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Wednesday, December 20, 2006

German Grosse Kreuzer I design from 1916

The Grosse Kreuzer 1 (GK-1) was the first of the really big, fast German battlecruiser designs. I based my Springsharp design on the diagram and data from Forstmeier and Breyer's book Deutsche Grosskampschiffe 1915-1918. The ship has 8-15in BLR, 14-5.9in, 8-88mm AA guns and 5-60cm TT. The dimensions are 771ft x 99.74ft x 28.87ft. The speed is 29.25 knots with a range of 10,000nm at 13 knots. This is the Springsharp report:
GK-1, Germany Battlecruiser laid down 1916

Displacement:
 33,887 t light; 35,437 t standard; 39,300 t normal; 42,390 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 771.00 ft / 771.00 ft x 99.74 ft x 28.87 ft (normal load)
 235.00 m / 235.00 m x 30.40 m  x 8.80 m

Armament:
      8 - 14.96" / 380 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,674.25lbs / 759.43kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
      14 - 5.91" / 150 mm guns in single mounts, 102.98lbs / 46.71kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts 
   on side, all amidships
   14 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
      8 - 3.46" / 88.0 mm guns in single mounts, 20.79lbs / 9.43kg shells, 1916 Model
   Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts 
   on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 15,002 lbs / 6,805 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 11.8" / 300 mm 492.13 ft / 150.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
 Ends: 3.94" / 100 mm 278.87 ft / 85.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
 Upper: 9.45" / 240 mm 492.13 ft / 150.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Main Belt covers 98 % of normal length
   Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  1.97" / 50 mm 492.13 ft / 150.00 m 28.87 ft / 8.80 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.6" / 320 mm 7.87" / 200 mm  11.4" / 290 mm
 2nd: 5.91" / 150 mm 5.91" / 150 mm  1.97" / 50 mm

   - Armour deck: 1.18" / 30 mm, Conning tower: 12.60" / 320 mm

Machinery:
 Coal fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 135,373 shp / 100,988 Kw = 29.25 kts
 Range 10,000nm at 13.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,953 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
 1,395 - 1,814

Cost:
 £5.789 million / $23.158 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,875 tons, 4.8 %
 Armour: 10,756 tons, 27.4 %
    - Belts: 4,835 tons, 12.3 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,035 tons, 2.6 %
    - Armament: 3,322 tons, 8.5 %
    - Armour Deck: 1,251 tons, 3.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 314 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 5,548 tons, 14.1 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,707 tons, 40.0 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,413 tons, 13.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   53,092 lbs / 24,082 Kg = 31.7 x 15.0 " / 380 mm shells or 7.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
 Metacentric height 6.1 ft / 1.8 m
 Roll period: 17.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 62 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.78
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.25

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.620
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.73 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.77 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 52 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -9.84 ft / -3.00 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  36.09 ft / 11.00 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 29.53 ft / 9.00 m
    - Mid (64 %):  29.53 ft / 9.00 m (19.69 ft / 6.00 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
    - Stern:  19.69 ft / 6.00 m
    - Average freeboard: 26.51 ft / 8.08 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 102.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 206.1 %
 Waterplane Area: 57,276 Square feet or 5,321 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 192 lbs/sq ft or 935 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.97
  - Longitudinal: 1.31
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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