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Sunday, June 26, 2005

A new attempt at the 16.5in gun armed German battleship

I have this design study for a German battleship, circa 1915, that I am calling the Ger/BB/1915, along with all the other variants. This ship has 9-16.5in guns (130 ton) and 10-6in guns (6 ton). The originally designed speed was 25 knots, but 120,000 SHP was allocated, and 26 knots is achievable with under 100,000 SHP. The normal displacement was intended to be 45,000 tons, and that works in Springsharp. The biggest problem was hull strength. I thought I had a problem with recoil, but this was because I had omitted the height of the anti-torpedo bulkhead. Once this was specified, then everything worked better. This is the Springsharp report:
Ger/BB/1915, Germany Battleship laid down 1915

Displacement:
 39,693 t light; 41,768 t standard; 45,000 t normal; 47,586 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 755.00 ft / 755.00 ft x 110.00 ft x 32.00 ft (normal load)
 230.12 m / 230.12 m x 33.53 m  x 9.75 m

Armament:
      9 - 16.50" / 419 mm guns (3x3 guns), 2,480.00lbs / 1,124.91kg shells, 1915 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, majority forward, 1 raised mount - superfiring
      10 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 100.00lbs / 45.36kg shells, 1915 Model
   Quick firing guns in deck mounts with hoists
   on side, evenly spread, 2 raised mounts
 Weight of broadside 23,320 lbs / 10,578 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 90

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: 6.00" / 152 mm 100.00 ft / 30.48 m 8.00 ft / 2.44 m
   165.00 ft / 50.29 m Unarmoured ends
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  2.00" / 51 mm 490.00 ft / 149.35 m 28.00 ft / 8.53 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 13.0" / 330 mm 9.00" / 229 mm  13.0" / 330 mm
 2nd: 2.00" / 51 mm       -         -

   - Armour deck: 4.00" / 102 mm, Conning tower: 13.00" / 330 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Geared drive, 4 shafts, 93,663 shp / 69,873 Kw = 26.00 kts
 Range 7,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 5,818 tons

Complement:
 1,544 - 2,008

Cost:
 £5.995 million / $23.982 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 2,662 tons, 5.9 %
 Armour: 14,343 tons, 31.9 %
    - Belts: 4,880 tons, 10.8 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,015 tons, 2.3 %
    - Armament: 3,630 tons, 8.1 %
    - Armour Deck: 4,464 tons, 9.9 %
    - Conning Tower: 354 tons, 0.8 %
 Machinery: 3,548 tons, 7.9 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 19,140 tons, 42.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 5,307 tons, 11.8 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   66,574 lbs / 30,197 Kg = 29.6 x 16.5 " / 419 mm shells or 10.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.10
 Metacentric height 6.9 ft / 2.1 m
 Roll period: 17.6 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.96
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.50

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has rise forward of midbreak
 Block coefficient: 0.593
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.86 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 27.48 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 47 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: -2.00 ft / -0.61 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  32.00 ft / 9.75 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 28.00 ft / 8.53 m
    - Mid (67 %):  28.00 ft / 8.53 m (20.00 ft / 6.10 m aft of break)
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Stern:  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
    - Average freeboard: 25.68 ft / 7.83 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 86.0 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 191.9 %
 Waterplane Area: 60,325 Square feet or 5,604 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 226 lbs/sq ft or 1,105 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.95
  - Longitudinal: 1.62
  - Overall: 1.00
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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