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Monday, May 22, 2006

A particularly over-optimistic battleship design

The next page in the Red Book has the specifications for a battleship design that is widely over-optimistic:
50,000 tons  30 knots
9-18in, 20-5in
16in-18in Belt, 7in + 4in Decks, 2in A/T Prot.
Turrets: 12in face, 12in top, 8in sides and rear
16in Barbettes, 16in C.T., 16in Funnel Bases
850ft x 120ft x 30.4ft (Hull depth=60ft)
Hull weight basis=0.24 (L X B X D X HWB = hull weight in tons)
Cp=0.58  Cm=0.97
2.8 SHP/ton = 140,000 SHP
Hull        =14,720 tons
Aux. Mach.  = 4,670 tons
Armament    = 3,330 tons
Protection  =21,380 tons
Misc.       = 4,000 tons
I almost think that my friend Cliff had designed this ship, given its attempt to achieve a great deal on a small displacement. The turret protection also seems to reflect his ideas. If that is the case, then this might have been intended to be a British ship. In any case, I used the power that was planned, but the Springsharp design can only do 27.5 knots for that power. The draft is too shallow for adequate strength. To achieve adequate strength, the displacement needed to be much greater. This is the resulting Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1916 Red Book, Germany Enter ship type laid down 1916 (Engine 1927)

Displacement:
 56,428 t light; 58,904 t standard; 62,100 t normal; 64,657 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 854.24 ft / 850.00 ft x 120.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
 260.37 m / 259.08 m x 36.58 m  x 9.75 m

Armament:
      9 - 18.00" / 457 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,916.00lbs / 1,322.68kg shells, 1916 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline, all forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      20 - 5.00" / 127 mm guns (10x2 guns), 62.50lbs / 28.35kg shells, 1916 Model
   Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on side, all amidships, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 27,494 lbs / 12,471 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 80

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 18.0" / 457 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 9.00 ft / 2.74 m
 Ends: Unarmoured
 Upper: 16.0" / 406 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 550.00 ft / 167.64 m 29.00 ft / 8.84 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 8.00" / 203 mm  16.0" / 406 mm
 2nd: 4.00" / 102 mm 4.00" / 102 mm  4.00" / 102 mm

   - Armour deck: 6.00" / 152 mm, Conning tower: 16.00" / 406 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 140,865 shp / 105,086 Kw = 27.50 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 5,754 tons

Complement:
 1,966 - 2,557

Cost:
 £8.974 million / $35.898 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 3,437 tons, 5.5 %
 Armour: 22,915 tons, 36.9 %
    - Belts: 6,916 tons, 11.1 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,180 tons, 1.9 %
    - Armament: 5,478 tons, 8.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 8,800 tons, 14.2 %
    - Conning Tower: 541 tons, 0.9 %
 Machinery: 4,447 tons, 7.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 25,630 tons, 41.3 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,672 tons, 9.1 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   99,512 lbs / 45,138 Kg = 34.1 x 18.0 " / 457 mm shells or 15.3 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.09
 Metacentric height 7.8 ft / 2.4 m
 Roll period: 18.0 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 71 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.80
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.42

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.666
 Length to Beam Ratio: 7.08 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 29.15 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 4.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 2.00 ft / 0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Mid (50 %):  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Stern:  27.00 ft / 8.23 m
    - Average freeboard: 27.40 ft / 8.35 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 77.7 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 207.4 %
 Waterplane Area: 79,281 Square feet or 7,365 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 239 lbs/sq ft or 1,168 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.99
  - Longitudinal: 1.43
  - Overall: 1.03
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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