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Monday, December 18, 2006

The German L1 battleship design from1916

I thought that I would try the German L1 battleship design in Springsharp. I tried to get the parameters as close as I could to what is in Forstmeier and Breyer's book Deutsche Grosskampschipffe 1915-1918. The ship has 8-15in guns and 16-5.9in guns. The dimensions are roughly 728ft x 98.4ft x 28.2ft. The armour belt is about 13.8in at the thickest part. The speed is 26 knots. This is the Springsharp report:
L1, Germany Battleship laid down 1916 (Engine 1917)

Displacement:
 32,598 t light; 34,119 t standard; 37,200 t normal; 39,665 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 728.35 ft / 721.78 ft x 98.43 ft x 28.22 ft (normal load)
 222.00 m / 220.00 m x 30.00 m  x 8.60 m

Armament:
      8 - 14.96" / 380 mm guns (4x2 guns), 1,674.25lbs / 759.43kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts - superfiring
      16 - 5.91" / 150 mm guns in single mounts, 102.98lbs / 46.71kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts 
   on side, all amidships
   16 guns in hull casemates - Limited use in heavy seas
      8 - 3.46" / 88.0 mm guns in single mounts, 20.79lbs / 9.43kg shells, 1916 Model
   Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 15,208 lbs / 6,898 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 90
 5 - 23.6" / 600 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 13.8" / 350 mm 429.79 ft / 131.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
 Ends: 5.51" / 140 mm 219.82 ft / 67.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   72.18 ft / 22.00 m Unarmoured ends
 Upper: 9.84" / 250 mm 429.79 ft / 131.00 m 9.84 ft / 3.00 m
   Main Belt covers 92 % of normal length

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 9.84" / 250 mm 7.87" / 200 mm  13.8" / 350 mm
 2nd: 6.69" / 170 mm 6.69" / 170 mm  1.97" / 50 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.54" / 90 mm, Conning tower: 15.75" / 400 mm

Machinery:
 Coal fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 85,947 shp / 64,116 Kw = 26.00 kts
 Range 8,500nm at 13.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 5,546 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
 1,339 - 1,741

Cost:
 £5.274 million / $21.096 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 1,901 tons, 5.1 %
 Armour: 12,529 tons, 33.7 %
    - Belts: 4,834 tons, 13.0 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
    - Armament: 3,751 tons, 10.1 %
    - Armour Deck: 3,566 tons, 9.6 %
    - Conning Tower: 378 tons, 1.0 %
 Machinery: 3,466 tons, 9.3 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 14,703 tons, 39.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,602 tons, 12.4 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   58,786 lbs / 26,665 Kg = 35.1 x 15.0 " / 380 mm shells or 4.5 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.05
 Metacentric height 5.4 ft / 1.6 m
 Roll period: 17.8 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 1.00
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.51

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.650
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.33 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 26.87 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 6.56 ft / 2.00 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  31.17 ft / 9.50 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 29.53 ft / 9.00 m
    - Mid (69 %):  29.53 ft / 9.00 m (19.69 ft / 6.00 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 19.69 ft / 6.00 m
    - Stern:  19.69 ft / 6.00 m
    - Average freeboard: 26.61 ft / 8.11 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 68.9 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 196.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 54,400 Square feet or 5,054 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 107 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 190 lbs/sq ft or 926 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.52
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

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