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Tuesday, June 14, 2005

This is an odd battleship design: a design study for a battleship with two triple 12in gun turrets

My friend Cliff was looking at compact battleship designs that were sort of a "moderate dimensions" approach to battleship designs. That was partly why we eventually did some design studies for coast defense battleships of a larger size. I had the benefit of NOT knowing all the details, so I made them up, just now, to take advantage of what was available from Springsharp. What I used was an inboard profile with armor thickness notations. The dimensions as originally specified were 620ft x 100ft x 27.7ft, with a 29,000 ton normal displacement. The armament was 6-12in/50 BLR and 8-6in QF guns, the latter being in two-story casemates in the forward and after superstructures. The bridge structure and tripod foremast were grouped with the funnels and the forward 6in guns, while the mainmast was with the small, after superstructure that included the stacked 6in guns. There were the two funnels and the hull was flush-decked. I suspect that the speed here is higher than we had originally contemplated. I did only go with 1909 machinery, although all designs we did had oil-fired boilers. This is the Springsharp report:
GB/BB/1910 Design Study with Triple Turrets, Great Britain Battleship laid down 1909

Displacement:
 24,392 t light; 25,385 t standard; 29,000 t normal; 31,892 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
 621.00 ft / 620.00 ft x 100.00 ft x 27.70 ft (normal load)
 189.28 m / 188.98 m x 30.48 m  x 8.44 m

Armament:
      6 - 12.00" / 305 mm guns (2x3 guns), 864.00lbs / 391.90kg shells, 1909 Model
   Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
   on centreline ends, evenly spread
      8 - 6.00" / 152 mm guns in single mounts, 108.00lbs / 48.99kg shells, 1909 Model
   Quick firing guns in casemate mounts 
   on side ends, evenly spread, 4 raised mounts - superfiring
 Weight of broadside 6,048 lbs / 2,743 kg
 Shells per gun, main battery: 120

Armour:
   - Belts:  Width (max) Length (avg)  Height (avg)
 Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
 Ends: 6.00" / 152 mm 200.00 ft / 60.96 m 17.00 ft / 5.18 m
   15.00 ft / 4.57 m Unarmoured ends
   Main Belt covers 100 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
  3.00" / 76 mm 405.00 ft / 123.44 m 25.00 ft / 7.62 m

   - Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
 Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 8.00" / 203 mm  14.0" / 356 mm

   - Armour deck: 3.50" / 89 mm, Conning tower: 14.00" / 356 mm

Machinery:
 Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
 Direct drive, 4 shafts, 77,540 shp / 57,845 Kw = 26.00 kts
 Range 8,500nm at 15.00 kts
 Bunker at max displacement = 6,507 tons

Complement:
 1,110 - 1,444

Cost:
 £1.982 million / $7.929 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
 Armament: 756 tons, 2.6 %
 Armour: 10,690 tons, 36.9 %
    - Belts: 4,981 tons, 17.2 %
    - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,124 tons, 3.9 %
    - Armament: 1,389 tons, 4.8 %
    - Armour Deck: 2,912 tons, 10.0 %
    - Conning Tower: 285 tons, 1.0 %
 Machinery: 3,525 tons, 12.2 %
 Hull, fittings & equipment: 9,421 tons, 32.5 %
 Fuel, ammunition & stores: 4,608 tons, 15.9 %
 Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
 Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
   54,190 lbs / 24,580 Kg = 62.7 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 10.0 torpedoes
 Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.36
 Metacentric height 8.6 ft / 2.6 m
 Roll period: 14.3 seconds
 Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 61 %
   - Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.20
 Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.21

Hull form characteristics:
 Hull has a flush deck
 Block coefficient: 0.591
 Length to Beam Ratio: 6.20 : 1
 'Natural speed' for length: 24.90 kts
 Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
 Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
 Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
 Stern overhang: 1.00 ft / 0.30 m
 Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
    - Stem:  25.00 ft / 7.62 m
    - Forecastle (20 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Mid (50 %):  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Quarterdeck (15 %): 21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Stern:  21.00 ft / 6.40 m
    - Average freeboard: 21.32 ft / 6.50 m
 Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
 Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 75.2 %
  - Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 162.0 %
 Waterplane Area: 44,966 Square feet or 4,177 Square metres
 Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 122 %
 Structure weight / hull surface area: 154 lbs/sq ft or 751 Kg/sq metre
 Hull strength (Relative):
  - Cross-sectional: 0.98
  - Longitudinal: 1.46
  - Overall: 1.02
 Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
 Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
 Good seaboat, rides out heavy weather easily

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