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Thursday, February 02, 2006

The 1916 Japanese battleship design: J/BB/1916

My 1916 Japanese battleship design has the features that I wanted, plus it fits within the 35,000 ton standard displacement (not that it was an issue). I thought that by 1916, the main armament should consist of 16in guns, and the ship should be able to make 26 knots. For 1916, the ship is the ideal fast battleship. Those characteristics could be achieved without resorting to very light machinery. Being wet forward seems to be main criticism, although the scale of armour is rather inadequate. This is the SpringSharp report:
J/BB/1916, Japan Battleship laid down 1916

Displacement:
 32,855 t light; 34,522 t standard; 38,200 t normal; 41,142 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 706.96 ft / 705.00 ft x 104.00 ft x 31.00 ft (normal load)
 215.48 m / 214.88 m x 31.70 m  x 9.45 m

Armament:
      8 - 16.00" / 406 mm guns (4x2 guns), 2,048.00lbs / 928.96kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline, evenly spread, 3 raised mounts
   Aft Main mounts separated by engine room
      16 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns in single mounts, 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in casemate mounts 
   on side, all amidships, 8 raised mounts - superfiring
      2 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm guns in single mounts, 13.50lbs / 6.12kg shells, 1916 Model
   Anti-aircraft guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
      8 - 2.24" / 57.0 mm guns in single mounts, 5.65lbs / 2.56kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts 
   on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 17,787 lbs / 8,068 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 90
 4 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm submerged torpedo tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 11.0" / 279 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 9.00" / 229 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 109 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  3.00" / 76 mm 500.00 ft / 152.40 m 30.00 ft / 9.14 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 9.00" / 229 mm  11.0" / 279 mm
 2nd: 5.00" / 127 mm 5.00" / 127 mm  5.00" / 127 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 12.00" / 305 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 86,431 shp / 64,478 Kw = 26.00 kts
 Range 10,000nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,620 tons

Complement:
 1,366 - 1,776

Cost:
 £5.676 million / $22.702 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,223 tons, 5.8 %
 Armour: 12,066 tons, 31.6 %
    - Belts: 3,647 tons, 9.5 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,665 tons, 4.4 %
    - Armament: 3,517 tons, 9.2 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,944 tons, 7.7 %
    - Conning Tower: 293 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 3,220 tons, 8.4 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 15,345 tons, 40.2 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,345 tons, 14.0 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   51,230 lbs / 23,237 Kg = 25.0 x 16.0 " / 406 mm shells or 8.6 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.06
 Metacentric height 5.9 ft / 1.8 m
 Roll period: 18.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 65 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.83
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.30

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.588
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.78 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 26.55 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 49 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Mid (67 %):  25.00 ft / 7.62 m (17.00 ft / 5.18 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
    - Stern:  17.00 ft / 5.18 m
    - Average freeboard: 22.60 ft / 6.89 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 90.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 168.5 %
 Waterplane Area: 53,038 Square feet or 4,927 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 208 lbs/sq ft or 1,016 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.50
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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