,008 tons, 20.0 %
    - Belts: 1,284 tons, 6.4 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 478 tons, 2.4 %
    - Armament: 1,247 tons, 6.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 888 tons, 4.4 %
    - Conning Tower: 111 tons, 0.6 %
 Machinery: 3,770 tons, 18.8 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,830 tons, 44.1 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,465 tons, 12.3 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   19,370 lbs / 8,786 Kg = 22.4 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.8 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
 Metacentric height 4.0 ft / 1.2 m
 Roll period: 16.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 52 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.62
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has raised forecastle, rise forward of midbreak, raised quarterdeck 
 Block coefficient: 0.608
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.32 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 23.75 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 26
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  30.00 ft / 9.14 m
    - Forecastle (37 %): 30.00 ft / 9.14 m (22.00 ft / 6.71 m aft of break)
    - Mid (50 %):  22.00 ft / 6.71 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (30 %): 155.00 ft / 47.24 m (14.00 ft / 4.27 m before break)
    - Stern:  14.00 ft / 4.27 m
    - Average freeboard: 42.11 ft / 12.84 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 129.6 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 124.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 32,008 Square feet or 2,974 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 122 lbs/sq ft or 597 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.79
  - Longitudinal: 8.50
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

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