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Tuesday, May 17, 2005

Fisher's "Perfection" armored cruiser from 1902

Mr. William H. Gard did the design work for Admiral Fisher for a fast armored cruiser in 1902. John Roberts writes about it in Battlecruisers. I did a Springsharp report for a ship similar to the Perfection:
  • 540ft x 76ft x 26ft
  • 25 knots maximum, 15 knots cruising speed
  • 4-9.2in, 12-7.5in, and 16-4in QF guns
  • 6in belt
  • 6in 9.2in gun turrets
  • 4in 7.5in gun turrets
  • the QF guns in the superstructure protected by 2in armor
  • 2.5in deck armor
  • 1in anti-torpedo bulkhead
  • range 6,000 nm
This is the Springsharp report:
Perfection, Great Britain Armored Cruiser laid down 1902 (Engine 1910)

Displacement:
 13,570 t light; 14,312 t standard; 16,000 t normal; 17,351 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 542.00 ft / 540.00 ft x 76.00 ft x 26.00 ft (normal load)
 165.20 m / 164.59 m x 23.16 m  x 7.92 m

Armament:
     4 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns (2x2 guns), 389.34lbs / 176.60kg shells, 1902 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread, all raised mounts
     12 - 7.50" / 191 mm guns (6x2 guns), 210.94lbs / 95.68kg shells, 1902 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
     16 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns in single mounts, 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1902 Model
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts
   on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 4,601 lbs / 2,087 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 150

Armour:
  - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 360.00 ft / 109.73 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: 5.00" / 127 mm 100.00 ft / 30.48 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
   80.00 ft / 24.38 m Unarmoured ends
   Main Belt covers 103 % of normal length

  - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.00" / 25 mm 360.00 ft / 109.73 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

  - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 6.00" / 152 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  6.00" / 152 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 3.00" / 76 mm  4.00" / 102 mm
 3rd: 2.00" / 51 mm       -         -

  - Armour deck: 2.50" / 64 mm, Conning tower: 10.00" / 254 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 45,971 shp / 34,294 Kw = 25.00 kts
 Range 6,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 3,039 tons

Complement:
 710 - 924

Cost:
 £1.224 million / $4.896 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 575 tons, 3.6 %
 Armour: 4,863 tons, 30.4 %
    - Belts: 1,887 tons, 11.8 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 333 tons, 2.1 %
    - Armament: 1,212 tons, 7.6 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,294 tons, 8.1 %
    - Conning Tower: 137 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 1,900 tons, 11.9 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 6,232 tons, 39.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,430 tons, 15.2 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   25,082 lbs / 11,377 Kg = 64.4 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 4.2 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.02
 Metacentric height 3.4 ft / 1.0 m
 Roll period: 17.2 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 69 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.81
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.37

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.525
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.11 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 23.24 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  24.00 ft / 7.32 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Mid (67 %):  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Stern:  22.00 ft / 6.71 m
    - Average freeboard: 22.16 ft / 6.75 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 91.3 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 165.1 %
 Waterplane Area: 27,976 Square feet or 2,599 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 121 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 143 lbs/sq ft or 700 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.93
  - Longitudinal: 1.93
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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