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Friday, May 18, 2007

The 1916 version of the Lexington class doesn't work, as specified, in Springsharp

I have been adjusting factors in Springsharp 3.0b1 to see if I can an acceptable version of the 1916 version of the Lexington class battlecruisers. I am hampered by not having a good set of specifications with me. The problems are created by the narrow beam of 90ft-11in and the problems with recoil. Seakeeping and strength also interact in an unfortunate way. I will be forced to greatly reduce freeboard, to see if that will help. The best I can do is to have poor seakeeping and steadiness. I would be open to suggestions. I increased the draft, thinking that it would be helpful. This is the rather bad Springsharp report:
US/CB/1916, United States Battlecruiser laid down 1916

Displacement:
 36,534 t light; 38,379 t standard; 40,464 t normal; 42,131 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
 (864.27 ft / 850.00 ft) x 90.92 ft x (34.00 / 35.09 ft)
 (263.43 m / 259.08 m) x 27.71 m  x (10.36 / 10.70 m)

Armament:
      10 - 14.00" / 356 mm 50.0 cal guns - 1,400.00lbs / 635.03kg shells, 120 per gun
   Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts , 1916 Model
   4 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
  2 raised mounts - superfiring
      18 - 5.00" / 127 mm 51.0 cal guns - 65.00lbs / 29.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts , 1916 Model
   18 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      4 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 50.0 cal guns - 14.29lbs / 6.48kg shells, 150 per gun
   Anti-air guns in deck and hoist mounts , 1916 Model
   4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
  4 raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 15,227 lbs / 15,227 kg
 4 - 21.0" / 533 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 7.00" / 178 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 16.00 ft / 4.88 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
   Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 540.00 ft / 164.59 m 34.00 ft / 10.36 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 9.00" / 229 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  9.00" / 229 mm
 2nd: 3.00" / 76 mm 1.00" / 25 mm  3.00" / 76 mm

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Electric cruising motors plus geared drives, 4 shafts, 254,390 shp / 189,775 Kw = 35.00 kts
 Range 12,000nm at 10.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,752 tons

Complement:
 1,426 - 1,854

Cost:
 £6.843 million / $27.370 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,994 tons, 7.4 %
 Armour: 8,837 tons, 21.8 %
    - Belts: 2,546 tons, 6.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,359 tons, 3.4 %
    - Armament: 2,652 tons, 6.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,975 tons, 4.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 305 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 9,478 tons, 23.4 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 16,343 tons, 40.4 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3,930 tons, 9.7 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   35,186 lbs / 15,960 Kg = 25.6 x 14.0 " / 356 mm shells or 3.9 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
 Metacentric height 5.1 ft / 1.6 m
 Roll period: 16.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 44 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.99
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0.86

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has low quarterdeck ,
   a straight bulbous bow and a cruiser stern
 Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.539 / 0.544
 Length to Beam Ratio: 9.35 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 55 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 45
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 27.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
 Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
    Fore end,  Aft end
    - Forecastle: 20.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forward deck: 30.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Aft deck: 20.00 %,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m,  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Quarter deck: 30.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard:  25.60 ft / 7.80 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 142.5 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 192.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 53,380 Square feet or 4,959 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 95 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 195 lbs/sq ft or 952 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.23
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather

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