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Tuesday, January 25, 2005

A British heavy cruiser with 9.2in guns

I was surprised that the process of designing a 1927 British heavy cruiser with 9-9.2in and 12-4in DP guns with 8-21in TT was so easy. I had the design working pretty quickly, although I had some data entry problems to correct in Springsharp. I have started to go back and see if there are any obvious mistakes or omissions. The easiest thing for me to do is to forget to supply the height of the anti-torpedo bulkhead. I decided to include one, since the Japanese heavy cruisers had one, however ineffective that might have been. The displacement is rather large, but not surprisingly so. You can see the standard displacment is under 17,000 tons. The other potential pitfall is to forget to supply the number of rounds for the main armament. I was helped as Springsharp, in this case, initialized the value to 150 rounds. Anyway, here is the design:
GB/CA/1927, Great Britain Heavy Cruiser laid down 1927

Displacement:
	16,126 t light; 16,846 t standard; 19,084 t normal; 20,874 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	675.94 ft / 675.00 ft x 70.00 ft x 24.00 ft (normal load)
	206.03 m / 205.74 m x 21.34 m  x 7.32 m

Armament:
      9 - 9.20" / 234 mm guns (3x3 guns), 389.34lbs / 176.60kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Breech loading guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      12 - 4.00" / 102 mm guns (6x2 guns), 32.00lbs / 14.51kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, all amidships, all raised mounts - superfiring
      24 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm guns (2x12 guns), 1.95lbs / 0.89kg shells, 1927 Model
	  Breech loading guns in deck mounts 
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
	Weight of broadside 3,935 lbs / 1,785 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 150
	8 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	6.00" / 152 mm	445.00 ft / 135.64 m	16.00 ft / 4.88 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	  Main Belt covers 101 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.00" / 25 mm	425.00 ft / 129.54 m	21.00 ft / 6.40 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	5.00" / 127 mm	3.00" / 76 mm		5.00" / 127 mm
	2nd:	2.00" / 51 mm	      -			      -

   - Armour deck: 3.00" / 76 mm, Conning tower: 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 109,159 shp / 81,433 Kw = 32.00 kts
	Range 12,000nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 4,028 tons

Complement:
	811 - 1,055

Cost:
	£5.309 million / $21.236 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 492 tons, 2.6 %
	Armour: 4,897 tons, 25.7 %
	   - Belts: 1,786 tons, 9.4 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 330 tons, 1.7 %
	   - Armament: 740 tons, 3.9 %
	   - Armour Deck: 1,978 tons, 10.4 %
	   - Conning Tower: 62 tons, 0.3 %
	Machinery: 3,446 tons, 18.1 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,292 tons, 38.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,958 tons, 15.5 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  28,285 lbs / 12,830 Kg = 72.6 x 9.2 " / 234 mm shells or 3.6 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
	Metacentric height 3.6 ft / 1.1 m
	Roll period: 15.5 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 54 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.74
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.07

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck
	  and transom stern
	Block coefficient: 0.589
	Length to Beam Ratio: 9.64 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 29.46 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 56 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		27.00 ft / 8.23 m
	   - Forecastle (20 %):	23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Mid (50 %):		23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Stern:		23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Average freeboard:	23.32 ft / 7.11 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 110.9 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 170.1 %
	Waterplane Area: 35,640 Square feet or 3,311 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 121 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 133 lbs/sq ft or 651 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.97
		- Longitudinal: 1.30
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent

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