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Sunday, January 23, 2005

A (relatively) fast protected cruiser

In my quest for very fast ships, I just tried a British light cruiser for 1921 that only has a 2in protective deck and can make 33 knots. My requirement is for a good seaboat and stability, so that had to be taken into account. I also want good strength, not something that is very lightly built and easily damaged. I started with 462ft x 46ft x 15ft, and went from there. I had wanted 35 knots, which should be doable, but is not with Springsharp. I had to narrow the hull, deepen the draft, go from flush-decked to a raised forecastle, to make the design work. The armament is what I think is appropriate for such a ship: 9-5.5in QF and 8-4.7in DP guns. Needless to say, the size ballooned, as is usual with my Springsharp designs. Occasionally, I will be surprised, and that doesn't happen, but with fast ships, it is often true. I find that I still don't have a really good handle on how to specify freeboard, as I have been showing the raised forecastle wrong. This is the report:
GB/CL/1921, Great Britain Light Cruiser laid down 1921

Displacement:
	5,674 t light; 5,901 t standard; 6,142 t normal; 6,335 t full load

Dimensions: Length overall / water x beam x draught
	517.87 ft / 517.00 ft x 44.00 ft x 18.00 ft (normal load)
	157.85 m / 157.58 m x 13.41 m  x 5.49 m

Armament:
      9 - 5.50" / 140 mm guns (3x3 guns), 83.19lbs / 37.73kg shells, 1921 Model
	  Quick firing guns in turrets (on barbettes)
	  on centreline ends, majority forward, all raised mounts - superfiring
      8 - 4.70" / 119 mm guns in single mounts, 51.91lbs / 23.55kg shells, 1921 Model
	  Dual purpose guns in deck mounts with hoists
	  on side, evenly spread, all raised mounts
	Weight of broadside 1,164 lbs / 528 kg
	Shells per gun, main battery: 150
	6 - 21.0" / 533.4 mm above water torpedoes

Armour:
   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	2.00" / 51 mm	2.00" / 51 mm		2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armour deck: 2.00" / 51 mm, Conning tower: 2.00" / 51 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines, 
	Geared drive, 4 shafts, 64,908 shp / 48,421 Kw = 33.00 kts
	Range 3,500nm at 12.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 434 tons

Complement:
	346 - 450

Cost:
	£1.613 million / $6.452 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 145 tons, 2.4 %
	Armour: 765 tons, 12.5 %
	   - Belts: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 0 tons, 0.0 %
	   - Armament: 154 tons, 2.5 %
	   - Armour Deck: 597 tons, 9.7 %
	   - Conning Tower: 14 tons, 0.2 %
	Machinery: 2,235 tons, 36.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 2,528 tons, 41.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 468 tons, 7.6 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  3,663 lbs / 1,662 Kg = 44.0 x 5.5 " / 140 mm shells or 0.7 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.08
	Metacentric height 1.7 ft / 0.5 m
	Roll period: 14.2 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.86
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak
	  and transom stern
	Block coefficient: 0.525
	Length to Beam Ratio: 11.75 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 25.57 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 60 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 2.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = measuring location as a percentage of overall length):
	   - Stem:		25.00 ft / 7.62 m
	   - Forecastle (35 %):	23.00 ft / 7.01 m
	   - Mid (35 %):		23.00 ft / 7.01 m (15.00 ft / 4.57 m aft of break)
	   - Quarterdeck (15 %):	15.00 ft / 4.57 m
	   - Stern:		15.00 ft / 4.57 m
	   - Average freeboard:	18.08 ft / 5.51 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 136.2 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 109.0 %
	Waterplane Area: 16,138 Square feet or 1,499 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 96 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 85 lbs/sq ft or 413 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.94
		- Longitudinal: 1.75
		- Overall: 1.00
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is cramped
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is adequate

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